Vallalar Kaatiya Gnana Neri

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp
bghUslf;fk;
1/ Kd;Diu /// 2
2/ mzpe;Jiu /// 7
3/ ,uhkyp';fiug; gw;wp /// 11
3/ rpe;jpf;f ntz;oa rpe;jidfs; /// 17
4/ gpzp /// 20
5/ czt[ /// 23
6/ Fz';fs; /// 30
7/ xGf;fk; /// 33
8/ cwf;fk; /// 47
9/ K:g;g[ /// 51
10/ gak; /// 54
11/ Jd;gk; /// 58
12/ gf;jp /// 61
13/ $PtfhUz;ak; /// 72
14/ rkaj; bja;t';fs; /// 80
15/ rhjid /// 100
16/ jtk; /// 107
17/ tpdh tpil /// 113
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Kd;Diu 1
vy;yh $Ptd;fisa[k;tpl mwptpw;

rpwe;jtd; kdpjnd/ ,jpy; re;njfkpy;iy/
tpag;g[kpy;iy/ vy;yhj; JiwfspYk; kdpjd;
fz;Ls;s rhjidfs; Vuhsk; Vuhsk;/
re;jpu kz;lyj;jpw;nf brd;W jpUk;gp
tuf;Toa mstpw;F tp";"hd mwpt[
tsh;ej ; pUe;jhYk;. thH;f;ifapy; Vw;gLk;
mDgt';fisf; bfhz;L. kdpj rKjhak;
rpy Kot[fis Vw;Wf; bfhz;Ls;sJ/
1/ ahuhapUe;jhYk; vd;whtJ xU ehs;

,we;Jjhd; nghf ntz;Lk;/
2/ thH;tpy; Vw;gLk; Mgj;Jf;fSf;Fk;.
Jd;g';fl;Fk; fhuzk;. ehk; bra;j Kd;
tpidna MFk;/
3/ kdpj thH;tpd; Kotpy; mjhtJ
gf;jpa[ld;; g[z;zpaKk; bra;j
Md;khf;fs; cliy tpl;Lg; gphpe;j gpd;
mjhtJ kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;
,iwtDld; If;fpakhfptpLk;/ kPz;Lk;
gpwg;bgLf;fhJ/
4/ ,e;j epiy miltjw;Fr; rhpia.
fphpia. nahfk;. "hdk; vd ehd;F
2
bewpfs; cz;L. mjw;Fhpa gjtpfs;

rhnyhfk;. rhkPgk;. rhU:gk;. rha[r;rpak;
vd ehd;F MFk;/
5/ ,iw gf;jpia rl';FfSk;.
tpuj';fSk;. Mya tHpghLfSk;.
jpUtpHhf;fSk; tsh;f;Fk;/
6/ kz;zhir. bgz;zhir. bghd;dhir
Mfpa K:d;W Mirfisa[k; Jwe;J
fhdfk; brd;W fLe;jtk; bra;jhy;
flt[isf; fhzyhk;/
xt;bthU rkaKk; jd;Dila bja;tnk

cah;e;jJ ? Mw;wy; kpf;fJ vd;W
nghjpg;gJld; kw;wr; rkaj; bja;t';fisg;
bgha;bad;W J}w;Wfpd;wJ/ rkag; g{ry;fSk;
kjr; rz;ilfSk; kype;Jtpl;l ,e;jf;
fhyj;jpy; bja;tj;jpd; cz;ik ,Jjhd; vd
ed;F tpsf;ft[k;. khz;L ngha;f;
bfhz;oUf;Fk; kdpj rKjhaj;ij kuzj;jpd;
gpoapypUe;J kPl;ft[k; ts;syhh; njhd;wpdhh;/
19k; E}w;whz;oy; njhd;wpa jpUtUl;gpufhr
ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewpia ed;whf ehk;
czh;e;J bfhs;s ntz;oaJ kpft[k;
,d;wpaikahjJ/
3
jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;syhh; vdg;

nghw;wg;gLk; tlY}h; ,uhkyp';f mofshh;
Koe;j Koghff; Twpa rpy fUj;Jf;fs; :
1/ kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd; ve;j $PtDk;

eufj;jpw;nfh. brhh;f;fj;jpw;nfh bry;yhJ/
nkhl;rk;. Kf;jp vd;gdbty;yhk; ,we;j
gpd; miltJ my;y/ ,e;j clk;gpy; caph;
cs;snghnj ,iwtid mwpe;J mila
ntz;Lk;/ mg;goapy;yhky; ,we;J nghdhy;
$PtdhdJ ,e;jj; njfj;jpy; bra;j
tpidf;nfw;g mLj;j gpwtp vLj;nj jPUk;/
2/ kuzj;jpw;Ff; fhuzk; m$hf;fpuijna.
fpilj;j ,e;jj; njfj;ijna epj;jpa
njfkhf;fpf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/
3/ CH;tpidapd; jhf;Fjiy ek;khy;
jLj;Jf; bfhs;s Koa[k;/
kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;it kdpjdhy;

mila Koa[k; vd;W Twpa ts;syhh;
Vw;gLj;jpait :-
1/ rkur Rj;j rd;khh;f;f rj;jpa
r';fk;
jUkr;rhiy
4

"hdrig
ts;syhh; Vw;gLj;jpa rkur Rj;j

rd;khh;f;f rj;jpa r';fkhdJ ,g;nghJ
cybf';Fk;; gutp ts;syhhpd; nghjidfis
kf;fs; kj;jpapy;; gug;gp tUfpd;wJ/
jUkr; rhiy bjhl';fpanghJ
$PtfhUz;aj;ij typa[Wj;jpg; nghjpj;jJld;
$PtfhUz;a xGf;fk; vd;w E}iya[k;
vGjpdhh;/
jhd; bra;j jtj;jpd; gaid jUkr;
rhiyapny xU gfypy; mile;njd; vd;W
xU ghlypy; vGjpa[s;shh;/ $PtfhUz;ak;
xd;wpdhy; kl;Lnk ,iw mUisg; bgw
Koa[k; vd;W cWjpahff; Twpdhh;/ kuzkpyhg;
bgU thH;it mila $PtfhUz;ak; kl;Lnk
nghJkh>
jpahdk;. jtk; Kjypadt[k; bra;jhy;
jhd; kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;t[ bgw Koa[k;/ jtk;
bra;a[';fhy; Vw;gLk; mDgtnk rj;jpa "hd
rigahf btspapy; Vw;gLj;jpdhh;/
rj;jpa "hd rig vd;Ds; fz;ldd;
vd;whh; ts;syhh;/ jtk; bra;a[k; Kiwiaa[k;
jtk; bra;nthh; vt;thW thH ntz;Lk;
vd;gija[k; mth;fsJ czt[. cwf;fk;.
xGf;fk;. Kjypait vt;thW ,Uf;f
5
ntz;Lk; vd;gjida[k; ts;sw; bgUkhdhh;

Twpa[s;sthW bjhFj;J ,e;jg; g[j;jfj;jpy;
jug;gl;Ls;sJ/
,jid ey;y Kiwapy; mr;R
totkhf;fpa (D.T.P.) K.S.S. Rfe;juh$d;
mth;fl;Fk; mr;rpl;L E}yhf;fpa rpth
gphpz;lh;!; chpikahsh;; jpU/ jl;rpzhK:h;j;jp
mth;fl;Fk; ed;wp fye;j tzf;f';fs;
chpad/
md;g[.
M/rptf;Fkhh;
rp';fg;g{h;
6
,uhkyp';f mgak; Jiz

mzpe;Jiu
$Ptd;fspy; Xuwpt[s;s jhtuk; Kjy;

Ie;jwpt[s;s kpUf';fs; tiu mit njhd;wpa
fhyk; bjhl';fp ,f;fhyk; tiu vt;tpj
khw;wKkpd;wp thH;e;J bfhz;oUf;fpd;wd/ kdpjd;
kl;Lk; mwptpd; cah;r;rpapdhy; jd; thH;f;ifiaj;
jhnd mikj;Jf; bfhs;fpwhd;/ kUj;Jtk;.
tp";"hdk;. bghwpapay;. rl;lk;. fzpdp ,g;gog; gy
Jiwfspy; mwpt[ tsh;e;J tpl;lJ/ bghUs;
,y;yhh;f;F ,t;t[yfk; ,y;iy vd;w
thf;fpw;bfhg;g ,e;jg; gog;bgy;yhk; bghUs;
<l;lj;jhd;/
bghUshjhuk; njitjhd;/ Mdhy;
bghUshjhuk; kl;Lk; kdpjDf;F xU ey;y
thH;tpidj; je;Jtpl KoahJ vd ekJ
Kd;ndhh; fz;ldh;/ kdij trg;gLj;jt[k;
brk;ikg;gLj;jt[k;. mikjpahd thH;it
mikj;Jf; bfhs;st[k; "hd mwpt[ cjtpaJ/
fy;tp mwpt[ ntW "hd mwpt[ ntW/
nfhof;fzf;fhd kf;fspd; md;whl
thH;f;if vt;thW cs;sJ>
fhiy vl;L kzpf;F nky; jhd; cwf;fk;
fiye;J vGtJ/ gy;Tlj; nja;f;fhky; fhg;gp. O
mUe;JtJ/ mLj;J bra;jpj;jhs; thrpg;gJ/
gpd;dh; Fspj;Jf; fhiy czt[ Koj;Jg;
7
gzpf;Fr; bry;tJ ? khiy tPL jpUk;gpaJk;

bjhiyf;fhl;rpg; bgl;oapd; Kd; cl;fhh;e;J
cwf;fk; tUk; tiu jpiug;gl';fs; ghh;g;gJ ?
gpd;dh; cz;gJ/ cw';FtJ/ eLj;ju kf;fspd;
thH;f;if ,t;thW vd;why; ViH kf;fs; Typ
ntiy bra;J mjpy; tUk; brhw;g
tUkhdj;ija[k; fs;sr; rhuhak; mUe;jp
tPzhfpd;whh;fs;/ jk;ik ek;gpa[s;s kidtp.
kf;fSf;Fk; Tlr; rhpahd cznth. cilnah ju
,ayhky; VH;ikapnyna cHy;fpwhh;fs;/
Kothf Vnjh xU fhuzj;jhy; midtUk;
khz;L nghfpd;whh;fs;/ ,Jnt ,d;iwa epiy/
,th;fsJ thH;tpd; ,yl;rpak; vd;d>
thH;fpd;wtiu thH ntz;Lk;/ ehs; te;jhy; ngha;r;
nru ntz;Lk;/ mt;tst[jhd;/ J}';Ffpd;whh;fs; ?
tpHpf;fpd;whh;fs;/ cz;Qqfpd;whh;fs; ? ,dg;
bgUf;fk; bra;fpd;whh;fs; ? khz;L nghfpd;whh;fs;/
mwptpw; Fiwe;j gwitfSk; kpUf';fSk;
,ijj;jhnd bra;fpd;wd> ,th;fl;Fk;
mitfl;Fk; vd;d ntWghL> ,e;j thH;f;if
thH;tjw;F kdpjg; gpwtp njit jhdh> rw;W
rpe;jpa[';fs;/
tp";"hdk; tsu tsu Mgj;Jk; Tlnt
tsh;e;J tUfpd;wJ/ Mdhy; Md;kPfk; tsu tsu
md;g[k; mwpt[k; jat[k; tsUk;/ xU kdpjDf;F
mtrpak; njit kd mikjpjhd;/ ,J
vy;yhtw;iwa[k;tpl mhpaJ/ ,ij Md;kPfk;
xd;nw ju Koa[k;/ tp";"hdk; jUfpd;w
rhjidiatpl ek;Kila mUshsh;fs; g[hpe;Js;s
rhjidfs; Vuhsk;/ gpwUila nehia ePf;FtJ
8
Kjy; ,we;njhiu vGg;g[fpd;w rhjid tiu

mUshsh;fs; epfH;j;jpa[s;shh;fs;/
kdpjd;; ,we;J jhd; nghf ntz;Lkh>
,wthky; thHKoa[k; vd;whh; ts;syhh;/ mJ ek;gf;
Toajh> cz;ikah> vd;W kf;fSf;F vLj;Jf;
fhl;o midtiua[k; ,wthky; thH itf;f
ntz;Lk; vd;w xnu nehf;Fld; rd;khh;f;f
r';f';fs; bray;gLfpd;wd/
new;W ,Ue;jhd; ,d;W ,y;iy vDk;
bgUika[ilaJ ,t;t[yF vd ts;Stg;
bgUe;jif thH;tpd; epiyahikia vLj;Jf;
fhl;odhh;/ Mdhy; jpUtUl; gpufhr ts;sw;
bgUkhdhnuh mt;thW Twhky; kdpjDf;F kuzk;
ve;bje;j fhuz';fshy; tUfpd;wd vd mwpe;J
mf;fhuz';fisj; jtph;j;J vg;nghJ nfl;lhYk;
,y;iy vd;W TwhJ Mk; ,Uf;fpwhh; vd;W
TWfpd;wthW thH Koa[k; vd;fpwhh;/
fpilj;jw;fhpa khdplg; gpwtp vLj;jtd;
,we;J nghfyhkh vd;w tpdhit vGg;gp.
,wthky; thH Koa[k; vd;W tpilaspj;J.
vt;thW thH;e;jhy; ,wthky; thH ,aYk; vd;fpw
tHp Kiwfis ts;syhh; fhl;odhh;/ ehk; vd;d
bra;a ntz;Lk; vd;gij kf;fSf;F vLj;Jf;
fhl;o midtUk; ,wthky; thH ts;syhh;
fhl;oa tHp; ,J vdf; fhl;Lk;; g[j;jfk;; ,J/
kuzj;jpw;Ff; fhuzk; gpzp. K:g;g[. gak;.
Jd;gk; vd tiuaiw bra;J mtw;iwf;
fistjw;Fj; jpUmUl;ghtpypUe;nj Mjhu';fs;
fhl;o tpsf;fpapUg;gJ mUik/ K:thirfisa[k;
Jwe;J re;epahrk; bgw;Wf; bfhz;L fhdfk;
9
brd;W fLe;jtk; g[hpe;Jjhd; ,iwtidf; fhz

ntz;Lk; vd;w giHa epiyia khw;wpf;
FLk;gj;jpypUe;J bfhz;nl gf;jp xGf;fk;
$PtfhUz;ak; jtk; Mfpatw;iwf; iff;bfhz;nl
,e;jj; J}y njfj;ijna epj;jpa njfkhf;fpf;
bfhz;L ek; xt;bthUtuhYk; kuzj;ij bty;y
Koa[k; vd;W ts;syhh; tpsf;fpa[s;sij
,g;g[j;jfk; bjspthf;Ffpd;wJ/ nkYk; czt[.
cwf;fk;. xGf;fk; Kjypait ve;j epiyapy;
,Uf;f ntz;Lk; vd;gija[k; ts;syhh;
Twpa[s;sthnw tpsf;fp ,Ug;gJ mUik/
xt;bthU FLk;gj;jtUk; th';fpg; gadila
ntz;Lfpd;nwhk;/
Rgh!;re;jpud;
knyrpa _ mfj;jpah; rd;khh;f;f
FUFy ,af;fk;
10
ts;syhiug; gw;wp
1823k; Mz;L mf;nlhgh; khjk; 5k; ehs;

rpjk;guj;ijaLj;j kUJ}h; vd;w fpuhkj;jpy;
fpuhkf; fzf;F ghh;j;J te;j ,uhikah
gps;is rpd;dk;ikahh; vd;w jk;gjpfl;F
Ie;jhtJ FHe;ijahfj; jpUtUl;gpufhr
ts;syhh; vd;W g[fH;bgw;w ,uhkyp';fh;
njhd;wpdhh;/ mth; ve;j Mrphpahplj;Jk; fy;tp
gapyhJ ,sikapnyna Kw;Wk; jhnd
czh;e;j "hdpahf tps';fpdhh;/ jdJ
xd;gjhk; tajpnyna ,iwtd;; kPJ ghf;fs;
,aw;wpdhh;/; bjhy;fhg;gpak;. ghzpePak; nghd;w
,yf;fz E}y;fisr; rpW tajpnyna
kdg;ghlkhfr; brhy;yf; Toa ehtsj;ij
,uhkyp';fh; bgw;wpUe;jjhf mtuJ jiy
khzhf;fh; bjhGt{h; ntyha[j Kjypahh;
mwptpj;Js;shh;/ rpW taJ Kjny ey;y rPhpa
xGf;fKilatuhft[k;. $PtfhUz;aj;jpy;
rpwe;jtuha[k;. "hdghDthft[k; tps';fpdhh;/
xd;gjhtJ tajpy; ,iwtdhy;
Ml;bfhs;sg;gl;l mth; gd;dpuz;lhk;
tajpnyna jt thH;f;ifapy;; <Lgl;lhh;/
rpWtajpnyna jd; ez;gDld; cyfhiria
btWj;Jj; Jwt[ nkw;bfhz;ljha[k;
11
,iwaUshy; mjpypUe;J kPl;fg;gl;ljha[k;

mwptpj;Js;shh;/ 27k; tajpy; K:jj ; rnfhjhp
cz;zhKiy mk;khspd; kfs; jdf;nfhl;o
mk;ikahiuj; jpUkzk; bra;J itj;jhh;fs;/
35k; tajpy; jdJ rnfhjuh; guRuhkg; gps;is
mth;fSld; brd;idia tpl;Lg; g[wg;gl;Lf;
fh";rpg[uk;. ghz;or;nrhp. flY}h; tHpahfr;
rpjk;guk; mile;jhh;/ m';nf j';fpapUe;j
fhyj;jpy; fU';FHp fpuhkj;J nt';fl
bul;oahh; mth;fspd; ntz;LnfhSf;fpz';f
fU';FHp te;J mtuJ tPl;oy; 1867k; Mz;L
tiu j';fpdhh;/ m';F j';fpapUe;j fhyj;jpy;
jz;zPh; tpl;L tpsf;bfhpj;Jk; jPuhj
neha;fisj; jPh;j;Jk; gy mw;g[j';fis
epfH;j;jpdhh;/
kf;fs; ca;a ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfr;
r';fk; xd;wpid 1865k; Mz;L njhw;wpdhh;/
Md;kPfj; Jiwapy; g[j;jUf;Fg; gpd; r';fk;
fz;l bgUik ,uhkyp';fUf;F kl;Lnk
cz;L/ kdpjh;fs; kdpjh;fshf thH;tjw;Fhpa
xGf;f';fis tiuaiw bra;jhh;/ mth; ghoa
ghf;fSf;Fj; jpUtUl;gh vd;W bgahpl;L
Kjy; ehd;F jpUKiwfis 1867k; Mz;L
gpg;uthp; khjk; mr;rpl;L btspapl;ldh;/ gpd;dh;;
Ie;jhk; jpUKiwa[k; Mwhk; jpUKiwa[k;
btspahapd/ mth; ghoa ghf;fs; Rkhh;
Mwhapuj;Jf;Fk; nkw;gl;litahFk;/
12
kdpjh;fspy; khkprk;; cz;gth;fis kpf

td;ikahff; fz;oj;jhh;/ mth;fisg;
g[wtpdj;jhh; vd;W xJf;fpdhh;/ g[yhy;
cz;zhjth;fis mftpdj;jhh; vd;W
ghuhl;odhh;/ ve;j capiua[k; bfhy;yf; TlhJ
vd;whh;/ $PtfhUz;ank bja;t tHpghL vd;W
nghjpj;jth; $PtfhUz;ak; ,y;yhky; bra;fpd;w
jtk;. tpujk;. jpahdk; g{i$
Kjypaitbay;yhk; khah $hyk; vd;Wk;
gpunah$dkpy;yhj bray;fs; vd;Wk; vLj;Jf;
fhl;odhh;/ Mjutw;w ViHfspd;
grpahw;Wjiy kpft[k; tw;g[Wj;jpdhh;/ bgha;ahj
tha;ikfns g[fd;wpLjy; ntz;Lk;/ g[fd;wgo
g[fd;wgo g[hpe;jpLjy; ntz;Lk; vd;wth;
ts;syhh;/ tlY}h; thrpfs; 80 fhzp epyk;
jhdkhfj; je;jhh;fs;/ me;jg; gue;j btspapy;
1867k; Mz;L nk khjk; 23k; ehs; tlY}hpy;
jUkr; rhiy bjhl';fpdhh;/ jUkr;
rhiyf;F mof;fy; ehl;L tpHht[k; jpwg;g[
tpHht[k; xnu ehspy; bra;j bgUika[k;
mtUf;nf cz;L/
1870k; Mz;L ,uhkyp';f ts;syhh;
tlY}iu tpl;L mUnf ,Uf;Fk; nkl;Lf;
Fg;gk; vd;w fpuhkj;jpw;Fg; ngha; tpl;lhh;/
itztf; FUkhh;fs; te;jhy;
j';Ftjw;bfd;W jdpahf itf;fg;gl;oUe;j
xU Foiria mtUf;Fj; je;jhh;fs;/
13
me;jf; FoYf;Fr; rpj;jp tshfk; vd;W bgah;.

m';fpUe;J bfhz;nl tlY}hpy; "hd rig
xd;wpid epWtpdhh;/ 1872k; Mz;L $dthp
25k; ehs; "hdrig jpwf;fg;gl;lJ/ 1872k;
Mz;L Vg;uy; 18k; ehs; xnu ,utpy; 1596
thpfs; bfhz;l mUl;bgU";n$hjp mftiy
vGjpaUspdhh;fs;/
1873 mf;nlhgh; khjk; 22k; ehs; Kjd;
Kjyhf nkl;Lf; Fg;gj;jpy; rd;khh;f;ff;
bfho fl;og; ngUgnjrk; xd;wpid
epfH;j;jpdhh;fs;/ 1873 fhh;j;jpif khjk;
bgsh;zkpad;W jhd; cs;ns itj;jpUe;j
jpUtpsf;if btspapy;; itj;J mjidj;
jilglhJ Muhjpf;Fk;gof; fl;lisapl;lhh;fs;/
Kothf 1874k; Mz;L $dthp 30k; ehs; ,ut[
12 kzpf;F me;jf; Foirapy; gyh;
Kd;dpiyapy; cs;ns EiHe;J cl;fjit
mth; rhj;jp cs;ns jhspl;Lf; bfhz;lhh;/
md;gh;fis nehf;fp btspf; fjitj;
jhspl;Lf; bfhs;Sk;gof; fl;lisapl;lhh;/
mg;nghJ mth; TwpajhtJ/
@ehd; cs;ns gj;J gjpide;J jpdk;
,Uf;fg; nghfpnwd;/ ghh;j;J mtek;gpf;if
milahjPh;fs;/ xUf;fhy; ghh;f;f neh;e;J
ghh;j;jhy; ahUf;Fk; njhd;whJ btWk;
tPlhfj;jhnd ,Uf;Fk;go Mz;lth;
14
bra;tpg;ghh;/ vd;idf; fhl;of; bfhlhh;/@

(ciueil gf;fk; 555)
gpd;dh; mth; TwpaJ nghyj; bjd;
Mh;f;fhL khtl;l Ml;rpahsh; jpU/ J.H.
fhh;!;od;. I.C.S., mth;fs; fjitj; jpwe;J
ghh;j;jhh;/ me;j miw btw;wiwahf
,Ue;jJ/ murh';f fb!l;ony ,e;jr;
bra;jpia me;j Ml;rpahsh;
btspapl;oUf;fpwhh;/
,J mtuJ tuyhw;Wr; RUf;fk;/
ehk; ,';nf ftdpf;f ntz;oaJ xd;W
kpf kpf Kf;fpakhdJ vd;dbtdpy;
kw;wth;fSila njfk; nghy ts;syhhpd;
njfk; kz;zpy; rkhjp itf;fnth jPapypl;L
vhpf;fnth fpl;lntapy;iy/ mtUila
njfkhdJ Rj;j gpuzt "hdnjfkhf
khwpajhy; ,d;Wk; mth; jd; njfj;Jld;
,Ue;J bray;gl;L tUfpd;whh;/ mtuJ
bray;ghl;oid. ,Ug;igg; gyh; ,d;Wk;
czh;e;J Mde;jj;Jld; mtiug; gutp
thH;j;jp tUfpd;wdh;/
,e;j kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;t[ vd;gJ
vd;d> ekJ Kd;ndhh;fs; gpwthik ntz;Lk;
vd;W ,iwtdplk; ntz;odhh;fs;/
ahuhapUe;jhYk; xUtuJ njfkhdJ
kz;zpw;nfh beUg;g[f;nfh ,iuahFkhdhy;
me;j njfj;jpy; bra;j tpidf;nfw;g kW
15
gpwtp vLj;nj jPUk; vd;gJ ts;syhh; thf;F/

vdnt gpwthik ntz;Lkhdhy; ,wthik
ntz;Lk;/ gpwthikf;F tHp ,wthik vd;W
nghjpj;jth; ts;syhh;/ ,wthik bgw;wtUk;
ts;syhnu Mthh;/ ,wthikia mth; vt;thW
bgw;whh; vd;gjida[k; ehk; vt;thW bgwyhk;
vd;gjida[k; tps';fpf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/
16
rpe;jpf;f ntz;oa rpe;jidfs;
,e;j cyfk; vg;nghJ njhd;wpaJ>

vt;thW njhd;wpaJ> ,ijj; njhw;wpaJ ahh;>
,ut[ gfy; vg;go cz;lhfpwJ> $Ptd;fs;
vt;thW njhd;wpd> ,Jtiu ehk; v';nf
,Ue;njhk;> ehk; vd;d Mfg; nghfpnwhk;> ehk;
,we;j gpd; ek; epiy vd;d> ehk; ahh;>
ekf;Fs;ns caph; v';nf ,Uf;fpwJ> mJ
Vd; ek;ik tpl;Lg; gphpfpwJ> vt;thW
gphpfpwJ> Vd; gphpa ntz;Lk;> gphpahky;
itj;Jf; bfhs;s Koahjh> kW gpwtp
cz;lh>
ek; Kd;ndhh;fspy; gyh; ,t;thW
rpe;jpj;jhh;fs;/ ,e;jr; rpe;jidapd; gyd;
jhd; "hd mwptpd; njhw;wk;/ ,e;jr;
rpe;jidahsh;fns "hdpfs;/ ,th;fs; j';fs;
cliyg; gytpjkhf Muha;r;rp bra;jhh;fs;/
gy cz;ikfisf; fz;lwpe;jhh;fs;/ gy
rhjidfisr; bra;jhh;fs;/ cz;ikiaf;
fz;lwptjw;fhfg; gyh; kidtp. kf;fs;.
brhj;J. Rfk; midj;jpida[k; Jwe;J
fhdfk; brd;W fLe;jtk; g[hpe;jhh;fs;/ ,e;j
"hdpfs; kf;fSf;F cz;ikia
czh;j;Jthd; ntz;o gy mhpa E}y;fis
17
,aw;wpdhh;fs;/ mit midj;Jk; mwpt[g;

bgl;lf';fshf ek;ik thH;tpf;fpd;wd/
mUshsh;fshy; vGjg; bgw;w ntj';fs;.
Mfk';fs;. g[uhz';fs;. ,jpfhr';fs;.
jpUf;Fws;. Mj;jpr;N:o. bfhd;iwnte;jd;.
ey;tHp. njthuk;. jpUthrfk;. jpUg;g[fH;
nghd;w gy Mapuf;fzf;fhd ePjp E}y;fSk;
gf;jp E}y;fSk; fzf;fpyl';fh/
xsitahh;. jpUts;Sth; nghd;nwhh;
kf;fSf;F ePjp E}y;fis tH';fp kf;fis
bewpg;gLj;jg; ghLgl;ldh;/
mUshsh;fs; gf;jpia tsh;j;jdh;/
Mya';fs; vGg;gpdh;/ rka';fis
cz;lhf;fpdh;/ flt[isg; gw;wpa[k; mtiu
milaf;Toa khh;f;f';fisg; gw;wpa[k;
nghjpj;jdh;/ rl';FfSk; rk;gpujha';fSk;
tFf;fg;gl;ld/ ek; Kd;ndhh;fs; kf;fisj;
jpUj;j. ey;tHpg;gLj;j mUk;ghLgl;ldh;/
mUshsh;fs; thpirapy;. 19k;
E}w;whz;oy; njhd;wpa jpUtUl;gpufhr
ts;syhh; vd;W nghw;wg;gLk; tlY}h;
,uhkyp';f mofs;/ ,Jtiu
kiwf;fg;gl;oUe;j gy cz;ikfis
btspg;gLj;jpaJld; ahUk; Twhj gy
fUj;Jf;fisf; Twpdhh;/
kdpjd; vij ,He;jhYk; caph; thH
Koa[k;/ capiuna ,He;J tpl;lhy;> thH;tpd;
18
vy;iy kuzk; jhd;/ capiu tpl nkyhdJ

vJ> ve;j $PtDk; capiutpLtjw;Fr;
rk;kjpg;gjpy;iy/ caph; thHnt Mirg;gLk;/
vd;whtJ xU ehs; kuzk; te;nj jPUk;
vd;W mwpe;jpUe;Jk; mjidj; jLf;f tHp
njlhky; khz;L nghfyhkh vd;W ts;syhh;
tpdtpdhh;/ me;j kuzj;ij bty;y Koa[kh
vd;W Ma;t[ bra;jhh;/ ve;bje;j tHpfspy;
kdpjd; kuzj;ijr; re;jpf;fpwhd; vd;W
rpe;jpj;jhh;/ me;j tHpfisbay;yhk;
milj;jhh;/ vg;nghJ nfl;lhYk; ,y;iy vd;W
Twhky; Mk; ,Uf;fpd;whh; vd;W TWk;go
thH;f;ifia mikj;Jf; bfhz;lhh;.
btw;wpa['; fz;lhh;/
rhkhwidj;Jk; jtph;j;jp';F vdf;nf
MkhW mUspa mUl;bgU";n$hjp
(mfty;)
gpzp. K:g;g[. gak;. Jd;gk; Mfpa ehd;Fk;
vt;thW kdpjid milfpd;wd ? mtw;iw
vt;thW jLf;f ,aYk;/ ts;syhh; tHpapy;
ehKk; Ma;t[ bra;nthk;/
19
gpzp
kdpjg; gpwg;ig kpf kpf cah;e;j
gpwg;ghfg; ngrp tUfpd;nwhk;/ fy;tp; mwpt[
bgwf;Toa xnu $Ptd; kdpjd; jhd;/
vt;tst[jhd; cah;e;j epiyapy; thH;e;jhYk;
gpzpf;F Mshfhj kdpjnd ,y;iy vdyhk;/
bghpa gzf;fhud;. trjp kpf;ftd;/
bry;tk; Vuhskhf ,Ue;Jk; xd;Wk; rhg;gpl
Koahky; nfhJikf; f";rp Fof;fpwhd;/
new;W tiu ed;whf ,Ue;jhnu vd;d
Mapw;W vd;why; vjph;ghuhky; khuilg;g[
Vw;gl;Ltpl;lJ khz;L nghdhh; vd;fpwhh;fs;/
jiyRw;wy; ? kaf;fk; ? nfl;lhy;
,uj;j mGj;j neha; vd;fpwhh;fs;/ if fhy;
RthjPdkpHe;J ghhpr nehahy; thLnthh;
vz;zpf;if fzf;fpyl';fh/
kdpjdpd; kuzj;jpw;F Vnjh xU gpzp
fhuzkha; mikfpd;wJ/ fha;r;ry;. mk;ik.
fhkhiy. the;jpngjp. ,uj;j mGj;jk;.
rf;fiu tpahjp. ghhpr tha[. khuilg;g[ nghd;w
gytpjkhd neha;fspy; Vnjh xd;W
kuzj;jpw;Ff; fhuzkhfpd;wJ/
rpfbul; g[ifapiy nghd;wtw;why;
Fzg;gLj;j kUe;nj ,y;yhj g[w;W neha;
tUfpwJ/ yl;rf; fzf;fhndhh; ,e;j nehahy;
20
khz;L nghfpd;whh;fs;/ caph; thH rpfbul;.

g[ifapiy. Kjypait mtrpakh ? rpe;jpj;Jg;
ghU';fs;/ tPz; bryt[ kl;Lky;y ? bgUk;
Mgj;ij my;yth tpiy bfhLj;J
th';Ffpnwhk;/ Kot[ ek; capiu
,Hf;fpd;nwhk;/ njit jhdh>
kJ mUe;Jjy; mJ nky;ehl;Lr;
ruf;fha; ,Ue;jhYk; fs;sr; rhuhakha;
,Ue;jhYk; fy;yPuiyg; ghjpj;J kuzj;ij
tpistpf;fpwJ/ FLk;gKk; rPuHpfpwJ ? ,J
njitjhdh/
bfhGg;g[ rj;J mjpfKs;s cztpdhYk;
mjpf nfhgk; Kjypa Fz';fshYk; ,uj;j
mGj;j neha; cz;lhfpwJ ? ,jd;
bjhlh;ghf ghhpr tpahjpa[k;. khuilg;g[;
nghd;wita[k; Vw;gLfpd;wd/ gf;Ftkhd
cztpdhYk; rhe;j Fzj;jpdhYk;
,e;neha;fis Kw;wpYk; jtph;f;fyhnk/
khuilg;g[. ghhpr tha[ nghd;w
ga';fukhd neha;fl;F Kf;fpa fhuzk; khkpr
czt[/ ,ij xHpj;Jtpl;lhy; ,e;j
neha;fisa[k; xHpj;J tplyhnk/
ekJ K:jhijah; Myak; brd;W tyk;
tUk;goa[k; etf;fpufj;ij 108 Kiw Rw;wp
tUkhWk; gzpj;jhh;fs;/ ,ja neha; tuhky;
,Ue;jJ/ jw;bghGJ ,ja neha; te;j gpwF
xU ehisf;F xU kzp neukhtJ lhf;lh;
21
elf;fr; brhy;fpwhh;/ kf;fs; $hf;fp'; ngha;

tUfpd;whh;fs;/ ekJ Kd;ndhh; tUKd;
fhj;jhh;fs;/
guk;giuahf tUk; tpahjpfSk; cz;L ?
gHf;f tHf;fj;jpdhy; tUk; tpahjpfSk;
cz;L ? Fzf;nfLfshYk; tpahjpfs;
tUfpd;wd/ cz;Qqk; cztpd; mgf;Ft
epiyahYk; gpzpfs; tUfpd;wd/ kuzj;ijj;
jtph;f;f ntz;Lkhdhy; gpzpfisj; jtph;f;f
ntz;Lk;/ @nehaw;w thH;tpy; ehd; thH
ntz;Lk;@ vd;W bja;tkzp khiyapy;
ts;syhh; ghLthh;/ mjw;F xnu tHp ehk;
vr;rhpf;ifahf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;/ mt;thW
,Ue;jhy; neha;fisj; jtph;f;f Koa[k;/
ek;Kila bgUkhdhh; Twpa[s;s
mwpt[iufisg; goj;J mt;thW ele;jhy;
gpzpfisj; jtph;j;J thHyhk;/
mg;go vr;rhpf;ifahf ,Ue;jhYk; rpy
gpzpfs; thuhky; ,uh/ mf;fhy';fspy; vd;d
bra;a ntz;Lk;/ kuzkpyhg; bgU thH;t[
bgw;w ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; bgaiur; brhd;dhy;
gpzpfs; gwe;njhog; nghFk;/ Mjhuk;
thuhj ty;tpid neha; te;jhYk; td;ikbahL
nruhj ghtbky;yhk; nrh;ejhYk; jPuhbjd;W
Mh; brhd;dhh; v';fs; mUl;gpufhrg; bgUkhd;
ngh; brhd;dhy; nghnk gpzp
22
,J moath; thf;F ? ts;syhh; ngh;

brhy;nthk; gpzp eP';fp; thH;nthk; tsh;nthk;/
czt[:
ruhrhp 2400 fnyhhp btg;gk; xU
ehisf;F xU kdpjDf;Fj; njitg;gLtjhf
tp";"hdk; TWfpd;wJ/
ehk; czt[ cz;Qqfpd;nwhk;/ ek;
clypYs;s cWg;g[fs; me;j czit
$Puzpj;J mjpypUe;J rf;jpia vLj;Jf;
bfhz;L rf;ifia btspnaw;Wfpd;wd/
g{kpapy; gpwe;jJ Kjy; ,wf;fpd;w tiu ,e;j
clYf;F czt[ mtrpak; njitg;gLfpd;wJ/
ehk; ve;j ntiy bra;jhYk; me;j
ntiyf;F Vw;g ek; clypYs;s rf;jp
brytHpfpd;wJ/ me;j ,Hg;ig <L bra;tJ
ehk; cz;Qqk; cznt/
thj gpj;j rpnyj;Jkk; ekJ clypy;
ve;j mstpw;F ,Uf;f ntz;Lnkh me;j
mstpy; mij itj;jpUf;f ntz;Lk;/ me;j
K:d;wpy; vJ TodhYk; Fiwe;jhYk; neha;
bra;a[k; vd;W kUj;Jth;fs; TWfpd;wdh;/
,e;j K:d;wpida[k; mjpfhpf;fr; bra;tJk;
Fiwar; bra;tJk; czt[jhd;/; ,Jjhd;
cz;ik/ vdnt ehk; cz;Qqtjpy; fhl;Lk;
Mh;tk; vt;tsnth mt;tst[ ftdk; cztpy;
brYj;j ntz;Lk;/
23
ahh; xUth; Kd; cz;l czt[ ed;whfr;

rPuzkhfptpl;lJ vd;W mwpe;J mjd; gpd;
cz;Qqfpd;whnuh mth; clYf;F ve;j
kUe;Jk; njitg;glhJ vd;fpd;whh;
jpUts;Sth;/
@kUe;bjd ntz;lhthk; ahf;iff;F

mUe;jpaJ mw;wJ nghw;wp czpd; @
gpwe;jJ Kjy; ,wg;gJ tiu czt[

njitg;gLfpd;wJ/ gj;jpy; xd;gJ g';F
Ma[s; ec;&lk; cztpdhy; Vw;gLfpd;wJ
vd;fpwhh; ts;syhh;/ cz;Qqtjpy; Mh;tk;
mjpfk;/ ehk; cz;Qqk; czt[ ey;y czth;
mjdhy; clk;g[f;F VnjDk; nfLz;lh
vd;bwy;yhk; rpe;jpg;gjpy;iy/ Ritia kl;Lk;
njLfpd;nwhk;/ cztpy; ehk; vr;rhpf;ifahf
,y;yhky; m$hf;fpuijahf ,Ug;gjhy; gytpj
neha;fSf;F Mshfpnwhk;/ ehk; ve;j czit.
vg;nghJ vt;tst[ cz;gJ vd ts;syhh;
vGjpa[s;shh;/ czitg; gw;wpa ts;syhhpd;
mwpt[iuia Vw;W mjd;go ele;J gpzpiaj;
jtph;g;nghkhf/
1/ fhiyapy; vGe;jt[ld; fhgp
my;yJ O Fof;fpnwhk;/ mijj; jtph;f;f
ntz;Lk;/ mjw;Fg; gjpyhf @bghw;wiyf;
ifahe;jfiu my;yJ fhpryh';fz;zp ,iy
24
xU g';F. J}Jis ,iy. KRKRf;if

,iy fhy; g';F. rPufk; fhy; g';F
,itfis xd;whfr; nrh;j;Jr; N:uzkhfr;
bra;J bfhz;L mjpy; xU tuhfd; vil
(xU nlgps; !;g{d;) xU nrh; (400 kp/yp/) ey;y
$yj;jpy; nghl;L mjDld; xU nrh; gRtpd;
ghy; tpl;Lf; fye;J mjpYs;s xU nrh;
$yKk; Rz;lf; fha;r;rp me;jg; ghypy; ehl;Lr;
rh;f;fiu fye;J rhg;gply; ntz;Lk;/
(ciueil gf;fk; 334)
2/ grp fz;lt[ld; jil bra;ahky;
Mfhuk; bfhLj;jy; ntz;Lk;/ Mfhuk;
bfhLf;Fk;nghJ kpFe;j MyrpaKkhfhJ
kpFe;j jPtpuKkhfhJ/ Kjw;gl;rk; rPufr; rk;gh
mhprp md;wpg; g[d;bra; tpist[k; fhuhprpa[k;
jtpu nehpl;l mhprpapd; tiffs; MFk;/ mJ
nrhwhFk;nghJ mjpf befpH;r;rpa[k; MfhJ
mjpff; fodKk; MfhJ/ eLj;jukhfpa
nrhw;iw mf;fpdp mst[f;F mjpfg;glhkYk;.
Fiwt[glhkYk;. mwpe;J cz;Qqjy; ntz;Lk;/
MapDk; xU gpo Fiwe;j gl;rnk ed;ik/
ngh$dk; bra;j gpd;dh; ey;y ePh; Foj;jy;
ntz;Lk;/ me;j ey;y ePUk; bte;ePuhjy;
ntz;Lk;/ mJt[k; mjpfkhff; FoahjpUj;jy;
ntz;Lk;/
3/ fpH';F tiffs; cz;zhky; ,Uf;f
ntz;Lk;/ mtw;wpy; fUizf; fpH';F
25
khj;jpuk; bfhs;Sjy; TLk;/ gH tiffs;

cz;zhjpUj;jy; ntz;Lk;/ mtw;wpy; ngad;
thiHg; gHk;. u!;jhsp thiHg; gHk; ,it
neh;e;jhy; rpwpJ bfhs;st[k; TLk;/ giHa
fwpfisf; bfhs;shjpUj;jy; ntz;Lk;/
gjhh;j;j';fspy; g[sp. kpsfha; rpwpnj nrh;j;jy;
ntz;Lk;/ kpsF. rPufk; mjpfkhfr; nrh;j;jy;
ntz;Lk;/ fLF nrh;g;gJ mtrpaky;y/ cg;g[
Fiwthfnt nrh;j;Jf; bfhs;sy; ntz;Lk;/
md;wp ve;j tifapYk; cg;g[ kpFjpahff;
bfhs;shky; cghakhff; bfhs;StJ njfk;
ePog;gjw;F VJthk;/ jhspg;gpy; gR btz;bza;
nehpl;lhy; jhspf;f ntz;Lk;/ neuhj gT&j;jpy;
ey;byz;bza; rpwpJ nrh;f;ft[';TLk;/
fj;jphpf;fha;. thiHf;fha;. mtiuf;fha;.
KU';iff;fha;. gPh;f;f';fha;. fypahzg;
g{Rizf;fha;. g[ly';fha;. J}Js';fha;.
bfhj;jtu';fha; ,itfisg; gjhh;j;jk;
bra;jy;TLk;/ til. mjpurk;. njhir.
nkhjfk; Kjypa mg;gth;f;f';fs;
bfhs;sg;glhJ/ Vf njrj;jpy; rpwpJ
bfhs;st[';TLk;/ rh;f;fiug; bgh';fy;.
jjpnahjdk;. g[spr; rhjk; Kjypa
rpj;jpuhd;d';fs; bfhs;sg;glhJ/ Vf njrj;jpy;
rpwpJ bfhs;syhk;/ fhprpyh';fz;zpf; fPiu.
J}Jtisf; fPiu. Kd;idf; fPiu. griyf;
fPiu. KU';iff; fPiu ,itfisg;
26
gUg;nghL nrh;j;Jk; kpsnfhL nrh;j;Jk;.

g[spapl;Lk;. jdpj;Jk; fwp bra;J
bfhs;st[';TLk;/ g[spj;j japh; nrh;j;jy;
TLk;/ gUg;g[ tiffspy; Kisfl;lhj
Jtuk;gUg;g[ my;yJ Kis fl;od Jtuk;
gUg;g[ kpsF nrh;j;Jf; filjy;. Jtl;ly;.
Jitay; bra;jy;. FHk;gply;. ntbwhd;wpy;
Tl;ly; Kjypathfr; bra;J bfhs;st[';TLk;/
ve;j ngh$dj;jpYk; g[yhy; ve;j tifapYk;
g[rpf;fg;glhJ/
,utpy; japh;. fPiu. tha[thd gjhh;j;jk;.
Fsph;r;rpahd gjhh;j;jk; nrh;f;fg;glhJ/ N:lhd
gjhh;j;j';fisna mwpe;J nrh;j;jy; ntz;Lk;/
(ciueil gf;fk; 333?338)
gH";nrhW. gH';fwp. vUikg;ghy;.
vUikj;japh;. nkhh;. bea;. brk;kwpg;ghy;. japh;.
nkhh;. bea;. nfH;tuF. tuF. jpid. rhik.
gUg;g[ tif. mjpurk;. mg;gk;. Rfpak;. Kjypa
rpw;Wz;o. japh;r;nrhW. g[spr;nrhW Kjypa
rpj;jpuhd;dk;. fhuupr;nrhW. Kisf;fPiu.
mfj;jpf;fPiu. Kd;id Kjyhd ,iyf;fwp.
Riu. g{Riz. gw';fp. gPh;f;F. g[ly;. ghfy;.
fLF. g[yhy;. khkprk;Kjypa tpyf;Ffis
ePf;fp tpjpj;jitfis mDrhpj;jy;/
(ciueil gf;fk; 341)
tpUg;ghy; VwhkYk; btWg;ghy;
FiwahkYk; juhR Kidnghy; mstwpe;J
27
me;j mstpd;go mjpf tpiut[k; mjpf

jhkjKkpy;yhjgo rkkhfg; g[rpj;jy;/
(ciueil gf;fk; 343)
$Pth;fl;F the;jp. ngjp. khuilg;g[
Kjypatw;why; nehpLk; Jh; kuz';fs; Mfhuf;
FiwthYk;. kpFjpahYk; mf;fpuk
mjpf;fpukj;jhYk; bghUe;jyhYk; ,it
nghd;w gy;tiff; bfLjpahYk;
cz;lhfpd;wd/ ,J ts;syhh; thf;F
(ciueil gf;fk; 424)
bea;. ghy;. japh;. nkhh; ,itfis
Mfhuj;jpy; tpnrc&k; nrh;g;gJ njf ec;&lk;/
$yj;ij 5y; 3. my;yJ 5y; 2 ghfk;
epw;ff; fha;r;rp. rh;f;fiu. bty;yk;;
,itfisr; nrh;j;Jf; Fof;fyhk;/ ,itfs;
njf tpUj;jp bra;a[k;/ Rj;j rd;khh;f;f
kugpw;FhpaJ ,dpg;g[j;jhd;/ Mjyhy; njd;.
rh;f;fiu. bty;yk;. fw;fz;L ,itfis
Mfhuj;jpy; nrh;j;Jf; bfhs;tJ cj;jkk;/
njf ec;&lk; bra;tJ cg;g[/ cg;igf;
fl;o Mfhuj;jpy; nrh;g;gJ rpj;j khh;f;fk;/
rh;f;fiu ve;jf; fhyj;jpYk; g[Gf;fhJ.
Mjypd; cj;jk Mfhukhk;/ kw;w t!;j;Jf;fs;
vy;yhk; g[Gf;Fk;/ (ciueil gf;fk; 430)/
rhjk;toj;Jr; rhg;gpLjy; eykh.
bgh';fpr; rhg;gpLjy; eykh vdpy; toj;Jr;
rhg;gpLtJ mjpYs;s vz;bza; ngha;
28
tpLtjhy; eyk;/ bgh';Ftjpy; vz;bza;

nghfhJ/ jhkr Fzk; cz;lhFk;/ ,Jnghynt
cg;g[. g[sp. kpsfha; Kjypa t!;Jf;fspd;
vz;bza; nghfr; Rl itj;Jr; rhg;gpLjy;
ntz;Lk;/ (ciueil gf;fk; 431)
fhprhiyia jpde;njhWk; gr;irahf
thtJ. rikay; bra;jy; Kjypa
tifahyhtJ rhg;gpl;L tu ntz;Lk;/ gpujk
cs;Slk;ig ePof;fg; gz;Qqk;/ vt;tpjj;
je;jpuj;jhyhtJ jpdk; jpdk; cl;bfhz;lhy;.
njff; bfLjpahfpa mrf;jk; eP';fp. njfk;
tYt[s;sjha; beL ehisf;F ,Uf;Fk; Kf;jp
miltjw;Fr; rfhakha[kpUf;Fk; (ciueil
gf;fk; 432)/
Ritapd; kPJ Mh;tk; fhl;Ltijtpl
ve;j czit. ve;j neuj;jpy;. ve;j mst[.
ve;j tifapy; cz;z ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy;
kpFe;j mf;fiu fhl;o Mnuhf;akhd thH;t[
thH ek; ts;sw; bgUe;jif gzpj;Js;sthW
cz;Qqnthnkahdhy; gpzpfisj; jtph;f;fyhk;/
Ma[isa[k; tsh;f;fyhk;/ nehaw;w thH;t[
thHyhk;/
29
Fz';fs;
gpwtpf; Fzk; vd;gJ ,ay;ghfnt
gpwtpapnyna mikfpd;wJ/ ,jw;F Kw;gpwg;gpy;
bra;j tpidfns fhuzk; Mfpd;wd/
@xU jha; je;ijf;F xU fhyj;jpy;
,ul;ilg; gps;isfs; gpwf;fpd;wd/ mtw;Ws;
xU gps;is rpte;jJ/ xU gps;is fWj;jJ/
xU gps;is m';fg;; gGJs;sJ/ xU gps;is
m';fg; gGjpy;yhjJ/ ,e;j ,ul;ilg;
gps;isfSf;F K:d;W tajpy; jpd;gz;l';fs;;
itj;Jj; jpd;Dfpd;w jUzj;jpy; ,t;tpuz;L
gps;isfs; jtpu. ntW gps;is xd;W te;jhy;
mijf; fz;L ,t;tpUthpy; xU gps;is jd;
ifapypUf;fpd;w jpd;gz;lj;ijf; bfhLf;
fpd;wJ/ kw;bwhU gps;is bfhLf;fg;glh
bjd;W jLf;fpd;wJ/ ,e;jg; gps;isfSf;Fj;
jia. md;g[. mwpt[. bra;if Kjypaitfs;
jha; je;ijah;fs; fw;gpf;fhj fhyj;jpy;
jhnd cs;sjhft[k;. ,y;yhjjhft[k; vg;go
te;jJ vd;W tprhhpf;fj; bjhl';fpy; ,e;j
,uz;L gps;isfSf;Fk; Kw;gpwg;gpy; vLj;j
njfj;jpypUe;j thrid ,e;jg; gpwg;gpy;
,e;jj; njfj;jpy; fw;gpahky; te;jbjd;Wk;
30
mDgtj;jhy; fUjpawpa ntz;Lk;/ (ciueil

gf;fk; 148)
Fz';fs; ey;y Fzk;. bfl;l Fzk;
vd ,U tifg;gLk;/
fhkk;. Fnuhjk;. nyhgk;. nkhfk;. kjk;.
khr;rh;ak; nghd;wit jPa Fz';fs;/ ,tw;iw
ePf;Fjy; kpf kpf mtrpak;/
xU t!;Jtpdplj;jpy; gw;Wjy; mth/
mij mDgtpf;f ntz;Lk; vd vGe;jJ
Mir/ mjd; kakhjy; fhkk;/ mijj; jd;
trg;gLj;j vGtJ nkhfk;/ ve;j
t!;Jtpdplj;jpYk; nkhfkhjpfspd;wp mth
kakha; epw;wy; ntz;Lk;/ rd;khh;f;fj;jpy;
mtht[k; Vfnjrk; TlhJ/(ciueil gf;fk;
396)
nfhgj;jpd; gpd; tpisnt Fnuhjk;
MFk;/ rpdk; btFsp vd ,uz;lhff; nfhgk;
gphpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ/ rpdk; vd;gJ ahJ>
cs;ntf;fhL/ g[lepahak;nghy;/ ,J njfj;ijr;
rPf;fpuk; ec;&lk; gz;Qqk;/ btFsp vd;gJ
kPir Joj;jy;. fz; rptj;jy;. if Kjypa
cWg;g[f;fs;; Joj;jy;. tha; FHwp nky;tpGe;J
Tt[jy; Kjypad/ ,J Ma[is ec;&lk;
gz;Qqk;/ Mifahy; vt;tifapDk;
nfhgj;jpd; g{h;nthj;jukhfpa rpdk; btFsp
vDk; Tw;iw xHpj;jy; mtrpak;/ (ciueil
gf;fk; 371)
31
,e;jj; jPa Fz';fs; kdpj clypy;

uj;j mGj;j neha; Vw;glf; fhuzkhfpd;wd/
,e;j neha; Vw;gl;lhy; fz; ghh;it ,Hg;g[.
if fhy;fs; brayw;Wg; nghjy;. ghhpr tha[
mfhy kuzj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; khuilg;g[
nghd;w ga';fu tpist[fs; Vw;gLk;/
fs;. fhkk;. bfhiy. fst[. bgha;
,t;ite;Jk; bfhoa Jf;fj;ij cz;L
gz;Qqk;/ ,t;ite;jpYk; bfhiy tpnrc&
ghtk;/ vdpDk; fs; cz;ltDf;Ff; fhkk;
cz;lhfhkypuhJ/ bfhiy bra;aj; Jzpt[
tuhkypuhJ/ fst[ bra;ahkypuhd;/ bgha; ngr
m";rhd;/ Mifahy; ,e;j Ie;ija[k; xHpf;f
ntz;oaJ mtrpak;/ ,jpy; xd;wpid
mile;jtd; MdhYk; mtid kw;wit
bjhluhkypuh/ (ciueil gf;fk; 397)
jPa Fz';fis xHpj;J ew;Fz';
fisf; filg;gpof;f ntz;Lk;/ ehk; filg;
gpof;f ntz;oa ew;Fz';fs; midj;jpida[k;
xGf;f';fshf tiuaiw bra;fpwhh; ts;syhh;/
32
xGf;fk;
cyfj;jpdplj;nj bgWjw;F kpft[k;

mUikahfpa kdpj njfj;ijg; bgw;w
ez;gh;fs; midtUk; ehKk; mwpa
ntz;LtJk; xGf ntz;LtJk; ahbjdpy; :-
@Rj;j rd;khh;f;fj;jpd; mUk;
g[Uc&hh;j;j';fspd; bgUk; gad;fshfpa
vf;fhyj;Jk; ehrk; milahj Rj;jk; my;yJ
Rth;z njfk;. gpuzt njfk;. "hd njfk;
vd;Dk; rhfhf; fyhDgt brhU:g rpj;jpj;
njf';fSk;. jd; Rje;juj;jhy; jj;Jt';fs;
vy;yhtw;iwa[k; elj;Jfpd;w jdpg; bgU
ty;ygKk;. flt[s; xUtnu vd;W mwpfpd;w
cz;ik "hdKk;. fUk rpj;jp. nahf rpj;jp.
"hd rpj;jp Kjypa vy;yhr; rpj;jpfSk;
bgWfpd;w mUl;ngWk; bgw;W thH;fpd;w
nghpd;g rpj;jpg; bgU thH;it miltjw;fhd
Rj;j rd;khh;f;fj; jdpg; bgU bewpiag;
gw;Wtjw;Fhpa cz;ik xGf;f';fspy; ehk;
vy;ytUk; jdpj;jdp xGf ntz;oaJ
mtrpakhfypd; mt;bthGf;f';fs; ,itbad
czu ntz;LtJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;/
33
rd;khh;f;fg; bgUbewpapd; xGf;f';fs;:

1/ ,e;jphpa xGf;fk;
2/ fuz xGf;fk;
3/ $Pt xGf;fk;
4/ Md;k xGf;fk;
,e;jphpa xGf;fk;:
i) "hnde;jphpa xGf;fk; :
1/ ehj Kjypa njhj;jpu';fis cw;Wf;
nfl;ly; ? kw;wit nfshjpUj;jy;/
bfhL";brhy; Kjypait brtp g[fhky;
epw;wy;/
2/ mRj;j';fisj; jPz;lhjpUj;jy;
3/ bfhL:ukhfg; ghuhjpUj;jy;
4/ Urpapd; kPJ tpUg;gkpd;wp ,Uj;jy;
5/ Rfe;jk; tpUk;ghjpUj;jy;
ii) fUnke;jphpa xGf;fk; :
1/ ,dpa thh;j;ijahLjy;
2/ bgha; brhy;yhjpUj;jy;
3/ $Pt,k;i! nehpL';fhy; vt;tpjj;
je;jpuj;jhyhtJ jil bra;jy;
4/ bghpnahhplj;jpy; bry;Yjy; vd;why;
rhJf;fsplk; ghpr;rak; gz;Qqjy;
34
5/ caph;f;F cgfhpf;Fk; epkpj;jk;

r";rhpj;jy;
6/ caph;f;F cgfhu epkpj;jk; ifahy;
cgfhpj;jy;
7/ ky$y cghijfs; mst[ kPwhkYk;
fpukk; FiwahkYk; msitg;nghy;
je;jpu Xc&jpfshYk;. Mfhug;
gf;Ftj;jhYk;. gt[jpfg; gf;Ftj;jhYk;
bra;tpj;jy;/
fuz xGf;fk;:
1/ rpw;rigapd;fz; kdijr; brYj;JtJ/
jtpu kw;bwe;j tif Mghrj;jpYk;
brYj;jhky; ,Gj;J nkw;Fwpj;j
,lj;jpy; epWj;jy;/
2/ gpwh; Fw;wk; tprhhpahjpUj;jy;
3/ jd;id kjpahjpUj;jy;
4/ braw;iff; Fz';fshy; cz;lhfpa
bfLjpfis ePf;fp ,aw;ifahfpa
rj;Jt kakhapUj;jy;
5/ gpwh; nky; nfhgpahjpUj;jy;
6/ jdJ rj;JUf;fshfpa jj;Jt';fis
nfhgpj;jy;
7/ mf;fpuk mjpf;fpukg; g[zh;r;rp bra;ah
jpUj;jy;
$Pt xGf;fk; :
35
vy;yh kdpjhplj;Jk; $hjp. rkak;. Fyk;.

nfhj;jpuk;. N:j;jpuk;. rhj;jpuk;. njrk;.
khh;f;fk;. cah;t[. jhH;t[. Kjypa ngjkw;Wj;
jhdhf epw;wy;/
Md;k xGf;fk; :
vz;gj;J ehd;F E}whapuk; nahdp
ngj';fsplj;Jk; cs;s Md;khf;fsplj;Jk;
,u';fp Md;khnt rigahft[k;. mjd;
cs;bshspna gjpahft[k; fz;L fye;J
g{uzkhf epw;wy;/
,e;j ehd;F xGf;f';fs; jtpu nkYk;
iff;bfhs;s ntz;oait/
1/ ,le;jdpj;jpUj;jy;
2/ ,r;irapd;wp; Efh;jy;
3/ bja;tk; guhty;
4/ gpwt[aph;f;fpu';fy;
5/ bgU';Fzk; gw;wy;
6/ ghog; gzpjy;
7/ gf;jp bra;jpUj;jy;
8/ bghd; tpc&a ,r;ir. bgz; tpc&a
,r;ir. kz; tpc&a ,r;ir Kjypa
vt;tpc&a ,r;irfspYk; ekJ mwpit
Xh; mQqj; Jiza[k; gw;Wtpf;fhky;
,Uj;jy;/
9/ ey;ywpt[
10/ flt[s; gf;jp
11/ caphpuf;fk;
12/ bghJ nehf;fk;
36
13/ jphpfuz mlf;fk;

14/ cz;ik ciuj;jy;
15/ ,d; brhy;yhly;
16/ caph;f;Fgfhpj;jy;
,t;tsita[k; rd;khh;f;f r';fk;
rhh;e;jhh; bfhs;s ntz;oa xGf;f';fshf ek;
bgUkhdhh; tiuaiw bra;fpd;whh;/
Md;khf;fs; gpwtp vLf;Fk; Kd;dnkna
gf;Ftk;. gf;Fth gf;Ftk;. mgf;Ftk; vd
K:d;W tpjkhf mUl; rf;jpahy; gphpf;fg;gl;L
tpl;ld/ kdpjhpYk; ,t;thW K:d;W tif
cz;L/
mgf;Fth;fs; : ,uf;fkw;w muf;f

Fzk; gilj;jth;fs;
nkhf khe;jUk; Mth;/
gf;Fth gf;Fth; : eLj;ju kdpjh; kdjpny
jPa vz;z';fs; vGe;
jhYk; g[wj;nj ey;ytuhf
,Uf;fnt tpUk;g[gth;/
gf;Ft Md;khf;fisj; jpUj;j ntz;oa

mtrpakpy;iy/ mgf;Ft Md;khf;fisj;
jpUj;jnt KoahJ/
,J ey;yJ. ,J bfl;lJ vd;W

czh;e;J bfhz;L ey;ytuhfg; gpwh;
37
vz;Qqk;go elf;f Kaw;rpg;gth;fns gf;Fth

gf;Ftpfs;/ mjhtJ eLj;ju kdpjh;/ ,e;j
eLj;ju kdpjh;fisj; jpUj;jnt jhd;
te;jjhf ts;syhh; TWfpd;whh;/
mfj;nj fWj;Jg; g[wj;J btSj;jpUe;j

cyfuidtiua[k;
rfj;nj jpUj;jpr; rd;khh;f;f r';fj;J
miltpj;jpl mtUk;
,fj;nj guj;ijg; jg; bgw;W
kfpH;e;jpLjw;bfd;nw vidape;j
a[fj;nj ,iwtd; tUtpf;ft[w;nwd;
mUisg; bgw;nwnd/
ts;syhh; gf;jpia kl;Lk; vLj;Jf;

fhl;oa mUshsh; my;y/ kdpjh;fs; Kjypy;
xGf;fkhf thH ntz;Lk; vd;W
xGf;f';fis tiuaWj;jhh;/
Rj;j rd;khh;f;fj;jpw;Fr; bry;y rka
rd;khh;f;fk;. kj rd;khh;f;fk; Mfpa
,uz;ila[k; fPH;g; gofshf vLj;Jf;
fhl;odhh;/ mjhtJ rka rd;khh;f;fk;. kj
rd;khh;f;fk; Mfpa ,uz;ila[k; fle;nj Rj;j
rd;khh;f;fk; mila Koa[k;/
rka rd;khh;f;fk;
38
rka rd;khh;f;fk; vd;gJ rj;Jt Fz

rk;ge;jk; cilaJ/ me;jr; rj;Jt Fz
,ay;g[ vd;dbtdpy; :
1/ bfhy;yhik. 2/ bghWik.
3/ rhe;jk;. 4/ mlf;fk;. 5/ ,e;jphpa
epf;fpufk;. 6/ Md;k ,aw;iff;
Fzkhfpa $PtfhUz;ak; MFk;/
,e;j MW Fz';fis thr;rpahDgtkhfg;
bgw;Wr; brhU:ghDgtkhtnj rka rd;khh;f;fk;/
kj rd;khh;f;fk;:
mLj;jjhf cs;s kj rd;khh;f;fk;
vd;gJ eph;f;Fz yl;rpa KilaJ vd;ghh;/
ntz;Ljy; ntz;lhik ? V';fy; rypg;g[ ?
cwt[ gif tpUg;g[ ? btWg;g[ Mfpa
vjida[k; jd; mfj;nj bfhs;shJ rkkhfg;
ghtpj;jy;/ jha[khd Rthkpfs; nghd;nwhh;
,e;epiy mile;jth;fs; vd;W ts;syhh;
TWfpd;whh;/
Rj;j rd;khh;f;fk;:
,jw;F mLj;j epiyjhd; Rj;j
rd;khh;f;fk;/ ,ij rhjfk; rhj;jpak; vd;W
,uz;L gphpthfg; gphpf;fpd;whh;/ eph;f;Fz epiy
mile;jth;fs; rhjidia nkw;bfhz;lhy;
gyd; clnd fpilf;Fk;/ rhjid Kjph;e;J
rhj;jpauhdhy; mth;fs; nfl;ly;. rpe;jpj;jy;.
bjspjy;. epc;&il Tly; Mfpa ehd;ifa[k;
39
fle;J MU:luhf epw;ghh;fs; vd;fpwhh;/

,th;fns Rj;j rd;khh;f;f Rfepiya[k;.
kuzkpyhg; bgU thH;ita[k; bgw;w Rj;j
rd;khh;f;fpfs; Mth;/
,Jtiu Twpte;j bkhj;j fUj;J
,Jjhd;/
xt;bthU jdp kdpjDk; ,e;jphpa
xGf;fk;. fuz xGf;fk;. $Pt xGf;fk;. Md;k
xGf;fk;. $PtfhUz;a xGf;fk; Mfpa
Ie;jpida[k; cz;ikahd mjp jPtpu
Kaw;rpnahL Vw;Wf; bfhz;L filg;gpof;f
ntz;Lk;/ Rj;j rd;khh;f;fj;jpd; Kd;ndhoahd
rka rd;khh;f;fk;. kj rd;khh;f;fk; Mfpa
,uz;oYk; vLj;Jf; fhl;oa[s;s rj;Jt
eph;f;Fz yl;rpa';fis cz;ikahff; iff;
bfhs;s ntz;Lk;//
epj;jpa xGf;fk;:
ehk; J}';fpbaGe;J ky$yk; fHpg;gJ
Kjy; ,ut[ gLf;Fk; tiu vd;bdd;d bra;a
ntz;Lk; vd;gij neuk; fhyk; Fwpg;gpl;L
tiuaiw bra;Js;shh;/
gy; nja;j;jt[ld; jh;$dp tpuypy;
fhprhiyj; J}s; bfhz;L mz;zhf;fpy;
nja;j;jhy; gpj;jePh;. fgePh; btspahfpf;
fz;bzhsp tpnrcp&f;Fk; vd;gJld; KfKk;
trPfukhFk; vd;fpwhh;/
40
Fof;Fk; ePh:;
Rf;ifr; Rz;zhk;g[ jltpr; Rl;L
njhiyr; Ruz;o J}s; bra;J itj;Jf;
bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/ Ie;J lk;sh; jz;zPh;
vLj;Jr; rpwpjst[ me;jj; J}is
mjpy;nghl;L K:d;W lk;sh; jz;zPh; Rz;Lk;
tiu fha;r;rp kPjk; epw;Fk; ,uz;L lk;sh;
jz;zPh;jhd; Fof;f ntz;Lk;/ ,t;thW bra;a
Koahtpl;lhy; bte;ePuhtJ Fof;f ntz;Lnk
jtpu vf;fhuz'; bfhz;Lk; Fsph;e;j ePiug;
gUff; TlhJ/ ,t;thW bte;ePh; gUFtjhy;
mk;ik. ilgha;L. k";rs;fhkhiy nghd;w gy
neha;fisj; jLf;fyhk;/
Fspg;gJTl ,s";N:Ls;s bte;ePhpy;
jhd; Fspf;f ntz;Lnk jtpu Fsph;e;j ePhpy;
Fspf;ff; TlhJ vd;fpwhh;/
ey;y thH;tpw;F mth; jUk; N:l;Rkk;
,Jnt
Mfhuk; /// 1-2
Jf;fk; /// 1-8
ikJdk; /// 1-16
gak; /// 0
Mnuhf;akhd thH;tpw;F ,t;tst[ vspa tHp
Kiwfis ts;syhh; nghjpj;Js;shh;/
fhkk; vd;gJ Mirapd; bgUf;fkhFk;/
Mztk; khia fd;kk; Mfpa K:d;iwa[k;
Kk;kyk; vd;W TWthh;fs;/ Mztk; vd;gJ
41
ehd;/ mjhtJ Raeyk;/ khia vd;gJ Mir/

ekf;F Vw;gLk; Mir vJthdhYk; mJ
khiana/ cyfpay; Miria mRj;j khia
vd;Wk; Md;kPf Miriar; Rj;j khia
vd;Wk; Twpa[s;shh;fs;/ vdnt khia vd;gJ
Mir/ me;j Miria epiwntw;wpf; bfhs;s
ehk; bra;a[k; fhhpank fd;kk;/ me;jf; fd;kk;
gpwh;f;Fj; jPik tpistpf;Fkhdhy; ghtk;
vd;Wk; jPtpid vd;Wk;. gpwh;f;F ed;ik
gaf;Fkhdhy; g[z;zpak; vd;Wk; ey;tpid
vd;Wk; TWthh;fs;/ ey;tpid jPtpid
vd;git kdpjh;f;F kl;Lnk chpadthFk;/
Vbddpy; Mwwpt[ gilj;j kdpjDf;F
kl;Lnk jd; ,r;irg;gor; bray;g[hpa
Mz;ltdhy; mw;g Rje;jpuk;
mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ me;jr; Rje;juj;ijg;
gad;gLj;jp kdpjd; bray;gLtjhy; ght
g[z;zpak; vd;gd kdpjidr; rhh;fpd;wd/
mjd; gyida[k; kdpjd; mDgtpj;nj Mf
ntz;Lk;/ ,e;j mw;g Rje;jukhdJ K:d;W
tifg;gLk;/
1/ njf Rje;juk;
2/ $Pt Rje;juk;
3/ nghf Rje;juk;
,e;j tpidfis ehk; bra;a[k; tiu
mjw;Fhpa gyid mDgtpg;gnjhL ,e;j
42
tpidfl;nfw;gnt mLj;j gpwtpa[k;

mikfpd;wJ/
mLj;j gpwtp:
gpwtp
kdk; thf;F fhak; Mfpa K:d;wpdhYk;
tpidfs; Mw;wg;gLfpd;wd/ Kd;ng TwpaJ
nghy tpidfs; ghtk; g[z;zpak; vd;W ,U
tifahFk;/ kdjhy; ghtk; bra;jth;fs;
mLj;j gpwtpapy; rz;lhsg; gpwtp vLg;ghh;fs;/
thf;fpdhy; ghtk; bra;jth;fs; mLj;j
gpwtpapy; kpUf';fshfg; gpwg;gh;/ njfj;jpdhy;
ghtk; bra;gth;fs; mLj;j gpwtpapy; kuk;
Kjypa rhPuk; vLg;ghh;fs;/
mjdhy; ,e;jg; gpwtpapnyna
tpidfisf; fisa ntz;Lk;/ mLj;j
gpwtpapy; kdpjuhfnt gpwg;nghk; vd;w
cj;juthjk; fpilahJ/
eaj;jhy; cdJ jpUtUis ez;zhf;

bfhonad; eha[lk;ig
caj;jhd; itnad; koj;jpLntd; koj;jhy;
gpd;dh; cyfj;nj
taj;jhy; ve;j clk;g[ tUnkh vd;d tUnkh
vd;fpd;w
gaj;jhy; Inah ,t;t[lk;igr; Rkf;fpd;nwd;
vk;gu";Rlnu
43
vd;w ghlypy; jd;idg; gw;wpf; TWtJ nghy

ekf;F mwpt[Wj;Jfpd;whh;/ vdnt ehk;
bra;fpd;w ey;tpid. jPtpidf; nfw;gnt
mLj;j gpwtpa[k; mg;gpwtpapy; thH;f;ifa[k;
mika[k;/
gaph;g;g[W fuzg;ghpRfs; gw;gy

caph;j;jpus; xd;bwd ciuj;j bka;r;rptnk
vd;W mftypYk; ,f;fUj;jpid typa[Wj;J

fpd;wdh;/
tpidiaj; jtph;g;gJ vg;go>

ve;jr; Rje;juj;ij ehk; gad;gLj;
jpdhy; tpid ek;ikr; N:H;fpd;wnjh me;jr;
Rje;juj;ij Mz;ltDf;nf mspj;Jtpl;L
jw;Rje;juj;ij ,He;J bray;gLnthkhdhy;
tpidia ehlhky; thHyhk;/ cjhuzj;jpw;F
xU ghly;/
rj;jpak; rj;jpak; mUl;bgU";n$hjpj;

je;ijanu vidj; jh';Ffpd;wPnu
cj;jkkhFk; Ek; jpUr; rK:fj;bjd;
cly; bghUs; Mtpia ctg;g[ld;; mspj;njd;
,j;jif cyfpil mitf;Fk; vd; jdf;Fk;
44
VJk; Rje;juk; ,y;iy ,';fpdp ePh;

vj;jifahapDk; bra;J bfhs;fpw;gPh;
vidg; gs;spbaGg;gp; bka;apd;ge;je;jPnu
ehk; ek;Kila Rje;juj;jpy; ekJ

kdk;nghd nghf;fpy; ey;yJ bfl;lij ehnk
jPh;khdpj;Jf; bfhz;L bray;gLfpnwhk;/
mjdhy; tpidf;F Mshfpnwhk;/ ts;syhnuh
jd; ,r;irahf vija[k; bra;atpy;iy/ kdk;
vd;gJ vy;yhUf;Fk; bghJthd xd;W/ mJ
vy;nyhiua[k; kUl;o mjpl;oj;J itj;Jf;
bfhz;oUf;fpwJ/ ts;syhiua[k; mJ tpl;L
itf;ftpy;iy/ mJ Ml;LtJnghy; ehk;
Mof; bfhz;oUf;fpnwhk;/ ts;syhnuh mij
mlf;fpdhh; ? Mjhuk;
kdbkDnkhh; nga;f; Fu';F klg; gany

kw;wth; nghy; vid epidj;J
kUl;lhnj fz;lha;
,dKw vd; brhy;tHpna ,Uj;jp vdpy;
Rfkha; ,Ue;jpL eP
vd; brhy;tHp Vw;wpiy ahdhnyh
jpidast[d; mjpfhuk; bry;ybthl;nld;
cyf";
rphpf;f cid mlf;fpLntd;
jpUtUshy; fzj;nj
45
edtpy; vid mwpahnah ahbud

,';fpUe;jha;
"hd rigj; jiytDf;F ey;y
gps;is ehnd
ts;syhh; jdJ kdij mlf;fpdhh;/

vy;yh "hdpfSk; vLj;Jf; bfhz;l
mj;jid Kaw;rpfSk; kdij
mlf;Ftjw;Fj;jhd; vd ehk; czu ntz;Lk;/
,Jtiu Twp te;j fUj;Jf;fspd;

rhuk;:
1/ xt;bthU kdpjDk; xGf;fkhf thH

ntz;Lk;
2/ ew;Fz';fspy; Kad;W Kad;W gHf
ntz;Lk;
3/ Mfhuf; fl;Lg;ghL ntz;Lk;
4/ kdpjDf;F Xh; mw;g Rje;juk;
jug;gl;Ls;sJ/ mjdhy;jhd; mtd; ght
g[z;zpak; vd;w tpidf;F Mshfpwhd;/
5/ ght g[z;zpa';fl;F Vw;gnt mLj;j
gpwtp mikfpwJ/
6/ tpidia ,e;jg; gpwtpapnyna
jtph;j;jhy; mLj;j gpwtpiaj;
jLf;fyhk;/
46
cwf;fk;
ek; thH;tpd; bgUk;gFjp J}f;fj;jpnyna
fHpe;J tpLfpd;wJ/ gLj;jJ bjhpa[k; ?
vGe;jJ bjhpa[k;/ ,ilapy; neuk; nghdnj
bjhpahJ/ Mdhy; Rfkhfj; J}';fpndd;
vd;fpnwhk;/ J}';Fk;nghJ ve;jr; Rfj;ija[k;
mDgtpj;jjpy;iy/ Rfkhd J}f;fk; vd;w
brhy; tHf;fj;jpy; kl;Lnk cs;sJ/
xt;bthUtUk; jpdk; MW my;yJ VG kzp
neuk; J}';f ntz;Lk; vd;W kUj;Jth;fs;
TWfpd;wdh;/ Mdhy; ts;syhh; nghd;w
"hdpfnsh J}f;fj;ij xHpf;f ntz;Lk;
vd;W TWfpd;whh;fs;/ clk;gpd; fisg;ig.
nrhh;itg; nghf;f cwf;fk; mtrpakhfpd;wJ/
J}';fp; vGe;jt[ld; ekJ cly; g[jpa
cw;rhfj;Jld; ,a';Ffpd;wJ/ J}f;fk;
,y;iynay; kW ehs; ve;j ntiya[k; bra;a
Koatpy;iy/ clypYk; ey;y typ
Vw;gLfpd;wJ/ ,J xt;bthUtUila cz;ik
mDgtk;/ vdnt J}f;fk; kdpjDf;F kpft[k;
mtrpakhfpd;wJ/
47
Mdhy; ts;syhh; TWtJ vd;d

bjhpa[kh> @J}f;fj;ij xHpj;jhy; Ma[R
tpUj;jpahFk;/ xUtd; xU ehisf;F
,uz;liu ehHpif (xU kzp neuk;) J}';fg;
gHf;fk; bra;thdhdhy; mtd; Mapuk; tUlk;
$Ptpj;jpUg;ghd;@ (ciueil gf;fk; 411)
J}f;fj;ij xHpj;jhy; Ma[R
tpUj;jpahFk; vd;fpwhnu mJ gw;wpr; rpwpJ
Ma;t[ bra;nthk;/
xt;bthU kdpjDk; xU ehisf;Fr;
ruhrhp 21.600 Kiw Rthrpf;fpwhd;/ xU
bgz;zplk; ,Uf;Fk; gpUjptp. mg;g[. nja[.
,akhdd; vDk; tha[ Mfpa ehd;F
jhJf;fSk; Xh; MzplKs;s Mfhak; Md;k
czh;r;rp. gpufpUjp Mfpa K:d;Wk; To
xUkpj;Jr; Rf;fpy Rnuhzpj rk;ge;jg;gl;Lg;
gpz;lkhfpwJ/ (ciueil gf;fk; 361)
xt;bthU Kiw Rthrpf;Fk;nghJk; 12
m';Fyk; gpuhztha[ cs;ns ,Gf;fg;gLfpwJ/
kPz;Lk; btspna tpLk;nghJ tyJ ehrpj;
Jthuk; tHpahf K:r;ir btspna tpl;lhy;
cs;ns ,Gf;fg;gl;l mnj 12 m';Fyf; fhw;W
btspna tUfpd;wjhk;/ mnj neuj;jpy; ,lJ
ehrpj;Jthuk; tHpahf K:r;ir btspna
tpl;lhy; 16 m';Fyk; fhw;W btspna
js;sg;gLfpd;wjhk;/ cs;ns ,Gj;jJ 12
m';Fyk;jhnd btspna 16 m';Fyk; vg;go
48
tu Koa[k;/ kdpj clk;g[ cUthdnghJ

nrh;f;fg;gl;l ,akhdd; vd;Dk; tha[jhd;
TLjyhd 4 m';Fyf; fhw;W/ ,t;thW
xt;bthU Kiwa[k; 4 m';Fyk; ,akhdd;
btspnawpdhy; Kothf kuzk; rk;gtpf;Fk;/
vdnt jhd; "hdpfs; vg;nghJk; tyJ
ehrpj;Jthuk; tHpahfnt Rthrpf;fpd;w
gapw;rpapy; <Lgl;lhh;fs;/
@ve;jf; fhyj;jpy; vJ Fwpj;Jg; gLj;j
nghjpYk; ,lJ ifg; gf;fkhfnt gLj;jy;
ntz;Lk;@ (ciueil gf;fk; 339)
@gLj;J tpHpf;fpw ghpae;jk; ,lf;if
fPHpUf;fr; bra;jy;@ (ciueil gf;fk; 344)
gLf;Fk;nghJ ,lJ if fPHpUe;jhy;
Rthrk; tyJ ehrp tHpahfnt elf;Fk;
,jdhy; Ma[s; tpUj;jpahFk;/
rhjhuz fhyj;ijtpl cw';Fk;nghJ
K:r;R mjpfkhfr; brytHpfpwJ/ Fwl;il
tpLfpd;wth;fisr; rw;W nehf;fpdhy; ,jid
ed;F czuyhk;/ J}';Ftij xa;btLg;gjhf
vz;QqtJ jtW/ ciHg;g[ mjpfkhfnth
fodkhdjhfnth ,Ue;jhy; bgUK:r;R
tUfpwJ/ mJnghy; J}';Fk;nghJk; K:r;R
mjpfkhf tUtjhy; Ma[s; Fiwt[
Vw;gLfpwJ/ ,jdhy;jhd; J}f;fj;ij
xHpj;jhy; Ma[s; tpUj;jpahFk; vd;whh;
ts;syhh;/
49
J}f;fk; ,y;yhtpl;lhy; cly;epiy

ghjpf;Fnk vd;W fUjyhk;/ J}';Fk;nghJ
kdpj K:isapypUe;J cw;gj;jpahFk;
xspf;fjph;fns clw;nrhh;it ePf;fp
cw;rhfj;ijf; bfhLf;fpwJ/ jpahdk;
bra;a[k;nghJk; ,e;j xspf; fjph;fs;
njhd;Wfpd;wd/ 10 kzp neuk; J}';fpdhy;
vt;tst[ xspf; fjph;fs;; njhd;Wnkh mt;tst[
xspf; fjph;fs;; xU kzp neuk; jpahdk;
bra;jhny njhd;wp tpLfpd;wJ/ vdnt xU
kzp neuk; jpahdk; bra;tJ 10 kzp neuk;
J}';Ftjw;Fr; rkkhfpd;wJ/ ts;syhh;
thf;if epidtpy; bfhz;L. J}f;fj;ijf;
Fiwj;Jj; jpahdj;ijg; bgUf;fp Ma[is
tsh;j;Jf; bfhs;nthkhf/
50
K:g;g[
FHe;ijaha;g; gpwe;jtd; tsh;e;J
thypgg; gUtj;ij mile;J Kothf KJik
mile;J epw;gijf; fz;Tlhff;
fhz;fpd;nwhk;/ ,sik epiyahikia
Md;nwhh;fs; gytpjkhf vLj;Jf;
fhl;oa[s;sdh;/ thypgj;jpy; kpLf;fhf ,Ue;j
cly; cWg;g[fs; nja;khdk; milfpd;wd/
Kjypy; ,uj;jj;jpd; jd;ik bfLfpd;wJ/
mjdhy; eiu Vw;gLfpd;wJ/ fz; ghh;it
k';fp tpLfpd;wJ/ fhJ brtpLgLfpd;wJ/
gw;fs; tpHj; bjhl';fp tpLfpd;wd/ cly;
gytPdk; milfpwJ/ Kd;nghy; elf;f
Koatpy;iy/ nfhY}d;wp ele;jhYk;
js;shLfpd;wJ/ vjw;Fk; xU Jiz
njitg;gLfpwJ/ ehs; Mf Mf kuzk;
beU';Ftij czu KofpwJ/
Itpsf;F K:g;g[ kuzhjpfis
epidj;jhy; motapw;iw KWf;fhnjh bfhoa
Kaw;WyfPh; vd;W ts;syhh; rhLthh;/
51
K:g;g[ tUtJ ,aw;ifnaahdhYk;

mjida[k; jLj;J epWj;j Koa[k; vd;Wk;.
vd;iwf;Fk; ,sika[lnd ,Uf;fyhk; vd;Wk;
vLj;Jiuf;fpd;whh; ts;sw; bgUkhdhh;/
vd;nw vd;dpDk; ,siknahoUf;f
ed;nw jUk; xU "hdkh kUe;nj
(mfty;)
jtj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; fdyhdJ clk;ig
ntjpf;Fk;/ J}a clyhdJ me;jj; jtf;
fdypd; ntjpg;gpdhy; Rj;j njfkhf khWk;/
Rj;j njfj;jpd; jd;ik 12 taJ gUtk;
vd;fpd;whh;/ Rj;j njfk; bgw;w xUtdpd;
taJ Mz;Lf; fzf;fpy; vj;jid
MfpapUe;jhYk; mtdpd; cly; jd;ik 12
taJ gUtkhf ,sikahfnt ,Uf;Fk;/
K:g;ghdJ vy;yhg; gpzpfSf;Fk;
fhuzkhf epd;W Kotpy; kuzj;ijj;
jUfpd;wJ/
jtkhdJ K:g;ig tpul;LtJld;
kuzj;ija[k; jtph;j;J tpLfpd;wJ/ ,Jnt
ts;syhh; fhl;Lk; khh;f;fkhFk;/
jpiue;J jpiue;J cSj;jtUk;
jpUk;gt[k; ,sik milayhk; vd ts;sw;
bgUkhdhh; cWjp mspf;fpd;whh;/
tpiue;J tpiue;J mile;jpLkpd; nkjpdpaPhp';nf
bka;ik ciuf;fpd;nwd; ePh; ntW epidahjPh;
jpiue;J jpiue;J cSj;jtUk; ,sikmile;jplt[k;
brj;jth;fs; vGe;jplt[k; rpj;jhly; g[hpa
52
tiue;J tiue;J vy;yhk; bra;ty;y rpj;jd; jhnd

tUfpd;w jUzk; ,J tuk; bgwyhk; ePtph;
fiue;J fiue;J csk; cUfpf; fz;fspy; ePh;
bgUfpf;fUiz elf; flt[is cl;fUJkpndh
fspj;nj
(5583)
ehk; jpUk;gt[k; ,sik mila Koa[k;

vd;W tpsf;fpa ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; jhd;
mt;thW ,sik mile;jjhf vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lfpd;whh;/
tpiue;J tpiue;J go fle;njd; nkw;ghy;

mKjk; tpae;Jz;nld;
fiue;J fiue;J kdk; cUff; fz;zPh;
bgUff; fUj;jyh;e;nj
tiue;J "hd kzk; bgh';f kzp kd;wuirf;
fz;Lbfhz;nld;
jpiue;J befpH;e;j njhYlk;g[k; brGk;bghd;
clk;gha;j; jpfH;e;njnd (5482)
kzp kd;wk; vd;gJ bghw;rig mDgtk;/

me;j mDgtj;jhy; ,sik mile;njd;
vd;fpd;whh; ts;syhh;/
ehKk; ts;syhh; fhl;oa jtj;ij

nkw;bfhz;L jtf; fdyhy; ek; clk;ig
53
ntjpj;jhy; K:g;g[ mile;njhU';Tl kPz;Lk;

,sik bgwyhk;/
gak;
kuzj;ijj; jUfpd;w gpzp. K:g;g[. gak;.

Jd;gk; Mfpa ehd;fpYk; gpzp. K:g;g[ Mfpa
,uz;Lk; clw;gpzpahFk;/ gak;. Jd;gk; Mfpa
gpd;dpuz;Lk; kdjpw;F tUtd MFk;/
Mfhuf; fl;Lg;ghLk;. elj;ijapy;
bgha;glh xGf;fKk; ,Ue;jhy; clw;gpzpiaj;
jtph;j;Jf; bfhs;s Koa[k;/
jtk; bra;jhy; ,uz;lhtjhd K:g;igj;
jtph;j;Jf; bfhs;syhk;/
gak; vd;gJ xU tifapy; ftiy
vd;W Tlr; brhy;yyhk;/ gak; fhuzkhf kd
mjph;r;rpapy; kuzk; mile;njhh; gyUz;L/
,e;jg; gaj;ij vg;go xHpg;gJ>
ve;j neuj;jpYk;. ve;j ,lj;jpYk;
ve;jr; re;jh;g;gj;jpYk; ekf;Fj; Jizahf
,iwtd; ,Uf;fpd;whd; vd;w mGj;jkhd
ek;gpf;if ,Uf;Fnkahdhy; gak; Vw;glhJ/
54
,iwtdplk; ahh; ruzhfjp milfpd;whh;fnsh

mth;fs; ,iwtid ek;gpg; gag;glhky;
,Uf;f Koa[k;/ gaj;ij xHpg;gjw;Fg; gf;jp
xd;nw rpwe;j tHp/ ts;sw; bgUkhdhh;
cd;gjj; Jiz xd;iwna gpoj;njd;.
mjdhy; gag;gl khl;nld; vd;W ghLfpwhh;/
gl khl;nld; Jah; rpwpJk; gl khl;nld; ,dp ehd;

gag;glt[k; khl;nld; Ek;gjj; Jiznagpoj;njd;
tpl khl;nld; Vkhe;J tpl khl;nld; fz; Oh;
bka;ikapJ Ek;khiz tpsk;gpdd; Ek;monad;
bfl khl;nld; gpwh; bkhHpfs; nfl;olt[k;khl;nld;
fpsbuhsp mk;gyj;jhly; tsbuhsp Ek;ky;yhy;
elkhl;nld; vd; csj;nj ehd; rhf khl;nld;
ey;y jpU mUshny ehd; jhd; Mndnd
(4747)
mk;gyj;nj vd; mg;gd; Mfpa

,iwtdpd; mUis ek;g[fpd;w gps;is ehd;/
vdnt gank vd;id tpl;L Xo tpL vd;W
gaj;ij tpul;Lk; cghak; gf;jpna. mUis
ek;g[tnj vd;W tHp fhl;Lfpd;whh; ts;sw;
bgUkhdhh;/
gak; vDk; Xh; bfhLk;ghtpg; gany eP ,Jnfs;

gw;ww vd;wid tpLj;Jg; gdpf; fly;
tPH;e;J xspg;gha;
55
jatpd; ciuj;njd; ,d;Dk; ,Uj;jp vdpy; cdJ

jd; jiyf;Fj; jPk;g[ tUk; jiykl;nlhepdJ
brayhYk; cd; clk;gHpa[k; Rw;wbkyhk; ,wf;Fk;
jPh;e;jjpdp ,y;iy vd;nw jpUthh;j;ij
gpwf;Fk;
maypil neh;e;njhLf eP vd;id mwpahnah
mk;gyj;bjd; mg;gd; mUs; ek;g[ gps;is
ehnd (4850)
rd;khh;f;fj;jpy; Mfhuk; \. epj;jpiu 1-8.

ikJdk; 1-16. gak; 0 g{$;ak; Mfg; bgWjy;
vd;fpwhh; ekJ ts;sw;bgUkhdhh; (ciueil
gf;fk; 344)
gak; 0 vd;why; gakpy;yhky; thH;tJ/
mJ vt;thW rhj;jpakhFk;/ mr;rk; vd;w
gaj;jpw;F xnu fhuzk; ehk; bra;fpd;w
jtWjhd;/ vg;go xU jpUldhdtd;
nghyPirf; fz;L jhnd m";Rfpd;whndh
mt;thnw jtW bra;gtDf;Fj;jhd; mr;rk;
my;yJ gak; Vw;gLk;/ ve;jj; jtWk;
bra;ahjtd; ahUf;Fk; vg;nghJk; m";rj;
njitapy;iy/ gaj;ij ey;y xGf;fj;jpdhy;
jtph;j;Jf; bfhs;syhk;/ kw;wgo tuf;Toa gak;
vJthdhYk;. ehk; ve;jj; bja;tj;ij
tz';Ffpd;nwhnkh me;jj; bja;tj;jpd; kPJ
cz;ikahd mstw;w gf;jpa[k; ek;gpf;ifa[k;
bfhz;L jtph;j;Jf; bfhs;syhk;/
56
ve;jtpj ec;&lKk; ekf;F Vw;glhJ

vd;w cs; mGe;jpa gpuf;i"na r';fy;gk;
vd;W tpsf;fk; jUfpwhh;/ bja;tk; Jiz
,Ug;gjhy; ve;j ,Hg;g[k; Vw;glhJ vd;W
nkbyGe;jthW my;y cs; mGe;jpa Kont
r';fy;gk;/ r';fy;gk; kakhdhy; rpthDgtk;
bgwyhk; vd;fpwhh;/
ve;ij gpuhd; vd; ,iwtd; ,Uf;f ,';nf

vd;d Fiw ekf;bfd;nw ,Wkhg;g[w;nw
ke;j cyfpy; gpwiu xU fhRf;Fk; kjpahky;
epd; mona kjpf;fpd;nwd; ahd;
,e;j monadplj;J cd; jpUt[se;jhd;
vt;thnwh mwpfpnyd; ViHnad; ehd;
rpe;ij kfpH;e;J mUl;FUtha; vd;id
Kd;nd
rpWfhiy Ml;bfhz;l njt njnt
vd;W ghLfpwhh;/
,iwtd; JizapUf;fpwhd; vd;W ahh;
mDgtj;jpy; czh;e;J bfhz;lhh;fnsh
mth;fs; vg;nghJk; gag;gl khl;lhh;fs;/
cs;Sk; g[wKk; ts;sy; JizapUf;f

thl;lnkd; vd;fpwhh; ts;syhh;/
57
,iwtd; Jizia ek;g[nthk;/ xGf;fkhf

thH;nthk;. jtW bra;ahky; thH;nthk;.
jat[ld; thH;nthk;. mr;rk; jtph;j;jhd; vd;W
CJ CJ r';nf vd ts;syhh;
ghoa[s;sJnghy; mr;rk; mjhtJ gak; mw;W
thH;nthk;/
Jd;gk;;
Jd;gk; gytifaha; kdpjDf;F

Vw;gLfpd;wJ. cly; eyf; Fiwt[. bghUs;
ec;&lk;. Vkhw;wk;. kdjpw;Fg; gpof;fhj xU
braiyr; bra;jhf ntz;Lk; vd;w N:H;epiy.
tWik nghd;w gy fhuz';fshy;
Vw;gLfpd;wJ/
@ve;jf; fhyj;jpy; ve;j ,lj;jpy;
ve;jtpjkhf ve;j kl;oy; vij mDgtpf;f
ntz;Lnkh mij me;jf; fhyk; me;j ,lk;
me;j tpjk; me;j kl;Lk; bghUe;jg;
bghrpg;gpf;fpd;wJ/ jpUtUl; rf;jpaha;
,Ue;jhy; ekf;bfd;d Rje;juk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ>
vy;yhk; jpUtUl; rf;jp fhhpak; vd;W mijj;
jpahdpj;J ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;@ (ciueil
gf;fk; 481) vd;fpwhh; ts;syhh;/
58
,e;j cWjp kdjpy; gjpa[khdhy; tUk;

Jd;g';fisj; jh';fpf;; bfhs;s ,aYk;/ mnj
nghy ehk; gLfpd;w Jd;g';fl;Ff; fhuzk;
ehk; Kd; bra;j jPtpidfns/ kdk; g[j;jp
rpj;jk; mf';fhuk; Mfpa me;jf; fuz';fspd;
bray;ghLfl;nfw;gnt ,e;jg; gpwtpapy; ,d;g
Jd;g';fis mDgtpf;fpd;nwhk; vd;w bjspt[
ntz;Lk;/ ,d;g Jd;g';fs; ek;Kila
fuz';fs; Kd;g[ bra;j bray;fshy; ,e;jg;
gpwtpapy; ehk; bgWk; ghpRfs; MFk;
vd;fpd;whh;/
gaph;g;g[W fuzg; ghpRfs; gw;gy

caph;j;jpus; xd;bwd ciuj;j bka;r;rptnk
(mfty;)
Jd;g';fs; tUtjw;F Kd; bra;j

tpidfs; fhuzk; vd;why; mj;Jd;g';fis
mDgtpj;njjhd; Mfntz;Lkh>
,y;iy vd;fpwhh; ek; bgUkhdhh;/ Kd;
tpidia CH; vd;fpnwhk;/ CiH mfw;w
KoahJ mDgtpj;nj Mf ntz;Lk; vd;W
Kd;ndhh; jpl;l tl;lkhf mwptpj;Js;sdh;/
Mdhy; CiH mfw;w Koa[k; vd;fpwhh; ts;sw;
bgUe;jif/
@CiH mfw;w cstwpahg; bgha;ad; ,td;
59
gPiH kdk; ek;ikg; bgwhjk; kdk; bfhoa

jhiH vd vz;zp vd;idj; js;sp tpl;lhy;
vd; bra;ntd;
ViH ehd; xw;wp vGj;jwpa[k; bgUkhnd/ (746)
Jd;gk; eP';Ftjw;Fk; gf;jpna Mjhukhf

cs;sJ vd;gnj cz;ik/
Kothf ehk; czh;tJ ,Jnt:

,Jnt
1/ Mfhug; gf;FtKk; rPhpa Fz';fSk;

clw;gpzpiaj; jtph;f;Fk;/
2/ jtj;jpdhy; K:g;g[ khwp ,sik mila
Koa[k;
3/ gf;jpapdhy; gaj;ija[k; Jd;gj;ija[k;
mfw;wyhk;/ ,it mfd;why; kuzKk;
eP';Fk;/
60
gf;jp
ehk; tz';Fk; ,iwtd; kPJ ehk;

bfhs;fpd;w md;ng gf;jpahFk;/ ,iwtd;
fUizna tothdtd;/ ,iwtid
tHpgLtjw;F ekJ Kd;ndhh; rhpia fphpia
nahfk; "hdk; vd ehd;F bewpfis
tiuaWj;jdh;/ ,tw;wpy; rhpia fphpia
vd;gd g[w tHpghL/ nahfk;. "hdk; Mfpa
,uz;Lk; mf tHpghL/
gf;jp vd;gJ kdbefpH;r;rp kd
cUf;fk; vd tpsf;fk; jUfpwhh;/ ekJ
jpUtUl;gpufhrh;/ ekJ bgUkhdhh; mUspa[s;s
jpUtUl;ghtpy; gf;jp bts;sk; bgUfp
XLtij czuyhk;/
,iwtnd ehd; cd;id tz';fpanj
,y;iy/ cd; kPJ md;g[ bfhz;L cd;idg;
61
ghoanj ,y;iy/ cd; mw;g[j';fs; epiwe;j

E}y;fisg; goj;jjpy;iy/ goj;j ey;nyhh;fs;
cd;idg; g[fHe;J Twpaijf; nfl;lJkpy;iy
gf;jpnahL cdf;Fg; g{khiyahtJ
mzpe;njdh mJt[k; ,y;iy/ kdk; cUf
vd; fz;fspy; ePuhdJ Mwha;g; bgUf cd;
Kd; epd;W mGjJk; ,y;iy/ cd;idj;
bjhGjJk; ,y;iy/ ,tw;wpw;bfy;yhk; fhuzk;
vdJ mf';fhuk;jhd;/ me;j mf';fhunkh xU
rpwpJk; Fiwe;jjpy;iy/ gpw caph;fs; kPJ
ehd; jat[ fhl;oanj ,y;iy/ ehd; cz;ik
ngrpaJk; ,y;iy/ ,uf;f kw;w jo nghy;
my;yth ehd; ,Uf;fpnwd;/ ehd; vt;tst[
bfhoatd; vd;gjw;F ntnw Mjhuk;
njitapy;iy/ vdf;F mUs; jUtjw;nf
cdf;Fj; Jzpt[ ntz;Lk;/ Jzpt[
bfhz;ly;yth vdf;F mUs; mspj;jha; vd
thH;j;Jfpd;whh;/
gzpe;jwpnad; md;g[lnd ghLjYk; mwpnad;

goj;jwpnad; nfl;lwpnad; gf;jpapy; g{khiy
mzpe;jwpnad; kdKUff; fz;fspy; ePh; bgUf
mGjwpnad; bjhGjwpnad; mf';fhuk; rpwpJk;
jzpe;jwpnad; jatwpnad; rj;jpa thrfKe;jhd;
mwpnad; cGe;joj;j joaJ nghypUe;njd;
Jzpe;bjdf;Fk; fUiz bra;j Jiuna
vd;Dsj;nj Rj;j elk;g[hpa[k; rpj;jrpfhkzpna
62
cs;Sk; g[wKk; ts;sy; JizapUf;f

thl;lnkd; vd;ghh;/ gf;jpa[s;sth;fs; ,ij
ed;F czu ntz;Lk;/ Kjypy; g[w
tHpghLjhd; bra;a ntz;Lk;/ Jitjkhf
,Ue;jhy; mj;itjk; jhnd MFk; vd;ghh;/
,iwtd; ntW $Ptd; ntW vd;w epiyjhd;
Jitj epiy/ $PtdhdJ jdJ Fiwfis
ed;F czu ntz;Lk;/ mt;thnw ,iwtdJ
mUik bgUikfisa[k; czu ntz;Lk;/
gf;jpiag; gagf;jp vd;W TWthh;fs;/ gf;jpapy;
gakh vd;W tpdtyhk;/ Mk; gak;jhd;
vg;nghJk; vf;fhyj;Jk; ehk; ,iwtdpd;
ghh;itapy;jhd; ,Uf;fpd;nwhk; vd;gij
czh;e;jhy; ve;jj; jtWk; bra;a khl;nlhk;/
,iwtd; ek;ik ekJ braiy. ekJ
ngr;ir. ekJ vz;z';fis vy;yhtw;iwa[k;
ghh;j;Jf; bfhz;Ljhd; ,Uf;fpwhd; vd;w
mr;r czh;t[ Vw;gLtijj;jhd; ga gf;jp
vdf; Twpdhh;fs;/
jpUtUl;ghtpy; xt;bthU ghl;ila[k;
ftdpj;jhy; gf;jpg; bgUf;fpd; vy;iyiaf;
fhzyhk;/ vy;yhtw;iwa[k; tpsf;f ahuhy;
,aYk;/ ghid nrhw;Wf;F xU nrhW gjk;
vd;W brhy;tJ nghy; xd;wpuz;L ghly;fis
,';F ftdpg;nghk;/
ve;jj; jtWk; ,dpahtJ bra;af;
TlhJ/ xGf;fe;jtwhJ thH ntz;Lk; vd;W
63
gy cWjpfis vLf;fpnwd;/ Mdhy; me;j

cWjpfisg; gyg;gy fhuz';fshy; jtw
tpLfpd;nwd;/ ,t;thW Vw;gLk; vd;
jsh;itbayhk; vLj;Jiuj;jhy; rhe;j
brhU:gpahd cdJ kdj;jpy;Tlr; rpdk;
njhd;wf; TLk;/ mt;thW rpdk; njhd;wpdhYk;
guthapy;iy vd;W vd;Dila
jsh;itbay;yhk; epd;ghy; ciug;gndad;wp
ntW vth;f;fhtJ ciug;ngdh ? mt;thW
ciuf;f ehd; Kw;gl;lhYk; vd; eh vGkh
vd;W jhd; bfhz;l gf;jpia btspg;gLj;J
fpd;whh;/
khbdGe;jhL'; fuj;njha; epd; rhe;j kdj;jpy;rpde;
jhbdGe;jhYk; vGfbtd;nw vd; jsh;itbayhk;
CbdGe;jhh;f;f epd;ghy; ciug;gdd;wp Ch;f;Fiuf;f
ehbdGe;jhYk; vd; eh vGnkh bkhHp ey;fplnt/
cd;dplk; ciug;ngndad;wp ntbwth;f;
fhtJ ciuf;f ehd; Jzpe;jhYk; vd; eh
vGnkh vd;fpwhnu me;j cWjp v';nf>
,e;jj; bja;tj;jpw;Fr; rf;jp mjpfkh
me;jj; bja;tj;jpw;Fr; rf;jp mjpfkh vd;W
Ma;t[ bra;J mof;fo bja;tj;ij khw;wpf;
bfhs;Sk; gf;jh;fis ,f;fhyj;jpy; epiwa
fhz;fpd;nwhk;/ nftyk; gzj;jpw;fhft[k; rpy
mw;gg; gpunah$d';fSf;fht[k; kj';fiana
khw;wpf; bfhs;fpd;whh;fns/ ,e;jg; gf;jp
cz;ikahd gf;jpay;y/ fhhpa gf;jp/
64
,d;Dk; gw;gy ehs; ,Ue;jhYk;

,f; fze;jdpny ,we;jhYk;
Jd;Dk;thd; fjpf;nf g[Fe;jhYk;
nrhh;e;J kh eufj;JHd;whYk;
vd;d nkYk; ,';F vdf;F te;jhYk;
vk;gpuhd; vdf;F ahJ bra;jhYk;
ed;dh; be";rfk; eho epd;nwh';Fk;
ekr;rpthaj;ij ehd; kwntnd/
vd;d te;jhYk; ,iwtid kwthj

gf;jpna cz;ikahd gf;jp/
rpyh; Kd; bra;j tpidapd; fhuzkhf
tWikapy; thlyhk;/ cz;z czt[k; cLf;f
cila[k; Tl ,y;yhky; ,Uf;fyhk;/ Kd;
b$d;khtpy; bra;j fh;ktpidapdhy; ,t;thW
tWikapdhy; thodhYk; ,iwtidf;
nfl;lhy; mt;tsita[k; bgw;Wf; bfhs;s
yhkhk;/
nrhW ntz;oDk; Jfpyzp Kjyhk;

Rf';fs; ntz;oDk; Rfkyhw; Rfkhk;
ntW ntz;oDk; epidaile;jd;wp
nkbthzhbjDk; nkyth; ciuf;nfhh;
khW ntz;onyd; te;J epw;fpd;nwd;
ts;sny cd; jd; kdf; Fwpg;gwpnad;
rhW ntz;oa bghHpy; tlyunr
rj;jpar; rigj; jdpg; bgUk; gjpna
65
clk;gpw;F VnjDk; neha; tUfpd;wjh MH;e;j

gf;jpapdhy; mija[k; ePf;fpf; bfhs;syhk;/
,iwtid ntz;odhy; jPuhj neha[z;lh.
neha; eP';f ,njh xU mUl;gh/
bghy;yhj N:h;f;fpisiaj; joe;jkuh;

gLe;Jaug; g[d;ik ePf;Fk;
ty;yhnd vdJ gpzp eP epidj;jhy; xU
fzj;jpy; khwplhnjh
fy;yhnjd; vdpDk; vid ,fHhnj epdjoah;
fHfk; Tl;lha;r;
bry;yhjhh; typalf;Fk; rp';fg[hpjdpykh;e;j
bja;tf;Fd;nw
,iwtd; vg;nghJk; ekf;Fj; Jiz

ahfnt ,Uf;fpd;whd;/ ,ij czh;e;jth;fns
gf;jpkhd;fs; ? ,iwtdpd; JizapUg;gij
czh;e;jth;fs; vg;go ,Ug;ghh;fs; vd;gij
ekJ ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lfpd;whh;/
ve;ij gpuhd; vd; ,iwtd; ,Uf;f ,';nf
vd;d Fiw ekf;bfd;nw ,Wkhg;g[w;nw
ke;j t[yfpy; gpwiu xU fhRf;Fk; kjpahky;
epd;dona kjpf;fpd;nwd; ahd;
66
,e;j monadplj;Jd; jpUt[se;jhd; vt;thnwh

mwpfpnyd; ViHnad; ehd;
rpe;ij kfpH;e;J mUl; FUtha; vd;id
Kd;nd rpW fhiy Ml;bfhz;l
njtnjnt
,iwtnd cd; gjj;Jiz xd;iwna
gw;wpndd; mjdhy; ,dpj; Jah; rpwpJk; gl
khl;nld;/ ve;jf; fhuz'; bfhz;Lk; gag;glt[k;
khl;nld;/ kw;wth; nghy; Vkhe;J cd;id
tpl;L tpl khl;nld;/ ,J bgha;ahd
thh;j;ijay;y/ rj;jpakhd thh;j;ij/
gpwUila ngr;irf; nfl;Lf; bfl;Lg;
nghfkhl;nld;/ cd;idj; jtpu ntbwhd;iw
vd; cs;sj;nj elkhl;nld;/ ehd; rhf
khl;nld;/ cd;Dila ey;y jpUtUshny ehd;
ePahfnt Mfptpl;nld;/ ,J ts;sw; bgUkhd;
fhl;Lk; tHp/
glkhl;nld; Jah; rpwpJk; glkhl;nld;

,dp ehd; gag;glt[k; khl;nld;
cd; gjj;Jizna gpoj;njd;
tplkhl;nld; Vkhe;J tplkhl;nld;
fz; Oh; bka;k;ik ,J Ek;khiz
tpsk;gpdd; Ek; monad;
bflkhl;nld; gpwh; bkhHpfs; nfl;olt[k;
khl;nld; fpsbuhsp
mk;gyj;jhly; tsbuhsp Ek;ky;yhy;
67
elkhl;nld; vd;Dsj;nj ehd; rhf

khl;nld; ey;y jpUtUshny
ehd;jhd; Mndnd/
,e;jg; ghly;fspbyy;yhk; gf;jpapd;

MHj;ij. cWjpia. mjdhy; Vw;gLk;
gad;fis ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; Jy;ypakhf
tpsf;Ffpd;whh;/
,Jtiu thH;e;j ek; thH; ehl;fspy;
neha;fSk; Jd;g';fSk; Mgj;JfSk; ek;ikj;
jhf;fpapUf;ff; TLk;/ ,iwtd; fUiz
apdhy; ehk; gyKiw jg;gpj;J kPz;oUf;
fpnwhk;/ vjph;ghuhj ed;ikfs; ekf;Ff;
fpl;oapUf;ff; TLk;/ ,tw;iwbay;yhk; ehk;
xt;bthd;whf mof;fo epidj;Jg; ghh;f;f
ntz;Lk;/ mg;go epidj;jhy; ,iwtd;
ekf;Fj; Jizahf vg;nghJk; ,Ue;J
te;jpUf;fpwhd; vd;gij czuyhk;/ mij
czUk;nghJ ekJ kdjpny befpH;r;rp
njhd;Wk;/ me;j befpH;r;rpapd; fhuzkhf
,iwtd; kPJ md;g[ bgUFk;/ me;j md;gpw;F
milahskhf ekJ fz;fspypUe;J ePh;
bgUFk;/ ,e;j epiyapy; ekJ tha;
jhdhfnt mtd; g[fiH mtdJ bgaiu
thahu thH;j;Jk;/ ,e;j mDgtj;jpd; Kothd
gyd; vd;d bjhpa[kh> kuzkpyhg; bgU thH;t[/
ts;syhh; ghl;ilf; ftdpa[';fs;/
68
epide;J epide;J czh;e;J czh;e;J befpHe;J

befpH;e;J md;ng epiwe;J epiwe;J
Cw;bwGk; fz;zPujdhy;clk;g[
eide;J eide;J mUsKnj ed;dpjpna "hd
elj;junr vd;Dhpik ehafnd vd;W
tise;J tise;J Vjj;JJk; ehk; tk;kpd;cyfpayPh;
kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;tpy; thH;e;jplyh'; fz; Oh;
g[ide;Jiunad; bgha;g[fnyd; rj;jpak;brhy;fpd;nwd;
bghw;rigapy; rpw;rigapy; g[Fe;jUzkpJnt/
ehad;khh;fs; MH;thh;fs; tHh;f;ifapy;

,iwtd; nehpy; njhd;wp fhl;rp
bfhLj;jjha[k; mth;fs; tpUg;g';fisbay;yhk;
epiwntw;wp itj;jjhft[k; epiwag;
goj;jpUf;fpnwhk;/ mg;gog;gl;l epfHr;rpfs;
ekJ thH;tpYk; elf;fhjh vd;d> epr;rak;
elf;Fk;/ mth;fs; ,iwtd; kPJ gf;jp
vt;thW brYj;jpdhh;fnsh mt;thW ehKk;
gf;jp brYj;jpdhy; elf;Fk;/
ahiu ehk; bja;tkhf tz';F
fpd;nwhnkh me;jj; bja;tj;jplk; ekJ cly;
bghUs; Mtp K:d;iwa[k; mh;g;gzpj;J tpl;Lr;
ruzhfjp mile;jhy; ekf;F ve;jf; Fiwa[k;
tuhJ/
thahu thH;j;Jfpd;nwhh; kdj;jkh;e;j
bja;tk; vd;W ts;syhh; ghLthh;/ thahu
thH;j;Jnthk;/ jpdKk; fhiyapy; Fspj;J
Koj;jt[ld; xU gj;J epkplk; ,iwtid
69
thahug; ghoj; Jjpg;nghk;/ ,Ugj;J ehd;F

kzp neuj;jpy; xU gj;J epkplk; jhd;/ ve;jg;
ghl;L ghodhy; ekJ kdk; befpGnkh me;jg;
ghl;il thahug; ghl ntz;Lk;/ mg;gog; ghoj;
Jjpj;jhy; vd;w ed;ik fpilf;Fk;/
jpdk; bra;a[k; ghuhazj;jhYk; md;d
tpuaj;jhYk; ehk; mwpahJ bra;a[k; ght';fs;
eP';Fk; jpdKk; gf;jpnahL ghoj; Jjpg;nghk;/
gHtpid mWg;nghk;/ gf;jpf;F Xh; cjhuzk;/
fhuzg;gl;L fe;jrhkp vd;gth;
bgUkhdplk; kpFe;j <LghL bfhz;lth;/
muRg; gjtpapypUe;J Xa;t[ bgw;wt[ld;
fpilj;j gzj;jpy; jpUmUl;gh MW
jpUKiwfis mr;rpl;L ,dhkhf
vy;nyhh;f;Fk; tH';fpath;/ jpUtUl;gpufhr
ts;syhiuna bja;tkhf tHpgl;L te;jth;/
mtuJ cUtg; glj;ijj; jd;khh;gpy; fl;o
bjh';f tpl;Lf; bfhz;nl cytpdhh;/ ahuhtJ
brhw;bghHpt[f;F miHj;jhy; @jpUtUl;gpufhr
ts;sw; bgUkhid cghrdh K:h;j;jpahff;
bfhz;L xGFk; fhuzg;gl;L fe;jrhkp@ vd;W
jd; bgaiu mr;rplr; brhy;thuhk;/
bgUkhdplk; mth; bfhz;l gf;jpna gf;jp/
gpuhh;j;jid bra;a[';fhy; jdf;fhf
kl;Lk; gpuhh;j;jid bra;af; TlhJ/ cyfk;
KGtJk; ed;ikailag; gpuhh;j;jpf;f
ntz;Lk;/ mg;gog; gpuhh;j;jpj;jhy; mjpy;
70
mtDf;F ntz;oaJk; ml';fptpLk; vd;ghh;

ekJ bgUkhdhh;/ vdnt fhiyapy;
gpuhh;j;jid bra;a[k;nghJ ekf;F ntz;oa
ghly;fisg; ghoKoj;j gpd; ,Wjpahf ,e;jg;
ghly;fisg; gho Kof;fyhk;/ ,J
gf;jpkhd;fSf;F Xh; Mnyhrid kl;Lnk/
epjpna vd;Ds;s epiwnt bghJtpy; epiwe;j rpt

gjpna mUl;bgU";n$hjpand mk;gyk; tps';Fk;
fjpna vd; fz;Qq'; fUj;Jk; fspf;ff; fye;J
bfhz;l
kjpna mKj kiHna epd; nguUs; thHpant
thHp vd; Mz;ltd; thHp v';nfhdUs; tha;ik

vd;Wk;
thHp vk;khd; g[fH; thHp vd; ehjd; kyh;g;gj';fs;
thHp bka;r; Rj;j rd;khh;f;fg; bgUbewp khz;g[
bfhz;L
thHp ,t;itaKk; thdKk; kw;wt[k; thHpant
thHp tlw; rpw;rigapy; thH;e;j eluhruUs;

thHp mtz; g{rpf;Fk; khjth;fs;/ thHpvd;Wk;
ts;sy; ,uhkyp';f kd;doahh;fbsy;yhk;
gps;sypyh ,d;gkpire;nj
71
$PtfhUz;ak;
ts;syhhpd; jiyaha bfhs;ifna

$PtfhUz;ak; MFk;/ rhjp kjk; rkak;
Kjypa vy;yhg; gphpt[fisa[k; rhLk; ts;syhh;
ve;jg; ngjKkpy;yhky; vy;yh kf;fSk;
rnfhju chpika[ld; thH ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhh;/
Mdhy; mtUk; kf;fis mftpdj;jhh; vd;Wk;
g[wtpdj;jhh; vd;Wk; ,uz;lhfg; gphpf;fpd;whh;/
mftpdj;jhh; vd;nghh; khkprk; cz;zhjth;fs;/
g[wtpdj;jhh; khkprk; cz;nghh;/
,uf;fk; vd;gJ Jspa[k; ,y;yhky;
caph;f; bfhiyf;Ff; fhuzkhtjhy; khkprk;
cz;nghiug; g[wtpdj;jhh; vd;W fz;oj;jJld;
mg;gog;gl;lth;fSld; el;g[ bfhs;sf; TlhJ.
mth;fSf;F ey;y gz;g[fisa[k; vLj;Jr;
brhy;yf; TlhJ/ g[yhy; cz;zhjth;fs;
g[yhy; cz;gth; tPl;oy; vijr; rhg;gpl;lhYk;
mth;fSk; g[iyanu vd;fpwhh;/
72
tpuj';fspy; jiyrpwe;j tpujk;

bfhy;yhik/ bfhy;yhikia ahh; tpujkhff;
bfhs;fpd;whh;fnsh mth;fis ,iwtd;
js;Stjpy;iy vd;Wk; caph;f; bfhiya[k;
g[iyg;g[rpg;g[k; cilath;fis Mz;ltd;
jGt[tjpy;iy vdt[k; ghLfpwhh;/
cs;shidf; fjt[ jpwe;J cs;ns fhz

csbtdf;nf
ciuj;jhid czuhh; ghl;ilf;
bfhs;shid vd; ghl;ilf; Fwpf;bfhz;lhid
bfhy;yhik tpujbkdf; bfhz;lhh; jikj;
js;shid bfhiy g[iyiaj; js;shjhiuj;
jGthjhid ahd; g[hpe;j jtW nehf;fp
vs;shid ,lh; jtph;j;jp'; bfd;id ahz;l
vk;khidf; fz;L fspj;jpUf;fpd;nwnd/
bfhy;yhikia ahh; tpujkhff; bfhs;

fpd;whh;fnsh mth;fs; kl;Lnk ,iwtdpd;
mUSf;Fg; ghj;jpukhthh;fs;/ ,uf;fk;
,y;yhky; khkpr czt[ cz;gth;fs; ve;j
Myaj;jpw;Fg; ngha; ve;j ,iwtid
tz';fpdhYk; mUisr; rpwpJTlg; bgw
KoahJ/
,J ts;syhh; fUj;J/ mg;goahdhy;
,Jtiu te;j kw;w mUshsh;fl;F ,e;j
73
cz;ik bjhpahjh vd;W nfl;fyhk;/ vy;yh

mUshsh;fSk; md;igj;jhd; nghjpj;jhh;fs;/
irtk; vd;whny g[yhy;. khkprk;
jtph;j;jJ jhd;/ irt rkaj;jhh;f;Fhpa
Mfhuk; irt Mfhuk; jhd;/ ,ij czuhky;
irth;fs; mirt czthfpa khkpr czit
cz;gJ mth;fs; rhh;e;Js;s rkaj;jpw;F
vjpuhdJ/ irth;fs; gd;dpuz;L jpUKiw
tFj;J mt;tg;nghJ Kw;nwhjy; bra;thh;fs;/
jpUke;jpuk; mjpy; xU jpUKiw MFk;/
mjpy; jpUK:yh; kf;fisg; ghh;j;J vd;d
nfl;fpwhh; bjhpa[kh>
fhl;oYs;s re;jd ku';fisbay;yhk;
miuj;Jr; re;jdhgpnc&fk; bra;jhYk; thd;
mstpw;F khkyh; ,l;L ,iwtDf;F
mh;r;rid bra;jhYk; khkprk; czthff;
bfhz;lhy; ,iwtdJ. jpUtoia vg;go
mila Koa[k; vd;W nfl;fpwhh;/
fhDW nfho fofkH; re;jdk;

thDW khkyhpl;L tz';fpDk;
Cdpid ePf;fp cz;gth;f;fy;yJ
njdkh; g{';fHy; nru xz;zhnj (jpUke;jpuk;)
mWgj;J K:d;W ehad;khh;fSs;

jpUts;StUk; xUth;/ mth; vGjpa
74
jpUf;Fwspy; bfhy;yhik vd;W Xh; mjpfhunk

vGjpapUf;fpwhh;/
clk;igg; bgUf;f Cdpid cz;lhy;
mUs; v';fpUe;J tUk; vd;W mth;
tpdt[fpwhh;/
,ijbay;yhk; goj;Jk; mwpe;Jk;
irth;fs; khkprk; cz;zyhkh>
_kd; ehuhazd; kr;rhtjhuk; (kPd;)
Th;khtjhuk; (Mik) tuhftjhuk; (gd;wp)
Kjypa mtjhu';fs; vLj;jhd; vd;W
itzth;fs; mtidg; nghw;Wfpd;whh;fs;/
fz;zdhf mtd; mtjhpj;jnghJ khL
fd;Wfisg;ghtpj;Jf; nfhghyd; vd;W bgah;
bgw;whd;/ g[ul;lhrp khjk; xU khjk; kl;Lk;
rpy itzth;fs; khkprk; cz;gjpy;iy/ kw;w
khj';fspy; cz;zyhkh> kPid. gd;wpia.
Mikiag; ghh;f;Fk; nghbjy;yhk; _kd;
ehuhazidg; ghh;g;gJ nghyy;yth ghh;f;f
ntz;Lk;/ itzth;fSk; khkprk; cz;zf;
TlhJ/
Vd; ve;j kdpjDk; khkprk; cz;zf;
TlhJ/ bfhiy ghtk; khkprk;
cz;gtidr;rhUk;/ ,uf;fnk kdpjDf;F
chpaJ/ Xh; caph; Jog;gij. Jd;gg;gLtij
czUk; mwpt[ kdpj ,dj;jpw;F kl;Lnk
cz;L/ Vd; me;j mwpit kdpjDf;F kl;Lk;
,iwtd; mspj;jhd;/ me;j Mz;ltd;
75
kdpjdplk; vd;d vjph;ghh;f;fpwhd;> ,uf;fk;

xd;iwj;jhd; Mz;ltd; kdpjdplk;
vjph;ghh;f;fpwhd;/ kdpjd; gilf;Fk; nj';fha;.
thiHg;gHk; bgh';fy; gpurhjk; Mfpatw;iw
Mz;ltd; vjph;ghh;f;ftpy;iy/ mtd;
vjph;ghh;f;Fk; ,uf;fj;ij kdpjd; fhl;Lt
jpy;iy/ Mz;ltDf;F tpnuhjkhf caph;f;
bfhiy bra;J tpl;L Mz;ltid
tz';fpdhy; mUs; fpl;lhJ/ mjdhy; jhd;
ts;sw; bgUkhd; g[yhy; cz;gij
td;ikahff; fz;of;fpwhh;/
jat[ xd;wpdhy; kl;Lnk ,iwtdJ

mUisg; bgw Koa[k;/ ntW xd;wpdhYk;
mtd; mUisg; bgw KoahJ vd;fpwhh;/
mtUila thH;tpy; epfH;e;j rpy rk;gt';fs;
mtuJ kdjpd; befpH;r;rpia ,uf;fj;ij
btspg;gLj;Jk;/
,uhkyp';fh; rhpahfg; gof;ftpy;iy
vd;W mtuJ jikadhh; fz;oj;J tPl;ow;F
tu ntz;lhk; vd;whh;/ FHe;ij ,uhkyp';fk;
(Ie;J taJ) tPl;il tpl;L btspnawp tpl;lhh;/
mtuJ mz;zpahh; ,uz;L brhl;L fz;zPh;
tpl;L mGJ tPl;oy; j';fp tplf; Tlhjh
vd;whh;/ FHe;ij ,uhkyp';fk;; mz;zpahhpd;
fz;zPUf;F ,u';fp tPl;oy; j';fp; tpl;lhh;/
76
Mfhuk; miu vd;gJ mtuJ

bfhs;if/ bgw;w jhahUf;nfh jd; FHe;ij
ed;whf tapuhw epiwar; rhg;gpl ntz;Lk;/
,uhkyp';fhpd; jhahUk; mg;goj;jhd;/ jd;
FHe;ij ,uhkyp';fk; epiwar; rhg;gpl
tpy;iyna vd;W mtuJ jhahhpd; kdk; thl;l
Kw;wJ/ mijf; fhzr; rfpahky; ,uhkyp';fh;
epiwa cz;lhuhk;/
bgw;w jha; Kf thl;lk; ghh;g;gjw;f";rpg;
ngUzt[z;ldd; vd;W ghLfpwhh;/ Fiwthfr;
rhg;gpl ntz;Lk; vd;gJ mtUila
bfhs;if/ gpwh; Kfk; thlf; TlhJ vd;gJ
mtuJ $PtfhUz;ak;/ vJ bghpaJ.
$PtfhUz;ak; jhd; bghpaJ/ bfhs;if
$PtfhUz;aj;;jpw;Fj; jilaha; ,Uf;ff;
TlhJ/
,uhkyp';fh; ghly;fis vGjpf;
bfhz;oUe;jhh;/ mtuJ moath;fs; mtuJ
ghf;fis mr;rpl;Lg; g[j;jfkhf;f Mirg;
gl;ldh;/ g[fiH tpUk;ghj ts;syhh;
mr;rpLtjw;F mDkjp junt ,y;iy/
gj;jhz;L fhyk; nghuhoa[k; ve;jtpj
gyDkpy;iy/ Kothf ,Wf;fk; ,uj;d
Kjypahh; ts;syhUf;F xU fojk; vGjpdhh;/
g[j;jfk; mr;rpLtjw;F mDkjpfpl;Lk; tiu
xU ntis kl;Lnk rhg;gpLntd; vd;W
me;jf; fojj;jpy; vGjpdhh;/ ,ijg; goj;j
77
ts;syhh; clnd mDkjp mspf;fpwhh;/ me;j

$Ptd; gl;odp fplg;gjh vd;W tUe;jpdhh;/
mtuJ ,uf;fk; vd;nd! vd;nd!
$Ptd;fs; grp. gpzp. jhfk;. ,r;ir.
vspik. gak;. bfhiy Mfpa VG
Mgj;Jf;fspdhy; Jd;gk; mDgtpg;gijf;
fz;l nghjhfpYk; nfl;l nghjhfpYk; clnd
tpiue;J brd;W mj;Jd;gj;ij ePf;Ftnj
$PtfhUz;ak; vd;W nghjpj;jhh;/
Jwtpfl;Fk; kw;wth;f;Fk; ,ug;nghh;f;Fk;
,y;thH;thd; vd;ghd; Jiz vd;whh;
jpUts;Sth;/ Mdhy; ts;syhh; vd;w Jwtp
,jw;F khwhf tlY}hpny 1867k; Mz;L nk
khjk; 23k; ehs; jUkr;rhiy xd;iwj;
bjhl';fpdhh;/ jUkr;rhiyf;F mof;fy;
ehl;L tpHh elj;jpa md;nw kw;bwhU gf;fk;
jpwg;g[ tpHht[k; elj;jp md;djhdj;ij
bjhl';fpdhh;/ mth; md;W K:l;oa mLg;ghdJ
,d;W tiu ViH kf;fspd; grpahw;Wfpd;wJ/
,iwtid mila jUknk tHp vd;W
czh;j;jnt jUkr;rhiy vd;W bgahpl;lhh;/
Xh; Mizg; bgz;zhf;fp. me;jg;
bgz;iz kPz;Lk; Mzhf;fp ,we;j
gpzj;jpw;nf caph; bfhLf;Fk; Mw;wy; bgw;w
rpj;jd; MdhYk; kdjpny ,uf;fk; ,y;yhky;
Xh; capiuf; bfhd;W mjd; khkprj;ij
78
cz;z ntz;Lk; vd;w epidg;g[ ,Ue;jhy;

mtid "hdp vdf;Twf; TlhJ vd;fpwhh;/
$PtfhUz;aj;ijg; ngrpf;bfhz;oUe;j
nghJ mJ vJ tiu bry;Yk;> ,Uth;
rhiyapy; ele;J ngha;f; bfhz;oUe;jdh;/
xUth; fhy;gl;L xU kz;zh'; fl;o cile;J
tpl;lJ/ mjidf; fz;l kw;wth; ka';fp
tpGe;J tpl;lhh;/ Vd; ka';fp tpGe;jPh;fs;
vd;W nfl;lnghJ c';fs; fhy;gl;L me;j
kz;zh';fl;o cUf;Fiye;J tpl;lnj mij
vd;dhy; jhs Koatpy;iy vd;whuhk; ka';fp
tpGe;jth;/ xU kz;zh';fl;o cile;jjw;nf
kaf;fk; tUkhdhy; Xh; caph; Jog;gij
vt;thW jhs Koa[k;> ,ija[k; fle;J
$PtfhUz;ak; bry;Yk; vd;whuhk;/
fUizf;F ts;syhh; vd;W rhjhuz

kf;fSk; ghuhl;Lk; bgUik bgw;W ,uf;fnk
totha; ts;syhh; ,Ue;jhh;/ ,uf;fk; xUtpy;
(kiwe;jhy;) vd; capUk; xUt[k; vd;whh;
ts;syhh;/
ehk; $PtfhUz;aj;ij nkw;bfhs;nthk;/
jat[ld; thH;nthk; vy;yh caph;fisa[k;
nerpg;nghk;/ ahh; kdJk; g[z;glhjthW
elg;nghk;/ ehk; gpw caph;fs; kPJ bfhs;Sk;
rpwpa jatpdhy; ,iwtdJ bgUe;jathfpa
nguUisg; bgw Koa[k;/ ,iwtd; mUis
79
ntW ve;j tHpahYk; bgw KoahJ/ ,uf;fk;

xd;wpdhy; kl;Lnk bgw Koa[k;/
rkaj; bja;t';fs;
ifyhaj;jpy;rptbgUkhd; ,Ug;gjhft[k;
itFe;jj;jpy; _kd; ehuhazd; ,Ug;gjhft[k;
irtKk; itztKk; Twp tUfpd;wd/ irt
rkak; rhh;e;j mUshsh;fspd; g{j cly;
kz;zpny rkhjp itf;fg;glyhk; my;yJ
beUg;gpypl;L jfdk; bra;ag;glyhk;/ vg;go
ahapDk; mth;fsJ $PtdhdJ ifyhak;
mile;J rptbgUkhDld; If;fpakhfptpLk;
vd;fpwhh;fs;/ mnjnghy; itzth;fs; me;jr;
rkak; rhh;e;j mUshsh;fs; ,we;j gpwF
mth;fsJ $Ptd; itFe;jk; brd;W
ehuhazDld; fye;JtpLk; vd;fpd;whh;fs;/
,jidna ifyha gjtp vd;Wk; itFe;j
gjtp vd;Wk; Twp itj;jhh;fs;/ $PtdhdJ
80
(,we;J nghd clypypUe;J gphpe;j gpwF)

,iwtDld; If;fpakhtijna Kf;jp vd;Wk;
Twpdhh;fs;/ rpy rhkpahh;fs; j';fs; $Ptdh
dJ ,iwtDld; fyg;gjw;F clk;ng
jilaha[s;sJ vd;W fUjpj; jh';fns typar;
brd;W rkhjpapy; ,w';fpa[k; jiyapy;
nj';fha; cilf;fr; bra;Jk; capiu
kha;j;Jf; bfhz;oUf;fpd;whh;fs;/ clk;ig
tpl;Lg; gphpe;j capuhdJ nkhl;rj;jpw;nfh.
brhh;f;fj;jpw;nfh. eufj;jpw;nfh nghFbkd;
gija[k; my;yJ ,iwtDld; If;fpa
khfptpLk; vd;gija[k; ts;sw; bgUkhdhh;
Vw;Wf; bfhs;stpy;iy/
ahuhapUe;jhYk; ,e;jg; gpwg;gpnyna
mjhtJ capuhdJ clk;ig tpl;Lg; gphpahky;
thH;e;J bfhz;oUf;Fk;nghnj ,iwtid
mila ntz;LnkbahHpa ,we;j gpwF
milant KoahJ/ khwhf ,e;jj; njfj;jpy;
thH;e;j fhyj;jpy; bra;j ey;tpid
jPtpidf;nfw;g mLj;j gpwtpjhd; vLf;Fk;
vdj; jpl;ltl;lkhf mwptpf;fpd;whh;/ ,e;j
cz;ikawpahky; thH;e;J khz;L
bfhz;oUf;Fk; eLj;ju kf;fisj; jpUj;jpr;
rd;khh;f;f r';fj;jpy; mth;fisr; nrh;j;J
,e;jg; gpwtpapnyna ,iwtid miltpf;fr;
bra;ant jhd; ,iwtdhy; mDg;gg;gl;L
te;jjhft[k; ts;syhh; TWfpd;whh;/
81
,Jtiu njhd;wpa mUshsh;fs; gytpj

tot';fspy; gyg;gy bgah;fspy; bja;t';fs;
,Ug;gjhff; fhl;odh;/ ,e;j cUt';
fbsy;yhk; bgah;fbsy;yhk; "hdpfspd;
fw;gidna vd;W bfh";r';Tl czuhj ghku
kf;fs; ,e;jj; bja;t';fbsy;yhk; cz;ik
apnyna ,Ug;gjhfnt vz;zp cz;ik
md;g[ld; tHpgl;L tUfpd;whh;fs;/
jtk;; bra;j "hdpfs; gyg;gy
mDgt';fis mile;jhh;fs;/ me;j mDgt';
fisbay;yhk; kf;fSf;F mwptpf;f ntz;Lk;
vd;w J}a nehf;Fld; mitfis cUt
fg;gLj;jpdh;/ mUshsh;fs; bgw;w mDgt';
fisg; gy "hdpfs; gytpjkhf
mwptpj;jpUf;fpd;wdh;/ kdpj clk;gpy; Vw;gLk;
mDgt';fisg; g[wj;nj fhl;odh;/
ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; ek; kPJs;s
bgU';fUizapdhy; bja;tj;jpd; cz;ikia
,Jtiu mwptpf;fg;glhj cz;ikfis
cyfwpaj; bjhptpf;fpd;whh;/ g[wj;nj
bja;tkhff; fhl;lg;gl;l cUt';fs; ek;
clk;gpd; ve;j ghfj;J mDgt';fs; vd;W
ts;syhh; bjhptpf;fpd;whh;/
1) kdpj njfj;jpy; nfhrj;jpw;F
,uz;liu m';Fyj;jpw;Fnky; ehw; rJukhd
xU iga[z;L/ mjpy; nrUk; ,e;jphpank
jhkiu vd;W brhy;yg;gLk;/ mjd; kj;jpapy;
82
xU Mtp bghd; tz;zkha; ,Uf;Fk;/ mjd;

mjph;c;&lhd njtijna gpukd; vd;W
brhy;yg;gLk;/
g[wj;nj gpuk;k nyhfj;jpy;. tpc;&Qqtpd;
ehgpapypUe;J tUk; bfhoapd; Edpapy; cs;s
jhkiug; g{tpy; gpUk;kh ,Ug;gjhf g[uhzj;jpy;
Twg;gl;Ls;sJ/ ,jd; cz;ikia ts;syhh;
kdpj clk;gpd; xU ghfkhf vLj;Jf;
fhl;oa[s;shh;/
mLj;J ce;jpf;F neuhf cl;ghfj;jpy;
rJukha; xU iga[z;L/ me;jg; igapd;
nkYs;s ehoapd; kj;jpapy; brk;gpdJ fspk;g[
nghd;W gr;ir nkdpaha; xU rf;jpa[z;L/
mij tpc;&Qqbtd;W brhy;fpwJ/ (ciueil
gf;fk; 364)
,Ujaj;jpy; kyh;e;j thiHg;g{g; nghy
xU iga[z;L/ mJ btz;ikahapUf;Fk;/
,ijf; ifyhak; vd;W brhy;fpwJ/ ,e;jg;;
igapy; mf;fpdp kakha; xU MtpapUf;Fk;/
,jw;Ff; fhuzhf;fpdp vd;W bgah;/ ,t;
tf;fpdpiaj;jhd; fhy re;jpu Uj;u K:h;j;jp
vd;gJ/
,e;j mf;fpdpg; igapy; Fz;lyp tl;l
euk;g[ xd;W cz;L/ ,e;j euk;gpd; moapy;
,uz;L euk;g[ tyj;jpy; Ie;J ftUilajha[k;
,lj;jpy; MW jiya[ila ftuha[k;
epw;fpd;wd/ tyj;jpy; cs;sJ fzgjp vd;Wk;
83
,lj;jpYs;sJ Rg;ukz;ah; vd;Wk; brhy;YtJ

(ciueil gf;fk; 366)
,Ujaj;jpw;F nky; ,uz;liu
m';Fykhd fz;lj;jpy; knfRtuDk;.
mjw;Fnky; ,uz;liu m';Fy mz;zhf;fpy;
rjhrptKk;. mjw;Fnky; ,uz;liu m';Fy
cauj;jpy; g[Utkj;jpapy; tpe;Jt[k;. mjw;F
nky; ,uz;liu m';Fyj;jpy; ehjKk;. mjw;F
nky; ,uz;liu m';Fyj;jpy; gutpe;Jt[k;.
mjw;F nky; ,uz;liu m';Fyj;jpy;
guehjKk;. mjw;F nky; ,uz;liu
m';Fyj;jpy; jpf;fpuhe;jk;. mjpf;fpuhe;jk;.
Jthj rhe;jk; KjyhditfSk; mjPjj;jpy;
Rj;j rptKk; cs/ knf!;tu !;jhdk; Kjy;
tpe;J !;jhdk; tiuapYk; Kd;nghy; ,lk;
eho bjhHpy; tz;zk; Kjypat[Ks;sd/ ehj
!;jhdk; bjhl;Lj; Jthj rhe;jk; tiuapy;
mDgt btspahfpa Mfhr ngjkakhapUf;Fk;/
mjw;F nky; mjpfhuz khj;jpukha;
Md;khDgtj;jpy; tps';Fk;/ (ciueil gf;fk;
367)
,e;j mDgtj;ij ,t;thW thpirg;
gLj;jyhk;/
Rj;j rptk;
Jthj rhe;jk;
mjpf;fpuhe;jk; mjPjk; mDtj;jpy; tps';Fk;
84
jpf;fpuhe;jk;
guehjk;
gutpe;J
tpe;J /// g[Utkj;jp

rjhrptd; /// mz;zhf;F
knfRtud; /// fz;lk;
Uj;ud; /// ,Ujak;
tpc;&Qq /// ehgp
gpuk;kh /// ehgpf;Ff; fPH;
,e;j mDgt';fs; kdpj clk;gpny

Vw;gLfpd;witna MFk;/ ngUgnjrj;jpd;;
nghJ ts;syhh; TwpajhtJ. @,jw;F nkw;gl
ehk; ehKk; Kd; ghh;j;Jk; nfl;Lk; yl;rpak;
itj;Jf; bfhz;oUe;j ntjk;. Mfkk;.
g[uhzk;. ,jpfhrk; Kjypa fiyfs; vjdpYk;
yl;rpak; itf;f ntz;lhk;/ Vbdd;why;
mitfs; xd;wpyhtJ FG:cf;Fwpad;wpj;
bja;tj;ij ,d;dgo vd;Wk;. bja;tj;
jpDila cz;ik ,d;dbjd;Wk;.
bfh";rnkDk; g[w';ftpar; brhy;yhky;.
kz;izg; nghl;L kiwj;J tpl;lhh;fs;/
mQqkhj;jpu nkDk; bjhptpf;fhky; gpz;l
yl;rzj;ij mz;lj;jpy; fhl;odhh;fs;/
ahbjdpy; ifyhrgjp vd;Wk;. itFz;lgjp
vd;Wk;. rj;jpa nyhfhjpgjp vd;Wk; bgahpl;L.
85
,lk;. thfdk;. Ma[jk;. totk;. U:gk;

Kjypaita[k; xU kDc;&aDf;F mikg;gJ
nghy; mikj;J cz;ikahf ,Ug;gjhfr;
brhy;ypapUf;fpd;whh;fs;/ bja;tj;jpw;Ff; if
fhy; Kjypad ,Uf;Fkh vd;W nfl;gth;f;Fg;
gjpy; brhy;yj; bjhpahJ tpHpf;fpd;whh;fs;/
,`J cz;ikahf ,Ug;gjhfnt Kd;Dk;
gpd;Dk; cs;s bghpath;fbsd;W bgahpl;Lf;
bfhz;oUe;jth;fSk; cz;ikia mwpahJ
mg;gona fz;iz K:of; bfhz;L
cswpapUf;fpd;whh;fs; (ciueil gf;fk;
466?467)/
nkw;fz;l thrf';fis Cd;wpf;
ftdpj;jhy; xU ngUz;ik tps';Fk;/
mjhtJ gpUk;kh. tpc;&Qq. Uj;ud;. knfRtud;.
rjhrptd; Mfpa Ith;fSk; ,e;j clk;gpy;;
Vw;gLk; mDgt';fns xHpa g[wj;jpy;
Mfhaj;jpny g[uhz';fspy; TwpapUg;gJnghy;
cz;ikapy; ,Ug;gth;fs; my;y vd;gJ/ ,nj
nghy vy;yh ,iw tot';fSk; mDgt';fns/
ts;syhUk; mUl;bgU";n$hjpia
mDgtkhfnt TWfpd;whh;/
@jD fuzhjpfs; jhk; fle;J mwpa[k; Xh;
mDgtk; Mfpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp@
(mfty;)
rhjid gw;wp ts;syhh; :
86
mDgt';fis ntW KiwapYk;

TwpapUf;fpd;whh;fs;/ mjhtJ
$hf;fpuj;
brhg;dk;
RGj;jp mt!;ijfs; Ie;J
Jhpak;
JhpahjPjk;
jpunahj rhe;jkhtJ ahbjdpy;

1/ $Pt rhf;fpuk;
2/ $Pt brhg;gdk;
3/ $Pt RGj;jp
4/ eph;ky rhf;fpuk;
5/ eph;ky brhg;dk;
6/ eph;ky RGj;jp
7/ gu rhf;fpuk;
8/ gu brhg;dk;
9/ gu RGj;jp
10/ FU rhf;fpuk;
11/ FU brhg;gdk;
12/ FU RGj;jp
13/ FU Jhpak;
14/ FU Jhpah jPjk; Mf 14/ ,jw;F
nkYKs/
87
Rj;j rpt rhf;fpuk;

Rj;j rpt brhg;gdk;
Rj;j rpt RGj;jp
Rj;j rpt Jhpak;
Rj;j rpt Jhpah jPjk;/ ,it
neU';fhy; $Pt
rhf;fpuhjp ePf;fg;gLk;
,t;tst[ mDgtKk; g{h;tj;jpYs;s

mDgtpfshy; Fwpf;fg;gl;l epiyfspy;
,y;iy/ xUthU FU Jhpa ghpae;jk;
ntjhfk';fshYk; jj;Jtuhah; Kjypa
kfhd;fsDgtj;jhYk; Fwpf;fg;gLk;/ mjw;F
nkw;gl;l mDgtk; Rj;j rd;khh;f;fj;jpy;
rhj;jpak;/ (ciueil gf;fk; 369)
,e;j mDgt';fs; midj;Jk;

jtj;jpdhy; kl;Lnk bgwf; Toaitna jtpu
ntW tHpfshy; bgw KoahJ/ vdnt jtk;
Rj;j rd;khh;f;f mDgtj;jpw;F mtrpak;
vd;gJ kWf;ff;Tlhj cz;ikna/
kdij mlf;fp ,iwtid mila
ehd;F khh;f;f';fis ek; Kd;ndhh; fhl;odh;/
rhpia. fphpia. nahfk;. "hdk; Mfpa
ehd;fpy; rhpia fphpia vd;w ,uz;Lk;
g[wtHpghL. nahfk; "hdk; Mfpa ,uz;Lk;
mf tHpghL/ Koe;j Kot[ "hdk;jhd;/
88
rd;khh;f;fk; vd;gJ "hdj;ij

mDc;&of;fpd;w Tl;lk;; vd;W ts;syhh;
TWfpd;whh;/ nkYk; rhfhjtnd rd;khh;f;fp
vd;gJk; mtuJ thf;F/ fpilj;j ,e;j
njfj;ijna epj;jpa njfkhf;fpf; bfhz;L
vf;fhyj;Jk; vjdhYk; jilglhj xg;gw;w
nghpd;gg; bgUthH;itg; bgw;W thH;jny
Md;kyhgk; vd;Wk; jpUtUl; gpufhr ts;sw;
bgUkhdhh; mwptpj;jhh;/
fle;j fhy tuyhw;wpd; VLfisg;
g[ul;odhy; "hdk; bgWtjw;fhff; fhl;ony
brd;W gy Mapuk; ngh; fLe;jtk;
nkw;bfhz;L thH;e;jpUf;fpd;whh;fs;/ kidtp.
kf;fs;. brhj;J. Rfk; midj;ja[k; Jwe;J
tpl;Lf; fhdfk; brd;wpUf;fpd;whh;fs;/ Vd;
Jwt[ nkw;bfhz;lhh;fs;> Vd; fhdfk; brd;W
fLe;jtk; g[hpe;jhh;fs;> ,iwtid milat[k;
kuzj;ij bty;yt[k;jhd;/ mile;jhh;fsh>
mile;jjhfg; g[uhz';fs; TWfpd;wdnt jtpu
rhpj;jpuk; Twtpy;iyna/ g[uhz';fs;
TWfpd;wd rhpj;jpuk; Twtpy;iyna vd;gjd;
tpsf;fk; ahbjdpy;. g[uhzk; vd;gJ
tU';fhyr; re;jjpapdUf;F ePjpiag;
nghjpg;gjw;fhff; fw;gidahf vGjg;gl;l
fij/ rhpj;jpuk; vd;gJ cz;ikahfg; gpwe;J
thH;e;j kf;fspd; tuyhW/ cjhuzkhf kJiu
kPdhl;rpia kze;j brhf;fehj ghz;oad;
89
jpUtpisahlw; g[uhzj;jpnyjhd; ,lk;

bgw;wpUf;fpd;whnu jtpu jkpH; ehl;Lg; ghz;oa
kd;dh;fspd; tuyhw;wpny ,lk; bgwtpy;iy/
jpUtpisahlw; g[uhzk; xU fl;Lf; fijna
jtpu cz;ik tuyhwy;y/ kdjpny
vs;sst[Tlr; re;njfk; ,y;yhky;
g[uhz';fl;Fk; tuyhw;Wf;Fk; cs;s
ntw;Wikfisg; g[hpe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/
tuyhw;wpy; te;jhy; jhd; cz;ik/
g[uhz';fspy; tUtbjy;yhk; "hdpfspd;
fw;gidna/
rpj;jpapd; bfhLik jh';fhJ fhdfk;
brd;W fLe;jtk; g[hpe;J ehuhazdplk; tuk;
bgw;w JUtd; vd;w mur Fkhud; tl
jpirapy; JUt el;rj;jpukhf tps';Ffpd;whd;
vd;gJk; trpc;&lh; Kjyhd rg;j hpc&pfs;
mtidj; jpdKk; Rw;wp tyk; tUfpd;whh;fs;
vd;gJk; fw;gid/
tpRthkpj;jpuh; vd;w Kdpth; jd;Dila
jt typikahy; jphpr';F vd;w kd;did
njnte;jpud;; Ml;rpf;Fl;gl;l njtnyhfj;jpw;F
clnyhL mDg;gpdhh; vd;gJk;. khdplh;
njtnyhfj;jpw;F tUtjh vd;W rpd';
bfhz;l njnte;jpud; jphpr';Fitf; fPnH
js;sp tpl;ljhft[k;. jphpr';Ftpd; Tf;Fuiyf;
nfl;l tpRthkpj;jpuh; njnte;jpud; kPJ rpd';
bfhz;L. me;jj; jphpr';F kd;did mg;gona
90
me;juj;jpy; epWj;jp m';nfna me;j

kd;dDf;fhfg; g[jpabjhU Rth;f;fj;ijna
eph;khzpj;jjha[k; ,Jnt jphpr';F brhh;f;fk;
vd miHf;fg;gLk; bjd; jpir el;rj;jpuk;
vd;Wk; TWtJ g[uhzk; ? fw;gid ? ,it
tuyhwy;y/
,e;jf; fijfs; midj;Jk; btWk;
fw;gidjhnd vd;W btWj;J xJf;fp
tplyhkh vd;why; m';nfjhd; ts;syhhpd;
jdpj;jd;ik gpufhrpf;fpd;wJ/ ntj';fs;;.
Mfk';fs;. g[uhz';fs;. ,jpfhr';fs;
Kjyhf cs;s fiyfs; mj;jida[k;
cz;ikia btspg;gilahf vspjpy; g[hpe;J
bfhs;s KoahjthW N:jhf vGjg;
gl;litjhd; vd;W TWk; ts;syhh;.
mtw;iw mg;gona tpl;L tplhjPh;fs;
mjd; cz;ikia mwpe;J bfhs;S';fs;
vd;Wk;
k; bewpg;gLj;Jfpd;whh;/
JUt el;rj;jpuj; jphpr';F Rth;f;f

k:
cz;ik
tlf;nf xU el;rj;jpuk; vg;nghJk;
m';nfna ,Uf;Fk;/ mjw;Fj; JUt
el;rj;jpuk; vd;W bgah;/ mijr; Rw;wp VG
el;rj;jpu';fs; jpdk; tyk; te;J
bfhz;oUf;fpd;wd/ mnjnghy; vg;nghJk; bjd;
91
jpirapy; ehd;F el;rj;jpu';fs; ilkd;

totj;jpy; vg;nghJk; ,Uf;Fk;/ ,it jhd;
jphpr';F brhh;f;fk;. ,e;j el;rj;jpu';fs;
,Ug;gJ cz;ik/ Mdhy; mtw;iwg; gw;wp;
vGjg;gl;l fij kl;Lnk fw;gid ? bgha;/
Md;kPfj; Jiwapy; vijg; goj;jhYk;
me;j thh;j;ijfisnah. brhw;fisnah
mg;gona vLj;Jf; bfhs;shky; ahh; brhd;dJ
? ahhplk; brhd;dJ ? Vd; brhy;yg;gl;lJ ?
ve;jr; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; brhy;yg;gl;lJ ?
vd;gij Ma;t[ bra;nj Kot[ bra;a
ntz;Lk;/
xU igad; fha;fwp th';fp tuf;
filf;Fg; nghdhd;/ fhrpy;yhky; filf;Fg;
nghfhnj vd;W mtDila jha; Twpdhs;/
igad; filf;nf nghfhky; epd;W tpl;lhd;/
igaidg; ghh;j;J Vz;lh filf;Fg;
nghftpy;iyah vd;W jfg;gdhh; nfl;lhh;/
filf;Fg; nghfhnj vd;W mk;kh brhd;dhns
fhjpy; tpHtpy;iyah vd;W igad; gjpy;
brhd;dhd;/
fhrpy;yhky; filf;Fg; nghfhnj
vd;why; fhR vLj;Jf; bfhz;L filf;Fg;
ngh vd;gJ jhnd bghUs;> filf;Fg;
nghfhnj vd;w brhy;iy kl;Lk; vLj;Jf;
bfhz;L filf;Fg; nghf khl;nld; vd;gJ
rhpah>
92
mJnghy $PtfhUz;a xGf;fk; vd;w

jdJ ciueilapy; Kjw; gFjpapy; ts;syhh;
TWtJ ,Jjhd;/
$PtfhUz;a xGf;fj;ij cilath;
fshfp mUe;jy;. bghUe;jy; Kjypa gpug";r
nghf';fis mDgtpf;fpd;w rKrhhpfs;
vy;yhk; rh;t rf;jpa[ila flt[sUSf;F
KGJk; ghj;jpuk; Mthh;fs;/ $PtfhUz;a
xGf;fkpy;yhky; "hdk;. nahfk;. jtk;. tpujk;.
b$gk;. jpahdk; Kjypaitfisr; bra;fpd;w
th;fs; flt[sUSf;Fr; rpwpJk; ghj;jpuk;
Mfhh;fs;/ mth;fis Md;k tpsf;fk;
cs;sth;fshft[k; epidf;fg;glhJ/$PtfhUz;a
kpy;yhJ bra;ag;gLfpd;w bra;iffs; vy;yhk;
gpunah$dk; ,y;yhj khah$hyr; bra;if
fnsahFbkd;W mwpa ntz;Lk;/ (ciueil
gf;fk; 127)
$PtfhUz;aj;ija[ila rKrhhpfl;nf
mUs; fpl;Lk; vd;why; $PtfhUz;aKila
"hdpfl;Fk;. jtk; bra;nthh;f;Fk; mUs;
fpl;lhkyh ngha; tpLk;/ $PtfhUz;a xGf;fk;
cilath;fs; kl;Lnk jpahdk; jtk;
Kjypait bra;ayhk; vd;gJk; $PtfhUz;ak;
,y;yhky; jpahdk; jtk; bra;nthh; kf;fis
kaf;fnt mt;thW bra;fpwhh;fs; vd;gJk;
ts;syhh; fUj;J/ ,Jnt cz;ik/
93
$PtfhUz;aj;Jld; jpahdk; jtk; ntz;Lk;

vd;gnj ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; jUk; Kot[/
nkYk; ts;syhh; Twpa[s;sJ/
$PtfhUz;aj;jhy; gpukd; Ma[Rk;. ghr
ituhf;fpaj;jhy; tpl;LQqtpDila Ma[Rk;.
<Ru gf;jpahy; Uj;jpuDila Ma[Rk; gpuk
"hdj;jhy; vd;Wk; mHpahj Rth;z njfk;
Kjypaita[k; bgw;Wf; flt[s; kakhfyhk;
(ciueil gf;fk; 417)
gpuk "hdj;jhy; kl;Lnk vd;Wk;
mHpahj Rth;z njfk; Kjypatw;iwg;
bgw;Wf; bfhs;syhk; vd;w thrfj;jpd;go
jtk; jtph;f;f Koahj xd;whfpd;wJ/
kz;ghz;lk; Rl itj;jhy; jhd; ePoj;J
ciHf;Fk;/ Fatd; fsp kz;zhy; ghj;jpuk;
bra;fpd;whd;/ mJ mg;gona ,Ue;jhy;
gad;glhJ/ Rl ntz;Lk;/ mJnghy; ,e;j kz;
clk;iga[k; Rl ntz;Lk;/ vg;gor; RLtJ>
jtj;jhy; cz;lhFk; btg;gj;jpdhy; Rl
ntz;Lk;/ ,';nf ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; nghw;wpa
jpUf;Fwis xnu xU rhd;whf vLj;Jf;
bfhs;syhkh>
Rlr; Rl xspUk; bghd; nghy; jtk;
Rlr; Rl nehf;fpw; gth;f;F/ (Fws;)
jtk; bra;jhy; cc;&zk; cz;lhFk; vd;gjw;F
vd;d Mjhuk;>
94
@ekJ Md;khitj; bjhpabthl;lhky;

K:oapUf;fpd;w gr;irj; jpiuahfpa
uhfhjpfis tprhu mjp cc;&zj;jhyy;yhJ
kw;w cc;&z';fshy; ePf;f KoahJ/ me;j
cc;&zk; nahfpapDila mDgtj;jpy; bjhpa[k;/
mij kDc;&a juj;jpy; cz;L
gz;Qqtjw;Fj; bjhpahJ/ me;j tprhuj;ij
tpl Mz;ltiu !;njhj;jpuk; bra;fpd;wjpYk;
bja;tj;ij epidf;fpd;wjpYk; mjpf cc;&zk;
cz;lhFk;/ nahfpfs; tdk; kiy KiH
Kjypatw;wpw;Fg; ngha; E}W. Mapuk; Kjypa
tUc& fhyk; jt";bra;J. ,t; cc;&zj;ij
cz;L gz;zpf; bfhs;fpd;whh;fs;/ ,g;goj;
jt";bra;J cc;&zj;ij cz;L gz;zpf;
bfhs;Sfpwijg; ghh;f;fpYk; bja;tj;ij
!;njhj;jpuk; bra;fpd;wjpYk;. epidf;fpd;w
jpYk; ,ijtplf; nfhog; g';F. gj;J nfhog;
g';F mjpfkhf cc;&zk; cz;L gz;zpf;
bfhs;syhk;@ (ciueil gf;fk; 464)
jtk; bra;a ntz;Lkh ? njhj;jpunk

nghJnk vd;W fUjyhk;/ jtk; ntz;lhk;
vd;why; mtnu bra;jpUf;f khl;lhnu/
vy;yhtw;iwa[k; tplr; rhpia. fphpia
Mfpa ,uz;odhy; tUk; Kothd gyd; kdk;
Rj;jkhFk; vd;Wk;. nahfj;jpdhy; ghrk; mWk;
vd;Wk;. "hdj;jpdhy; tut[ nghf;fw;w
95
epiy.mjhtJ gpwg;g[. ,wg;g[ mw;w epiy

TLk; vd;Wk; ek; bgUkhdhh; bjhptpf;fpd;whh;/
Mjhuk;/
gjp g{ir Kjypa ew;fphpiaahy; kdk; vDk; gR

fuzk; <';F mRj;j ghtidawr; Rj;j
ghtidapy; epw;Fk; bka;g;gjpnahf
epiyikajdhy;
kjp ghrkw;W mjpy; ml';fpLk; ml';fnt
kiytpd; bka;";"hd kakha; tut[ nghf;fw;w
epiy TLk; vd vdJns te;Jzh;t[ je;j
FUnt
Jjp tha;ik bgW rhe;j gjk; nkt[k; kjpank
JhprW Ra";n$hjpnanjhif thfd kPjpy';f
tU njhd;wny brhy;yhpa ey;y Jizna
jjp bgWk; brd;idapy; fe;j nfhl;lj;Js; tsh;
jynkh';F fe;jntns jz;Kfj; Ja;akzp
cz;Kfr; irtkzp rz;Kfj; bja;tkzpna
(bja;tkzp khiy)
gpwg;g[. ,wg;g[ mw;w epiy ifTl

ntz;Lk; vdpy; "hdbewpf;F ehk; bry;y
ntz;Lk;/
vd;d bra;a ntz;Lk;> vg;gor; bra;a
ntz;Lk; vd;W xd;Wk; mwpahky; jhd;
,Ue;jjhft[k; ,iwtnd mth; mUfpy;
te;J mtiu vGg;gp nahfk; "hdk; Kjypad
g[hpahky; Vd; eype;J nghfpwha;/ vGe;J
96
clnd g[hpthahf mUsKjk; cz;L

,d;g[Wthahf vd;W mwpt[Wj;jpajhft[k;
ts;syhh; TWfpd;whh;/ (Mjhuk;)
thl;lbkhL rpwpandd; bra;tifia mwpahJ

kdkpf ka';fp xU ehs; kz;zpy; fple;J
mUis cd;dp cyfpaiy kwe;J
Japy;fpd;wnghJ
ehl;lKW itfiwapy; vd;dUfize;J vd;id
ed;Ww vGg;gp kfnd ey;nahf "hdk; vdpDk;
g[hpjypd;wp eP eypjy; mHnfh vGe;nj
<l;Lf epd; vz;zk; gypf;f mUsKjk; cz;L
,d;g[Wf vd;w FUnt vd; Mirna vd;wd;
md;ngepiwe;j nghpd;gnk vd; bry;tnk/
ntl;lit mspf;fpd;w epjpank rhfhj
tpj;ijapy; tpise;j Rfnk bka;";"hd
epiy epd;w tp";"hd fyUns nkt[
eluhr gjpna (3674)
(eluhr gjpkhiy)
nahf "hdk; bra;a ntz;Lk; vd;W

mwpt[Wj;jpa ,iwtnd! mijj; jhd;
tps';fpf; bfhs;SkhW ,d;W ,unt te;J
jdf;Fj; bjhptpf;f ntz;Lk; vd;W ts;syhh;
ntz;odhh;/ (Mjhuk;)
Mz;ltd; ePahfpy; cdf;F moaDk; ehdhfpy;

mUSilaha; ,d;wputpy; mUspiwaha; te;J
97
ePz;ltnd KjypaUk; jPz;lhpjhk; bghUspd;

epiyfhl;o moKoapd; bewp KGJ';fhl;o
tPz;ltnd fhiyapy; eP tpHpj;jt[ld; vGe;J
tpjp Koj;Jg; g[hpjp ,J tps';F bkdg; g[fy;tha;
jhz;ltnd mUl;bghJtpy; jdp Kjny fUizj;
jl'; flny beLe;jifna r';fund rptnd
(2801)
mth; ntz;oathW ,iwtd; ghjp

,utpy; vGe;jUsp mtUf;F mUl;n$hjp
mspj;jhd; (Mjhuk;)
ghjp ,utpy;; vGe;jUspg; ghtpnaid vGg;gp mUl;

n$hjp mspj;J vd; cs;sfj;nj N:H;e;J fye;J
Jy';Ffpd;wha;
ePjp el";bra; nghpd;gepjp ehd; bgw;w beLk;ngw;iw
Xjp KoahJ vd; nghy; ,t;t[yfk; bgWjy;
ntz;Ltnd/
,Jtiu Twp te;j bra;jpfspd;

bjhFg;g[ ,Jjhd;:
i) g[uhz';fs; fw;gidahf "hdpfshy;

vGjg;gl;lit/ mtw;wpy; tUk;
epfH;r;rpfnsh. rk;gt';fnsh
cz;ikapy; ele;jit my;y/
kf;fSf;Fr; brhy;y ntz;oa
98
cz;ikfisa[k;. ePjpfisa[k;
Mjhukhf itj;nj g[uhz';fs;
vGjg;gl;Ls;sd/
ii) ,e;j epyt[yfpy; filrpahf te;j

jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;sw; bgUkhdhh;
fUizna totkhf tps';fpath;/
jtj;ija[k; nkw;bfhz;Ljhd;
jdJ njfj;ij vd;Wk; mHpahj
njfkhf khw;wpf; bfhz;lhh;/ jtk;
mtrpank/
iii) $PtfhUz;aKk; ey;y xGf;f';

fisa[k; cila rKrhhpfs;
kl;Lnk jtk; bra;tjw;Fj;
jFjpahdth;fs;/
iv) kz;zhy; bra;j ghz;lk; Rl

itj;jhy; kl;Lnk epw;Fk;/
mJnghy; ,e;j njfj;ija[k; jt
mf;dpahy; Rl ntz;Lk;/ jtj;jhy;
kl;Lnk mHpahj njfk; bgw
Koa[k;/ vdnt jtk; mtrpak;/
v) jtk; bra;tJ vg;go vd xt;bthU

kdpjDk; mwpe;J bfhs;s
ntz;Lk;/
99
rhjid
ts;syhh; ek;ikg; nghy xU jha;f;Fk;

je;ijf;Fk; Ie;jhtJ kfdhfg;
gpwe;jth;jhd;/ Mdhy; mth; epfH;j;jpa
mw;g[j';fs;; epiwa cz;L/ gj;J ngUf;F
kl;Lnk ,Ue;j czit E}W ngUf;Fg;
ghpkhwp ,Uf;fpwhh;/ jpUePW mspj;Jg; ghY
bul;oahhpd; Fc;&l nehiaa[k;. njtehj
gps;isapd; kfdhd Iahrhkpg; gps;isapd;
ilgha;L Ruj;ija[k; ,d;Dk; gyUila
neha;fisa[k; jPh;j;J itj;jpUf;fpwhh;/
gz;Ul;oapy; mtuJ md;ghpd; tPL
vhpe;J bfhz;oUe;jJ/ tlY}hpypUe;j
ts;syhh; jd; nky;Jz;il vLj;J mirf;f
gz;Ul;oapy; vhpe;J bfhz;oUe;j jP
mize;J tpl;lJ/
fU';FHpapy; ,ut[ KGJk; jz;zPh;
tpl;nl tpsf;if vhpj;jpUf;fpwhh;/
100
kiHna ,y;yhj fpuhkj;jpy; mth;

jiy kPJ xU brk;g[ jz;zPh; tpl kiH
bga;a itj;jpUf;fpwhh;/
rpjk;guj;jpy; eilbgw;w jpUthjpiu
eluh$ eldj;ij tlY}h; jUkr; rhiyapy;
xU jpiuapl;L mjpy; fhl;oapUf;fpwhh;/
,g;gog;gl;l gy;ntW mw;g[j';fis

,aw;Wk; Mw;wiy mth; vt;thW bgw;whh;>
mtnu xU ghl;oy; TWfpd;whh;/
fhl;ilbayh'; fle;J tpl;nld; ehl;il

aile;J cd; foefh;g; bghd;
kjpw;fhl;rp fz;Fspuf; fz;nld;
nfhl;ilbayh'; bfho ehl;of; nfhykplg;
ghh;j;njd; nfhapypd; nky; thapypny
Fiwfbsyhk; jtph;j;njd;
nrl;ilaw;Wf; fUtpbayhk; vd;trk;
epd;wplnt rpj;jpbayhk; bgw;nwd; ehd;
jpUr;rpw;wk;gynky;
ghl;ilbayhk; ghLfpd;nwd; ,J jUzk;
gjpna gye;jUk; vd;cse;jdpny
fye;J epiwe;jUns
Rk;kh ,Uj;jy;:
kdk;. thf;F. fhak; vd;w K:d;wpida[k;

jphpfuzk; vd;ghh;fs;/ ve;j ntiya[k;
101
bra;ahky; clk;igr; Rk;kh itj;jpUf;f

Koa[k;/ mnjnghy; ve;j thh;j;ija[k; ngrhky;
thiaa[k; Rk;kh itj;jpUf;f Koa[k;/ Mdhy;
ve;j neuj;jpYk; vijahtJ epidj;Jf;
bfhz;nl ,Uf;Fk; kdijr; Rk;kh
itj;jpUf;f ahuhYk; ,ayhJ/
ekJ bja;tj; je;ijahh; ghoa ,e;jj;
jpUmUl;ghitr; rw;W ftdpg;nghk;/
,d;W tUnkh ehisf;nf tUnkh my;yJ kw;

bwd;W tUnkh mwpnad; v';nfhnt Jd;W ky
btk;khia aw;W btspf;Fs; btsp fle;J
Rk;kh ,Uf;Fk; Rfk;/
,e;jg; ghlypd; bghUs; vd;d>
kdpj clk;gpy; bka;. tha;. fz;. K:f;F.

brtp Mfpa Ie;Jk; ,e;jphpa';fs; MFk;/
bjhLk; czh;t[. Rit czh;t[. ghh;it.
thrid. nfs;tp Mfpa Ie;J czh;t[fs;
,it K:yk; ekf;F vg;nghJk; fpilj;Jf;
bfhz;nl ,Uf;fpd;wd/ ,it g[wj;jpy;
bray;gl;L tUfpd;wd/ mfj;jpny kdk;.
g[j;jp. rpj;jk;. mf';fhuk; vd;fpd;w me;jf;
fuz';fs;; ,a';Ffpd;wd/ mit K:yk;
rpe;jpj;jy;. tprhhpj;jy; epr;rapj;jy;.
bray;gLjy; Mfpa bray;ghLfs; epfH;j;
102
jg;gLfpd;wd/ jtk; bra;a Kaw;rpg;gth;fs;

Kjypy; ,e;jphpa';fspd; bray;ghLfis
epWj;j ntz;Lk;/ ,e;jphpa';fspd; bray;
ghLfs; epd;W tpl;lhYk; fuz';fspd;
bray;ghLfs; epfH;e;J bfhz;Ljhd;
,Uf;Fk;/ mLj;j Kaw;rpahff; fuz';fspd;
bray;ghLfisa[k; epWj;j Kaw;rpf;f
ntz;Lk;/ ,e;jphpa';fs; fuz';fs; Mfpa
midj;jpd; bray;ghLfSk; epd;W tpl;lhy;
mJnt Rk;kh ,Ug;gJ/ ,e;jphpa';fspd;
bray;ghlw;w epiy xU btsp ? fuz';fspd;
bray;ghlw;w epiy xU btsp/ ,e;jphpa btsp
fle;J cs;spUf;Fk; fuzbtspiaf;
flg;gijj;jhd; btspf;Fs; btspfle;J
vd;Wk; me;j epiyapy; njhd;Wk; Rk;kh
,Uf;Fk; Rfk; ,d;W tUnkh ehisf;nf
tUnkh my;yJ kw;bwd;W tUnkh vd;Wk;
V';fpdhh;/
Rk;kh ,Uf;Fk; Rfj;ij milant
vy;yh "hdpfSk; mUk;ghLgl;ldh;/ ve;j
tHpapy; brd;why; me;jr; Rfk; vspjpy;
fpilf;Fk; vd;W gyntW Kiwfspy;
rpe;jpj;jhh;fs;/ mjd; gadhfnt gyntW
rhjidfs; njhd;wpd/
rhjdh rfhak;:
"hdpfs; kdpj clk;gpny K:yhjhuk;.
Rthjpc;&lhdk;. kzpg{ufk;. mehfjk;. tpRj;jp.
103
Mf;"h vd;W MW Mjhu';fs; ,Ug;gjhff;

fz;lhh;fs;/ gpukr;rhpa tpujk; iff;bfhz;L
Rf;fpyj;ij tPzhf;fhky; nrkpj;J K:r;Rg;
gapw;rpapdhy;. K:yhjhuj;jpy; K:z;blGk;
fdiy vGg;gp xt;bthU Mjhukhff; flj;jp
Kothf Mf;"h vDk; g[Utkj;jpf;F me;jf;
fdiyf; bfhzh;e;J m';nf cs;s fjitj;
jpwe;J nky; mDgtj;ijg; bgw ntz;Lk;/
,jw;fhf xU FUthdth; vt;thW cl;fhh;e;J
vt;thW gapw;rp bra;a ntz;Lk; vd;W
cgnjrk; bra;thh;/ me;jf; fhyj;jpy; kf;fs;
fl;Lg;ghl;LlDk; xGf;fj;JlDk; FUgf;jp
epiwa cilatuha[k; ,Ue;jdh;/ ,e;jg;
gapw;rp xUthW mf;fhyj;jpw;nfw;g ,Ue;jJ/
jw;fhyj;jpy; ehfhPfk; vd;w bgauhy; tPl;ow;F
tPL bjhiyf; fhl;rpg; bgl;o (T.V.) nghd;wit
te;Jtpl;l epiyapy; fl;Lg;ghL xGf;fk;
Kjypad monahL Fiwe;J tpl;ld/ vdnt
mk;Kiw jw;fhyj;jpw;F xt;thj xd;whf
Mfptpl;lJ/
jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;sw; bgUkhdhh;
jw;fhyr; N:H;epiyia ed;F mwpe;jtuhjyhy;
gapw;rp Kiwia khw;wp ekf;F Vw;g
mikf;fpwhh;/ Mf;"h vd;fpw g[Ut kj;jpapy;
cs;s fjitj; jpwe;J bfhs;sf; fdy;
njit jhd;/ gpuk;kr;rhpak;. xGf;fk;. FU
gf;jp Kjypait mw;Wg; nghd fhykhf
104
,f;fhyk; tps';Ftjhy; ekJ K:yhjhuj;jpy;

K:z;blG fdiy ehnk nknyw;wpf; bfhs;tJ
rhj;akpy;iy/ vdnt Mf;"h gPlj;jpd;
fjitj; jpwe;J bfhs;sj; njitahd
btg;gj;ij ntbwhUthplkpUe;J bgw;Wf;
bfhs; vd;fpwhh; ts;syhh;/ jf;f Mrhhpaidf;
bfhz;L bew;wpf; fz;izj; jpwe;J bfhs;s
ntz;Lk; vd;W ts;syhh; nghjpj;jjpd;
nehf;fk; ,Jnt/ giHa fhyj;J Kiwg;go
gapw;rp; bra;jhy; K:yhjhuj;jpd; fdiy
xt;nthh; Mjhukhf nknyw;wp Mf;"htpw;Ff;
bfhz;Ltu mnef Mz;Lfs; gpof;Fk;/
mt;tst[ ciHg;iga[k; vspjhf;fpj; jf;f
Mrhhpaidf; bfhz;L clnd jpwe;J
bfhs;S';fs;; vd;fpwhh;/ rd;khh;f;fj;jpy; xU
rpyh; rpyiu Mrhhpauhff; bfhz;L rhjfk;
bra;J tUfpd;whh;fs;/
fhprhiy mhpaJ:
mhpaJ
FUtpd; cgnjrk; bgw;W gpuzhahkg;
gapw;rpia me;jf; fhyj;jpy; Kiwahfr;
bra;J te;jhh;fs;/ ,jDila gyd; ahbjdpy;
eho. Rj;jp mjhtJ ,uj;jk; Rj;jkhFk;/
,e;jf; fhynkh gpuhzhahkk; bra;ag; nghjpa
neuk; xJf;f Koahj mtruf; fhykhf
cs;sJ/ gpuhzhahkj;jpd; mtrpaj;ija[k;
kf;fspd; jw;nghija epiyiaa[k; ed;F
105
czh;e;j ts;sw; bgUe;jif fhprhiyiar;

rhg;gpL';fs; vd;fpwhh;/ myl;rpak; bra;ahky;
fhprhiyiaj; jpnd jpnd gr;irahfthtJ
my;yJ rikay; bra;jhtJ rhg;gpl ntz;Lk;/
mg;gor; rhg;gpl;lhy; ,uj;jk; Rj;jkhtJld;
mrf;jKk; eP';Fk; vd;fpwhh;/ nkYk; gpujk
cs;Slk;ig ePof;fr; bra;a[khk;/ czt[
$Puzpg;gjw;F Kf;fpa cWg;ghfpa fy;yPuiyg;
ghJfhj;J nehaw;w thH;itj; jUk;/
kfhd;fsplj;jpy; brd;W mndf fhyk;
fhj;jpUe;jhYk; ,jd; kfpikia btspapl
khl;lhh;fs; vd;Wk; Rl;of; fhl;o
vt;tpjj;jhyhtJ fhprhiyiaj; jpnd jpnd
rhg;gpl ntz;Lk; vd;W nghjpf;fpd;whh;/
106
jtk;
mjpfhiy 4/30 kzp Kjy; 6 kzp

tiu mKjf; fhw;W g{kpapy; tpahgfkhf
,Ug;gjhy; xt;bthUtUk; mtrpak; fhiy
4/30 kzpf;nf vGe;J tpl ntz;Lk;/
vGe;jt[ld; fhiyf; flid Koj;Jf;
bfhz;L ek; bgUkhdhh; Twpa[s;sgo gy;
nja;j;J Kof;f ntz;Lk;/
gpd;dh; jdp ,lk; xd;wpy; Rfhrdk;
,l;Lr; brt;itahf cl;fhh;eJ
; bfhs;s
ntz;Lk;/ gpd;dh; @m';@ vd;W bksdkhff;
Tw ntz;Lk;/ mg;gor; brhy;Yk;nghJ ehf;F
ve;j epiyapy; epd;wnjh mt;thnw
mirahky; ehit epWj;jp thia kl;Lk;
mGj;jkhf ,uhJ rhjhuzkhf cjLld;
cjL nrUk;go K:of; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/
gpd;dh; ,U fz;fSk; g[Ut kj;jpia
nehf;Fk;gor; bra;J fz;fspd; fhpa kzpfs;
ve;j epiyapy; cs;sdnth mtw;iw mnj
epiyapy; epWj;jp ,ikfis K:l ntz;Lk;/
107
gpd;dh; g[Utkj;jpapy; Mrhdhy; njhw;W

tpf;fg;gl;l czh;it kl;Lk; ed;whff; Th;e;J
ftdpf;f ntz;Lk;/
,e;j neuj;jpy; ve;j ke;jpuj;ija[k;
b$gpf;f ntz;oajpy;iy/ Vbddpy; kdk;
bray;gl;lhy; ,iw mDgtk; Vw;glhJ/ me;j
czh;it kl;Lk; ftdpj;Jf; bfhz;nl
,Ue;jhy; ehsiltpy; czh;t[ gyg;gLk;/
ehjk;:
ehjk; xypf;fj; Jt';Fk;/ ehj xyp
nfl;lhy; ,iw mDgtk; Vw;glg; nghfpd;wJ
vd;W czuyhk;/ ,iwtd; tUfpd;whd; vd;W
me;j ehjk; czh;j;Jfpd;wjhk;/ Mjhuk;/
kd;dh; ehjh; mk;gyth; te;jhh; te;jhh;

vd;W jpUr;rpd;d ehjk; vd;dpuz;L
brtpfspDs; brhy;Yfpd;wnj@
muR tUfpd;w bjd;nw miwfpd;nwd; eP jhd;

IaKnwy; cw;Wf;nfs; mirahJ njhHp
KuR r';F tPiz Kjy; ehj xyp kpft[k;
KH';FtJ jpUnkdp tH';F bja;t
kze;jhd;
tpur v';Fk; tPRtJ ehrp caph;j;jwpf
tPjpbayhk; mUl;n$hjp tps';FtJ fhz;f
gurp vjph; bfhs;SJk; ehk; fw;g{u tpsf;Fg;
108
ghpe;bjLj; bjd;Dld; tUf bjhpe;jLj;J

kfpH;e;nj (5764)
tlY}h; ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; jdJ 12tJ

tajpy; "hd thH;itj; bjhl';fpdhh;/ 1867y;
jUkr;rhiy bjhl';fpa gpwF. mtuJ jtk;
me;jr; rhiyapny epiwt[w;wjhf mwptpf;
fpd;whh;/ vy;yh xGf;f';fSk; g{uzkhff;
iftug; bgw;wth; ek; bgUkhdhh;/ gpwe;j
nghnj "hd mwpt[ld; gpwe;jth;/ cznth.
cilnah. bghd;ndh. bghUnsh vjd; kPJk;
gw;wpy;yhky; ,Ue;J jtk; bra;jjdhy; 32
Mz;Lfspy; Rj;j njfk; bgw;W tpl;lhh;/
Mjhuk; :
fhiyapny vd;wdf;nf fpilj;j bgUk; bghUns

fspg;ng vd; fUj;jfj;nj fdpe;j
eW';fdpna
nkiyapny ,k;ikapny xUikapny jtj;jhy;
nkt[fpd;w bgUk; gadhk; tpisitbayhk;
jUkr;
rhiyapny xU gfypy; je;jjdpg;gjpna rkur
rd;khh;f;fr; r';fj; jiyakh;e;j epjpna
khiyapny rpwe;j bkhHp khiyazpe;jhLk;
khelj;junr vd; khiya[k; mzpe;J
kfpH;e;jUns/
ehj xyp nfl;f Muk;gpj;j gpd;

czh;t[ld; ehjj;ija[k; cw;Wf; nfl;f
109
ntz;Lk;/ mt;thW nfl;Lf; bfhz;oUe;jhy;

me;j ehjkhdJ KuR. r';F. tPiz Kjyhf
xypf;Fk;/ mnj neuj;jpy; ,e;jj;
J}anjfj;jpypUe;J kyh; kzk; tPRk;
vd;fpd;whh; ek; bgUkhdhh;/ (Mjhuk;)
mk;gyj;nj jpUel";bra; mokyh; vd; Konky;

mzpe;J bfhz;nld; md;bghLk; vd;
MUaph;f;Fk; mzpe;njd;
vk;guj;nj kzf;Fk; me;j kyh; kzj;ij njhHp
vd; ciug;ngd; ciuf;f btd;why; vd;
mstd;wJnt
tk;gpirj;nj dd;wo eP vd;dUnf ,Ue;Jd;
kzp ehrp milg;gjidj; jpwe;J
Kfh;e;jwpfhz;
ek;g[W ghh; Kjy; ehj tiua[s ehl;ltUk; ed;F
Kfh;e;jdh; tpae;jhh; ed;kzk; <bjdnt
kyh; kzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dh;; bgU";n$hjp;

njhw;wkhFk;/
mfj;nj me;jf; fhl;rpiaf; fz;L
fspf;Fk; ntisapy; kjp kz;lyj;jKjk;
ehtpd; tHpahf ,w';Fk;/ me;j mKjk;
cz;lth;fs; kuzkiltjpy;iy/
xf;f mKjj;ij cz;nlhk; ,dpr;
rw;Wk;
tpf;fy; tuhJ fz;lha; vd;W ghLthh;/
110
,jDld; rpw;rig mDgtk; epiwt[Wfpd;wJ/

ngbuhspapd; eLnt bghd;bdhsp njhd;Wk;/
,g;bghd;bdhspna bghw;rig MFk;/
,g;bghd;bdhspapd; eLnt brt;bthsp

njhd;Wk;/ ,Jnt ,iwtd; ,jd; mirnt
eluhr eldk;/ ,e;j xsp clk;gpy; fyg;gnj
,iwtDld; fyj;jy; MFk;/ ,e; epfH;r;rp
,e;j epyt[yfpy; clk;g[ cs;s nghnj Vw;gl
ntz;Lk;/ ,e;j mDgtk; bgw;wth;fns
flt[s;epiy mwpe;J mk;kakhdth;fs;/
mth;fs; njfk; vd;Wk; vjdhYk;
mHptjpy;iy/ ts;syhh; bgw;w mDgtk;
,Jnt/ ehk; xt;bthUtUk; bgw ntz;oa
mDgtKk; ,Jnt/ ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; Jiz
,Ue;J ekf;Fk; mth; bgw;w ngw;wpid
mspg;ghuhf/
Md;kh:
h
kdpj njfj;jpy; Md;khthdJ jdpj;J
,Uf;fpwJ/ mjdhy; mJ clk;ig tpl;L
btspnawp kuzj;ij clk;gpw;F
Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ/ me;j Md;khit ,Ujak;
EiuaPuy; nghd;w cs; cWg;ghf khw;wpdhy;
mJ clk;ig tpl;L btspnawhJ/ ehk;
bra;af; Toa jtj;jpd; tpist[ me;j
111
Md;khit mf cWg;ghf khw;WtjhFk;/

mjw;bfdnt rpw;rigahfpa g[Ut kj;jp
kdpjDf;Fj; jug;gl;Ls;sJ/ Mjhuk; :
mfg;g{ mft[Wg;ghf;f mjw;fit

mfj;nj tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp
(mfty;)
vdnt g[Ut kj;jpapy; kdij epWj;jpj;

jtk; bra;J Md;khit cs; cWg;ghf;fp mJ
btspnaw bthl;lhky; jLj;J tplyhk;/ jt
btg;gk; Vw Vwj; J}y clk;ghdJ Rj;j
njfkhfkhWk;/ kuzj;ij ,t;thW jtph;f;f
Koa[k;/ rpe;jpg;nghk; ? ts;syhh; fhl;Lk;
tHpiaj; Jy;ypakhf mwpar; rd;khh;f;f
r';fj;ijr; rhh;nthk;/ mth; fhl;oa tHp
ele;J kuzj;ij bty;nthk;/ vd;Wk;
thH;nthk;/ thH;f ts;syhh; xsp bewp/ tsh;f
Md;k neak;/
112
tpdh tpil
1) jf;f Mrhhpaidf; bfhz;L bew;wpf;

fz;izj; jpwf;fg; bgw;Wf; bfhs;s
ntz;Lk; vd;W ts;syhh; Twpa[s;shh;/
jf;f Mrhhpadpd; yl;rzk; vd;d>
ts;sy; bgUe;jif mUl;bgU";n$hjp

mfty; vd;w xd;iw (1596 thpfs;
bfhz;lJ) vGjpa[s;shh;/ mjpny rhfhf;
fy;tpapd; juk; ,J vd tpsf;fpa[s;shh;/
thpfs; 1039 Kjy; 1066 tiu)
1/ rh!;j;jpu "hdk; (gu "hdk;)

2/ mDgt "hdk; (mgu "hdk;)
3/ kjp epiy ? utpapd; tsh; epiy ?
mdypd; jpjp epiy
4/ fz epiy ? mtw;wpd; ? fU
epiy
5/ gjp epiy ? gR epiy ? ghr
epiy
6/ gpuk ufrpak;
113
7/ guk ufrpak;
8/ rpt ufrpak;
9/ rj;jpay; ? rpj;jpay;
10/ mwpgit
11/ nfl;git
12/ fhz;git
13/ bra;git
14/ cz;git
,tw;iw ed;F mwpe;J tpsf;ff;

Toath;fis xUthW FUthf Vw;Wf;
bfhs;syhk;
(my;yJ)
g[j;jp jj;Jtj;jhy; ed;ik jPikia
tprhhpj;J ed;ikna cUtha; tps';Fk;/
bghpahiuj; Jiz bfhz;L mtuhy;
,lg;gLk; jpUg;gzpiaf; iff;bfhz;L
,ilawhJ bra;apy; mt;tUisg; bgwyhk;
(ciueil gf;fk; 453)
,t;thW njoa[k; xU FUit

milayhk;/
2/ bew;wpf; fz;izj; jpwe;J
bfhz;ljw;F vd;d milahsk;>
bew;wpapd; g[Ut kj;jpapy; vWk;g[
Ch;tJnghy Xh; czh;t[ Vw;gLk;/ me;j
czh;itf; ftdpg;gnj jpahd Muk;gk;/
114
bew;wpf; fz;izj; jpwe;J

bfhz;ljw;F me;j czh;nt
milahskhFk;/
3/ ve;bje;j ntisfspy; jpahdk; bra;a

ntz;Lk;>
fhiy.khiy. kj;jpahdk;. ,ut[.
ahkk; itfiw ,e;j MW
ntisfspYk; jpahdk; bra;a ntz;Lk;/
Mjhuk;
kLf;fEk; nguUs; jz; mKJ vdf;nf
khiya[k; fhiya[k; kj;jpahdj;Jk;
fLf;Fk; ,utpDk; ahkj;Jk; tpoaw;
fhiyapYk; je;J vd; fLk;grp jPh;j;J
vLf;F ew;whbahLk; ,ize;J epw;fpd;wPh;
,iwatnu ck;ik ,';F fz;ly;yhy;
mLf;ftpH; fiy vLj;J cLf;ft[k; khl;nld;
mUl;bgU";n$hjpaPh; Miz Ek;kPnj
(ghly; vz; 532)
4/ jpahdk; bra;a[k;nghJ kdjpy; vij

epidf;f ntz;Lk;>
vija[k; epidf;ff; TlhJ/ g[Ut

kj;jpapy; Vw;gLk; me;j czh;it
kl;Lk; ftdpf;f ntz;Lk;/ ehj xyp
115
nfl;fpd;wjh vd;W kl;Lk; Th;e;J

ftdpf;f ntz;Lk;/ jpahdk; bra;a[k;
ntisapy; K:r;R tyJ gf;fk; tUk;go
tyJ fhiy ,lJ fhypd; nky;
itj;Jr; Rfhrdj;jpy; brt;itahf
mku ntz;Lk;/ Mjhuk; :
N:hpa fiy vd;gJ tyJ ehrpapy;

Rthrpg;gJ/
re;jpu fiy vd;gJ ,lJ ehrpapy;
Rthrpg;gJ/
N:hpa fiyapy; jpahdk; bra;a ntz;Lk;

vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;/
@My kuj;joapy; N:hpaid tz';f
ntz;oaJ vd;gJ vd;bddpy; N:hpa
fiyapy; jpahdk; Kjypa bray;fs;
bra;a ntz;oaJ gw;wpr; brhd;dJ/@
(ciueil gf;fk; 398 jiyg;g[ 80)
vija[k; epidf;fhky; ehjj;ij
cw;Wf; nfl;f ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;F
Mjhuk; :
muR tUfpd;w bjd;nw miwfpd;nwd; eP jhd;
IaKnwy; cw;Wf;nfs; mirahJ njhHp
KuR r';F tPiz Kjy; ehj xyp kpft[k;
KH';FtJ jpUnkdp tH';F bja;t kze;jhd;
tpur v';Fk; tPRtJ ehrp caph;j;jwpf
116
tPjpvyhk; mUl;n$hjp tps';FtJ fhz;f

gurp vjph; bfhs;SJk; ehk; fw;g{u tpsf;Fg;
ghpe;bjLj; bjd;Dld; tUf bjhpe;jLj;J
kfpH;e;nj (2498)
5/ $gk; jpahdk; jtk; K:d;iwa[k;
tpsf;Ff/
FUthdth; cgnjrpf;Fk; ke;jpuj;ijg;

gyKiw cr;rhpg;gJ $gk;/
g[wj;nj Xh; cUtj;ij itj;J

mjid cs;ns fhz Kaw;rpg;gJ
jpahdk;/
vija[k; epidahky; kdij xU

epiyapy; itj;Jr; bray;glhky;
,e;jphpa';fisa[k; fuz';fisa[k;
epWj;Jtnj jtk;/
6/ ,e;j tpsf;f';fl;F vd;d Mjhuk;>
$gk; :
brt;tha;f; fpHik tpuj Kiw ek;

bgUkhdhh; vGjpaUspapUf;fpwhh;/ mjpy;
mth; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ
117
@Xk; tapj;jpa eh jha ek vd;W

E}w;bwl;L. Mapuj;bjl;L ,uz;oy; ve;j
msthtJ brgpj;J ////////@ (ciueil
gf;fk; 583)
jpahdk;
@jpahdk; bra;a ntz;Lkhfpy;

VjhtJ Xh; cUtj;ijj; jpahdpf;f
ntz;Lk;/ epc;&fskha; ,Uf;fg;glhJ/
cUtkhf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;/ mUtkhfj;
jpahdpf;fg;glhJ/ gpd; cUt';fiue;J
mUtkhFk;/ Jitjkhf ,Ue;jhy;
mj;itjk; jhnd MFk;/ vg;go vdpy;
ghh;f;Fk; jhd; bfLtJ mj;itjk;/
ghh;f;fg;gLk; bghUSk; bfLtJ mjPjk;
rj;jpak;/@ (ciueil gf;fk; 398/
jiyg;g[ 81/ jpahdk;)
jtk;
,d;W tUnkh ehisf;nf tUnkh my;yJ kw;
bwd;W tUnkh mwpnad; v';nfhnt Jd;Wky
btk;khia aw;W btspf;Fs; btsp fle;J
Rk;kh ,Uf;Fk; Rfk;/
kd; g[Ut eL Kjyh kdk; g[ijj;J beL';fhyk;

vd; g[Utha;j; jtk; bra;thh; vy;yhUk; Vkhf;f
118
md;g[Utk; bgw;wjd; gpd; mUSUtk;

mile;J
gpd;dh;
,d;g[Utk; Mapid eP vHpy; thjt{h; ,iwna/
g[Ut kj;jpapy; kdk; g[ijj;J

epw;gnj jtk; vd;gJk; ,e;jphpa';fSk;
fuz';fSk; fle;J Rk;kh ,Ug;gnj
mjd; Rfk; vd;gJk; tps';Fk;/
7/ $gk;. jpahdk;. jtk; Mfpa K:d;wpDs;

ts;syhh; bra;jJ vd;d>
jtk; jhd;/ (Mjhuk;)
ehnd jtk; g[hpe;njd; ek; bgUkhd; ey;yUshy;

ehnd mUl;rpj;jp ehlile;njd; ? ehnd
mHpah totk; mit K:d;Wk; bgw;nwd;
,Hpahky;MLfpd;nwd; ,';F (2247)
jhd; jtk; g[hpe;jijg; gyg;gy

ghly;fspy; ts;syhh; TWfpd;whh;/
8/ jtk; bra;nthh; milaf; Toa

mDgt';fis thpirg; gLj;jpf; Tw
Koa[kh>
Kf;fpakhd rpwg;g[ tha;e;j

mDgt';fis ts;sw; bgUe;jif
vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;whh;/
119
1/ g[Ut kj;jpapy; czh;t[

2/ ehj mDgtk;
3/ fhl;rp mDgtk;
4/ mKjk; cz;Qqjy;
5/ ,iwtndhL fye;J kuzj;ij
bty;Yjy;
Mjhuk;
1) Rw;wJ kw;wt;tHp khN:jJ vd;W vz;zhj;
bjhz;lbuyhk; fw;fpd;whh; gz;Lkpd;W';
fhzhh;
vw;w Jk;g[ kzpkd;wpy; ,d;g elk; g[hpa[k;
vd;Dila Jiuna ehd; epd;Dila
mUshy;
fw;wJ epd;dplj;nj gpd; nfl;lJ
epd;dplj;nj
fz;lJ epd;dplj;nj cl;bfhz;lJ
epd;dplj;nj
bgw;wJ epd;dplj;nj ,d;g[w;wJ epd;dplj;nj
bghpa jtk; g[hpe;njd; vd; bgw;wp
mjprank (3044)
2) mwpgit vyhk; mwptpj; bjd;Ds;ns

gpwptw tps';Fk; bghpa rw;FUnt
nfl;git vyhk; nfl;gpj; bjd;Dns
ntl;ifapd; tps';Fk; tpky rw;FUnt
fhz;git bayhk; fhl;L tpj;bjdf;nf
khz;gjk; mspj;J ta';F rw;FUnt
bra;git vyhk; bra; tpj;bjdf;nf
120
ca;git mspj;bjDs; X';F rw;FUnt

cz;git vyhk; cz;Qqtpj; bjd;Ds;
gz;gpdpy; tps';Fk; guk rw;FUnt
(mfty; thp 1055 ? 1064)
9/ ntW mDgt';fs; VnjDk; cz;lh>
i) ehj mDgtj;jpy; ,e;j clk;gpypUe;J

kyh; kzk; tPRk;/ Mjhuk;
mk;gyj;nj jpUel";bra; mokyh; vd; Konky;

mzpe;J bfhz;nld; md;bghLk; vd;
MUaph;f;Fk; mzpe;njd;
vk;guj;nj kzf;Fk; me;j kyh; kzj;ijj; njhHp
vd; ciug;ngd; ciuf;f vd;why;
vd;dstd;wJnt
tk;gpirj;njd; md;wo eP vd; mUnf ,Ue;Jd;
kzp ehrp milg;gjidj; jpwe;J
Kfh;e;jwpfhz;
ek;g[W ghh;Kjy; ehjtiua[s ehl;ltUk;
ed;F Kfh;e;jdh; tpae;jhh; ed; kzk;
<bjdnt (2448)
ii) ,iwtDld; fye;j gpd;dh; clk;gpy;
fw;g{u kzk; tPRkhk;/ Mjhuk;
fw;g{uk; kzf;fpd;wbjd; clk;g[ KGJk; fzth;
jpUnkdpapny fye;j kzk; mJjhd;
,w;g{j kzk;nghny kiwtjd;W fz;lha;,aw;if
kzk; Jhpa epiw ,iw totj;Jsnj
121
bghw;g{t[k; eWkzKk; fz;lwpahh; cyfh;

g[z;zpadhh; jpUtotpy; ez;zpa thwJnt
ew;g{jp mzpe;j jpUtot[ Kw;Wk; njhHp
ehd; fz;nld; ehd; g[zh;e;njd; ehd; mJ
Mndnd (2457)
iii) g[Ut kj;jpapy; Vw;gLk; czh;tDgtk;

bjhlh;e;J ,uhky; rpy fhyk;
jilgl;oUf;Fk; Mjhuk;/
,th;f;Fk; vdf;Fk; bgU tHf;fpUf;fpd;wJ / / /

md;W ,njh tUfpd;nwd; vd;W nghdth; m';nf
ahh; bra;j jilahnyh ,Ue;jhh; vd;
ifapy; r';if
,d;W jk; ifapy; bfhz;nl te;J epw;fpd;whh;
,';nf ,e;jf; fjit K:L ,th; nghtjpdp
v';nf (1232)
,e;jg; ghly; Mwhk; jpUKiwf;
fPh;j;jidg; gFjpapy; cs;sJ/ Ie;jhk;
jpUKiwapypUe;J kw;WbkhU ghliyf;
fhzyhk;/
jdpj;j guehj Koj;jyj;jpd; kpirj; jiyj;nj
jiytbuyhk; tz';f epd;w jiytd;
eluh$d;
,dpj;j Rfk; mwpe;J bfhsh ,sk; gUte;jdpny
vd; g[Ut eL ,Ue;jhd; gpd;g[ fz;nld;
,y;iy
mdpj;jkpyh ,r; rhpjk; ahh;f;Fiug;ngd; me;njh
122
mtd; mwpthd; ehd; mwpntd; maywpthh;

csnuh
Jdpj;j epiy tpLj;bjhUfhy; Rj;j epiy
mjdpy; Rf'; fz;Lk; tpLntndh brhy;yha;
vd; njhHp (3026)
(iv) bjhlh;e;J Kd;ndw Koahky;

gytpjkhd jilfs; Vw;gLk;:
ehk; ,e;j epiyf;F cah;e;J tpl;nlhk;
vd;w Mztk; Vw;glyhk;/
jtj;jpy; Kjypy; ,Ue;j Mh;tk;
gog;goahff; Fiwe;J nghfyhk;/
mf';fhuk; Vw;gl;Lj; jtj;ijj; jil
bra;ayhk;/
kz;. bgz;. bghd;. g[fH; ,g;go

VjhfpYk; Xh; ,r;irapy; kdk; gw;wyhk;/
Mztk;. khia. fd;kk; Mfpa

Kk;ky';fisj; jLf;f mUs; Jiz
fpl;lhkYk; nghfyhk;/ (Mjhuk;)
"hdkzpg; bghJel";bra; jpUto fz;olnt

elf;fpd;nwd; me;njh Kd; ele;j tHp
mwpnad;
CdkpFk; Mztkhk; ghtp vjph;g; gLnkh
cilikbayhk; gwpj;jpLnkh eilbkype;J
nghnkh
123
<dKWk; mf';fhug; g[yp FWf;nf tUnkh

,r;ir baDk; ,uhf;fjg; nga; vidg;
gpoj;Jf; bfhSnkh
Mdkyj; jil ePf;f mUs; Jizjhd; cWnkh
Iah; jpUt[sk; vJnth ahJ kwpe;jpynd/
(119)
10/ ehk; jt mDgtj;jpy; tsh;e;J

tUfpnwhk; vd;gjw;F vspa mDgtk;
VnjDk; cz;lh>
ehk; cz;Qqfpd;w cztpd; mst[k; ehk;
J}';Ffpd;w J}f;fj;jpd; mst[k;
Fiwe;J bfhz;nl tUk;/ MirfSk;
Fiwe;J tUk;/ Mjhuk;
@jpahdk; kakhdhy; bghrpg;g[ khWk;@
(ciueil gf;fk; 533)
11/ jtk; bra;a vg;go cl;fhh;e;J vt;thW

bra;a ntz;Lk;>
,lJ fhypd; kPJ tyJ fhy;

,Uf;Fk;gor; Rfhrdk; ,l;L
mkuntz;Lk;/ KJF neuhf ,Uf;f
ntz;Lk;/ ,uz;L fz;fisa[k;
g[Utkj;jpia nehf;Fk;go epWj;j
ntz;Lk;/ bjw;F nehf;fp cl;fhu
ntz;Lk;/ kdjpy; vija[k; epidahky;
124
g[Ut kj;jpapy;; njhd;Wk; czh;tpy;

kl;Lk; ehl;lk; itf;f ntz;Lk;/
12/ bjw;F nehf;fp cl;fhu ntz;Lk;

vd;gjw;F vd;d Mjhuk;>
jpU mUl;gh ciueilapy;

ts;syhh; Twpa[s;sJ/
fpHf;F ? jpf;if nehf;fpj; jpahdk;
bra;fpd;wJ nghf rpj;jpiag;
bgWfpd;wjw;F
nkw;F ? brhh;z rpj;jpiag;
bgWfpwjw;F
bjw;F ? rhfhf;fiyia (epj;jpa
njfj;ija[k; "hd
rpj;jpiaa[k;) bgWfpwjw;F
tlf;F ? rpj;j Rj;jpiag; bgWfpwjw;F
bjw;F rhfhf; fiyia epj;jpa

njfj;ijj; jUtjhy; bjw;F nehf;fp
cl;fhu ntz;Lk;/
(ciueil gf;fk; 349)
13) fz;fs; ,uz;Lk; g[Ut kj;jpia
nehf;f ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;F vd;d
Mjhuk;>
,e;jg; ghliyf; ftdpa[';fs; :
md;dg; ghh;g;ghy; mHfhk; epiya{nl
mk;gyk; bra;J epd;whLk; mHfh;
125
Jd;dg; ghh;j;J vd; caph;j; njhHpa[k; ehDk;

N:jhLfpd;w mr;N:Hypy; te;nj
cd;idg; ghh;j;Jd;Ds;ns vd;idg; ghuhnj
Ciug; ghh;j;njho cHy;fpd;w bgz;nz
vd;idg; ghh; vd;fpd;whh; vd;do mk;kh
vd;if gpof;fpd;whh; vd;do mk;kh/
(2404)
14/ nkw;Twpa ghlypd; tpsf;fk; vd;d>
md;dg; ghh;g;g[ vd;gJ md;dg;

gwitf; F";R MFk;/ md;dg;
gwitia nehpy; ghh;f;fhtpl;lhYk;
glj;jpy; ghh;j;jpUf;fpd;nwhk;/ thj;jpd;
cly; nghYk; bfhf;fpd; fGj;jpd;
nghYk; ,Uf;Fk;/ ekJ fz;fs; md;dg;
gwitapd; clyhf ,Uf;Fk;gog; glk;
xd;W tiue;jhy; mJ ,t;thW
,Uf;Fk;
md;dg; gwitapd; mHfhd epiy g[Ut

kj;jpiaf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ/ me;j epiyna
126
mk;gyk; vd;gJ/ m';nf eldk;

MLfpd;whdhk; ,iwtd;/ Jd;dg;
ghh;j;J vd;why; beU';fpg; ghh;j;J vd;W
bghUs;/ fz;fs; ,uz;odhYk; g[Ut
kj;jpia nehf;fpdhy; mit beU';Fk;/
15/ ve;jtpjr; rhjid bra;a ntz;Lk; vJ

ntz;lhk; vd;W ts;syhh; v';fhtJ
TwpapUf;fpwhuh>
,lJ ehrpj;Jthuj;jpy; K:r;ir

,Gj;J cs;ns rpwpJ neuk; mlf;fpg;
gpd;dh; tyJ ehrpj; Jthuj;jpd;
tHpahf btspna tpl;L kWgo tyJ
ehrpapy; ,Gj;J cs;ns mlf;fp ,lJ
ehrp tHpahf btspna tpLfpd;w Rthrg;
gapw;rp xd;W cz;L/ ,jw;F
vz;zpf;if mst[Tl cz;L/ ,ijg;
g{ufk; Fk;gfk; nurfk; vd;W
TWthh;fs;/ ,e;jg; gapw;rp ntz;lhk;
vd;fpwhh;/
fz;fspYs;s fUtpHpia kiwf;fr;

bra;jYk;. mtw;iwr; Rw;WjYk;.
mtw;iwf; bfhz;L ,ikahky; cw;W
nehf;FjYk; nghd;w gapw;rpa[k; ntz;lhk;
vd;fpwhh;/
127
Xh; Mrhid mile;J mtdplk;

mwpt[ tpsf;fk; bgw;W fuz';fs;
eP';fpf; fdy; vGk;g[fpd;w gapw;rp
ntz;Lk; vd;fpd;whh;/
Mjhuk;/
gw;WjYk; tpLjYk; cs; mlf;FjYk; kPl;Lk;

gLjbyhL RLjYk; g[z;gLj;jYk; ,y;yhnj
cw;bwhsp bfhz;nlh';fp v';Fk; jd; kakha; "hd
cUthfp caph;f;Fapuha; X';Ffpd;w beUg;ng
Rw;WjYk; njhd;WjYk; kiwjYk; btr;brd;nw
RLjYk; ,y;yhJ vd;Wk; Jy';Ffpd;w Rlnu
Kw;Wk; czh;e;jth; csj;nj jpUr;rpw;wk;gyj;nj
Ka';Fk; elj;junr vd; bkhHpa[k; mzpe;jUns/
(850)
gw;Wjy;: K:r;Rf;fhw;iw cs;ns

,Gj;jy; ? g{ufk;
tpLjy;: K:r;Rf;fhw;iw
btspna tpLjy; ? nurfk;
cs;slf;Fjy;: K:r;Rf;fhw;iw cs;nsna
mlf;Fjy; Fk;gfk;
kPz;Lk; gLjy; ? ,t;thW kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; bra;jy;
RLjy; ? btg;gk; cz;lhFjy;

128
g[z;gLj;jy; ?K:yj;jpy; uj;jk; btspg;gLjy;

,y;yhJ ?,it ,y;yhky;
Rw;WjYk; ?fz;fisr; RHw;Wk; gapw;rp
njhd;WjYk; mg;gona fz;fis epWj;Jjy;
kiwjYk; fUtpHpiag; gpd;gf;fk; jpUg;gp
bts;is epwk; kl;Lk;
btspna bjhpa[k;gor; bra;jy;
btr;brd;nw rLjYk; ? fz;fis ,ikf;fhJ
epWj;jp vhpf;Fk;gor; bra;jy;
,y;yhJ ? ,itfs; ,y;yhky;
cw;W xsp bfhz;L ? Mrhhpad; mDf;fpufj;jhy;
xsp bgw;W
X';fp ? mjid tsur; bra;a[k; jtk;
,J ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhh;/
16/ mt!;j;ijfs; vj;jid> mit

ahit>
mt!;j;ijfs; K:d;W ? mitahtd

$hf;uj;. brhg;dk;. RGj;jp vd;gdthFk;/
17/ mtw;wpd; tpsf;fk; vd;d>
cs;sk; gpj;j cc;&zj;njhL To

yyhl!;jhdj;jpy; epw;gJ $hf;uj;/
brhg;dkhtJ thj ehonahL Tof;fz;l
!;jhdj;jpy; ,Ug;gJ RGj;jpahtJ
cs;sk; rpnyj;Jk; ehonahL To khh;g[
129
!;jhdj;jpy; epw;gJ (ciueil gf;fk;

395. jiyg;g[ 70)
18/ mUspaypy; cs;sth;fis vj;jid

tifaha; ts;syhh; gphpf;fpwhh;>
moah; vd;Wk; md;gh; vd;Wk;

,uz;lhfg; gphpf;fpd;whh;/ Mjhuk;/
broaWj;nj jpl njfKk; nghfKk;

moaUf;nf jUk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp
Jd;gWj;J xU rpt Jhpa Rfe;jid

md;gUf;nf jUk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp
19/ moaUf;Fk; md;gUf;Fk; cs;s

tpj;jpahrk; vd;d>
jpl njfKk; nghfKk; kl;Lk; moah;

bgWth;/ Jhpa Rfk; md;gUf;Ff;
fpl;Lk;/
20/ md;gh; vd;gth; ahh;>
130
md;gh; vd;gJ bghUs; g[fHhjpiaf;

Fwpj;Jg; gapy;nthiu ePf;fpr; rpthde;jk;
ve;ehs; milJk; vd;W ,iltplhJ
mjidna tpUk;gpg; gapy;nthiuf;
Fwpj;jJ vd;W czh;f/
(ciueil gf;fk; 170 ?
xHptpbyhLf;fg; ghapu tpUj;jp)
mfg; gzpahfpa jtk; bra;nthiu

md;gh; vd;W jpU mUl;gh
tpsf;Ffpd;wJ/ Mjhuk;
kzthsh; tUfpd;w jUzkpJ kltha;

khspifapd; thapbyyhk; tsk;bgw eP g[idf
Fzthsh; miza[k; kyh; miz mfj;ij ehnd
Fyt[ kzp tpsf;fj;jhy; my';fhpf;fg;
g[Fntd;
jzthj Rfe;jUk; vd; jdpf; fzth; thpnyh
rw;Wk; may; thjidfs; cw;wpLjy; Mfh
mzthj kdj;jtiug; g[wg; gzpf;nf tpLf
md;g[ilahh; fSf;fpLf mfg;gzp bra;jplnt
(2466)
21/ Kd; brhd;d ghliy tpsf;Ff :-
kzthsh; tUfpd;w jUzkpJ kltha;
131
vd;id kze;j vd; fzth; tUk; neuk;

,JthFk; njhHp
njhHp vd;gJ kdk;
khspifapd; thapbyyhk; tsk;bgw eP g[idf/
khspif ? njfk;
thapy; ? bka; tha; fz; K:f;F brtp
Mfpa ,e;jphpa';fs;
,e;j njfj;jpYs;s Ie;J

,e;jphpa';fshfpa bka;. tha;. fz;.
K:f;F. brtp Mfpaitw;iw Fw;w';fs;
,y;yhJ J}a;ikahf itj;Jf; bfhs;/
Kjypy; ,e;jphpa xGf;fj;jpw;F th
vd;W bghUs;/
Fzthsh; miza[k; kyh; miz

mfj;ij ehnd
Fyt[ kzp tpsf;fj;jhy; my';fhpf;fg;
g[Fntd;
vy;yh ew;Fz';fSk; mikag;

bgw;w vd; fzth; vd;id mizaf;
Toa ,lk; vd; mfkhfpa g[Ut
kj;jpapy; cs;s kyuizna ahFk;/
me;j kyuizia ehnd vd; ,uz;L
fz;fis beUf;fpg; ghh;j;J mHF
gLj;Jntd;/
kzp ? vd;gJ fz;kzp
132
Fyt[ ? vd;gJ ,Uth; kfpH;t[ld;

beU';fp beU';fp;
cwthLtijf; Fyht[jy;
vd;fpnwhk;/,uz;L fz;fSk;
beU';fpg; g[Ut kj;jpia
nehf;Ftijna Fyt[ kzp
tpsf;fk; vd;whh;/
jzthj Rfe;jUk; vd; jdpf; fzth;

thpnyh rw;Wk; may; thjidfs;
cw;wpLjy; Mfh/
jzpahj ,d;gk; mspf;fpd;w vdJ
xg;gw;w fzth; tUifapy; vdf;Fg;
g[wk;ghf cs;s ve;jr; bra;jpa[k;
cs;ns EiHaf; TlhJ/
mzthj kdj;jtiug; g[wg;gzpf;nf
tpLf
md;g[ilahh; fSf;fpLf mfg;gzp
bra;jplnt
,ij xg;g[f; bfhs;shj kdk;
cilath;fl;Fg; g[wj;nj bra;af;
Toa ntiyfis ,Lf/
rpthDgt tpUg;gKilath;fl;nf
mfg; gzpahfpa jtk; bra;gzp
,Lf/
133
22/ jtk; bra;tJ mtrpak; vd;W ts;syhh;

typ;a[Wj;jp cs;shuh>
Mk;/ mDgtkhiyg; ghlypy; ,ijtpl
mjhtJ jtk; bra;tij tpl ehd;
bra;af; Toa gzp ntW vd;d TW
vd;W tpdt[fpwhh;/ Mjhuk;
jhH; FHyha; vidr; rw;nw jdpf;f tpl;lhy; "hd

rigj; jiyth; tUfpd;w jUzkpJ ehd; jhd;
thH;til bghd; kz;lgj;nj gspf; fiwapD}nl
kyuizia my';fhpj;J itj;jpLjy; ntz;Lk;
N:Gw ehd; my';fhpg;ngd; vd;fpd;wha; njhHp
Jiuf;F kdkpy;iyaJ Jzpe;jwpe;njd; gyfhy;
VH; flypy; bghpjd;nwh ehdile;j Rfkp';F
,ijtpl ehd; bra; gzp ntbwg;gzp eP ,ak;ng
(2464)
jhH; FHyha; vd;Wk; njhHp vd;Wk;

,';F miHf;fg;gl;lJ kdijna
MFk;/ kdk; my';fhuk; bra;tJ
,iwtDf;Fr; rk;kjkpy;iy vd;Wk;
ehd; mile;j Rfk; VG fliy tplg;
bghpaJ vd;Wk; ,ijtpl ehd; bra;gzp
134
ntbwg;gzp vd;Wk; nfl;fpwhh;/ jtk;

bra;tJ vjida[k; tpl kpf kpf
mtrpak; vd;gJ tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/
23/ rpw;rig bghw;rig ,uz;Lk; kdpj

clk;gpy; v';nf ,Uf;fpd;wd>
kdpj njfj;jpy; g[Ut kj;jpna

rpw;rig MFk;/ Mrhhpad; xUtid
mQqfp mtdplk; rhjid vg;gor;
bra;tJ vd;W fw;Wf; bfhz;lJk;
vWk;g[ Ch;tJ nghy Xh; czh;t[
njhd;Wk;/ me;j czh;t[ bjhl';fp ehj
mDgtj;jpw;Fg; gpd; njhd;Wk; ngbuhspf;
fhl;rpa[ld;. mKjk; cz;gJ tiu
rpw;rig mDgtk; MFk;/
ngbuhspapd; eLnt njhd;Wk;
bghd;bdhspa[k; mjd; eLnt njhd;Wk;
cs;bshspahfpa brt;bthspa[k; bghw;rig
mDgt';fs; MFk;/
Mjhuk;/
fs;Sz;lhbsdg; g[fd;whh; fdfrig eLnt
fz;lJz;L rpw;rigapy; cz;lJk; cz;lo ehd;
vs;Sz;l gytplaj;jpwf;F';fs; md;nw
135
vd;Wk; ,wth epiyapy; ,Uj;J';fs; cyfh;

cs;Sz;l nghJ kaf;Fw;wpL';fs;; mynt
cs;s kaf;fidj;jpida[k; xHpj;jpL';fs; kltha;
ms;Sz;l gpwUk; vid mLj;jLj;Jf; fz;lhy;
mwpt[ jUk; mth;f;Fkp';nf ahDz;l fs;ns
(mDgtkhiy ghly; 12)
24/ rkaj; bja;t';fs;; gw;wp; ts;syhhpd;;

fUj;J vd;d>
xt;bthU rkaKk; xt;bthU

bja;tj;ijj; jiyikahf itj;J
tHpgl;L tUfpd;wJ/ irtk; rptida[k;.
itztk; ehuhazida[k;. bfskhuk;
KUfida[k;. fhzhgj;ak; fzgjpiaa[k;.
rhf;jk; rf;jpiaa[k; brsuk; N:hpaida[k;
,njnghy; kw;w kj';fspy; ,!;yhk;
my;yhita[k;. fpwpj;Jtk; gukgpjhit
a[k;. i$dk; mUfiua[k;. tz';FtJ
nghy cyfj;jpYs;s mj;jid rka';
fSk; j';fs;; bja;tnk cah;e;jJ
vd;Wk; cz;ikahdJ vd;Wk; nghjpg;
gJld; kw;w bja;t';fs; cz;ikapy;
cs;sjy;y vd;Wk; nghjpf;fpd;wd/
vy;nyhUf;Fk; bghJthf ,iwtd;
xUtnd/ me;j xUtidj; jhd;
xt;bthU rkaKk; j';fs; j';fs;
kdk;nghd nghf;fpy; bgahpl;L tz';fp
136
tUfpd;whh;fs;/ vy;yhg; bgah;fSk; vy;yh

tot';fSk; "hdpfspd; fw;gidna
jtpu cz;ikapy; ,Ug;gdty;y/ vdnt
rkaj; bja;t';fis tHpghL bra;tJ
mtrpaky;y/
25/ rkaj; bja;t';fs;; fw;gidna vd;why;

bja;tj;jpd; cz;ikjhd; vd;d
xt;bthUtUk; j';fs; mfj;jpny
jhd; ,iwtid mwpa Koa[nk jtpug;
g[wj;jpy; mJjhd; ,iwtd; vdf;
fhl;l KoahJ/ Mjhuk; :
bghJ czh; czUk; nghjyhy; gphpj;nj
mJ vdpy; njhd;wh mUl;bgU";n$hjp
(mfty;)
26/ ,iwtid mUl;bgU";n$hjpahf

ts;syhh; TWfpd;whnu ? me;j
mUl;bgU";n$hjpa[k; mDgtk; jhdh>
Mk;/ mUl;bgU";n$hjpa[k; mDgtnk/

Mjhuk;
jD fuzhjpfs; jhk; fle;J mwpa[k; Xh;
mDgtkhfpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp
(mfty;)
27/ mUl;bgU";n$hjp vg;nghJ mDgtkhFk;>
137
jD vd;gJ cly;/ mjhtJ bka;.

tha;. fz;. K:f;F. brtp Mfpa Ie;J
,e;jphpa';fs;/
fuzhjpfs; vd;gJ kdk;. g[j;jp.

rpj;jk;. mf';fhuk; Mfpait MFk;/
,e;jphpa';fSk;. fuz';fSk; fle;j

epiyapy; mjhtJ bray;ghlw;w epiyapy;
mUl;bgU";n$hjp mDgtkhFk;/
28/ me;j mDgtk; vg;go ,Uf;Fk;>
kdk; bray;ghlw;w epiyapy;

mjhtJ tpe;J. ehjk;. gutpe;J vd;w
epiyfs; fle;J guehjk; vd;w epiy
jtj;jpy; Vw;gLk;nghJ ngbuhsp xd;W
njhd;Wk;/ gpd;dh; mjd; eLnt
bghd;bdhsp njhd;Wk;/ Kotpy; mjd;
eLnt brt;bthsp njhd;Wk;/ ,e;jr;
brt;bthspna ,iwtd; MFk;/
Mjhuk;:
<w;wwpnad; ,Ue;J ,Ue;J ,';F mjprag;gbjd; eP
vd;fpd;wha; eP vid tpl;L VFbjhWk; ehd;jhd;
fhw;wwpahj; jPgk; nghy; ,Ue;jpLk; mj;jUzk;
fz;l ghpR vd;g[fy;ntd; mz;lgfpuz;lk;
njhw;wwpahg; bgU";n$hjp kiy guehjj;nj njhd;wpaJ
M';F mjd; eLnt njhd;wpaJ xd;W mJjhd;
138
khw;wwpahg; bghd; xspnah mt;bthspf;Fs; MLk;

ts;sy; mUbshspnah <J mjprapf;Fk; tifna
(5767)
29/ kdk; vg;nghJ mWk;>
(nghj mirt[); mth mwpy; kdk; jhnd

mWk;/ m`J
mwhj ,lj;J vt;thw;whDk;
mwhJ/
30/ghrk; vg;nghJ eP';Fk;>

jtk; bra;J guehj epiy
mDgtk;
Vw;gLk; nghJ ghrk; mWk;/
Mjhuk; :
ghpf;fpuf epiy KGJk; bjhlh;e;njhk; nkiyg;
gutpe;J epiy midj;Jk; ghh;j;njhk; ghrk;
vhpf;Fk; ,aw; guehj epiyf; fz; bky;y
va;jpndhk; mg;ghYk; vl;og; nghndhk;
bjhpf;fhpa btsp K:d;Wk; bjhpe;njhk; v';Fk;
rptnk epd; rpd;kak; Xh; rpwpJk; njnwhk;
jhpf;fhpJ vd;W Mfk';fs; vy;yhg; nghw;wj;
139
jdpepd;w guk; bghUns rhe;jj; njnt

(kfhnjt khiy 64)
31/ ghrj;ij mWf;f ntW VnjDk; tHp
cz;lh>
rhpia fphpia Koj;J nahf rhjidapy;
gjpa[ld; xd;W gl;lhy; ghrk; mWk;/ Mjhuk; :
gjp g{ir Kjy ew;fphpiaahy; kdk; vDk; gRfuzk;

<';F mRj;j ghtid mwr; Rj;j ghtidapy;
epw;Fk; bka;g; gjpnahf epiyik mjdhy;
kjp ghrk; mw;W mjpd; ml';fpLk; ml';fnt
kiytpd; bka;";"hd kakha; tut[ nghf;fw;w
epiyTLk; vd vdJns te;Jzh;t[ je;j FUnt
Jjp tha;ik bgW rhe;j gj nkt[ kjpank JhprW
Ra";n$hjpna njhif thfd kPjpy';f
tUnjhd;wny brhy;yhpa ey;y Jizna
jjp bgWk; brd;idapy; fe;j nfhl;lj;Js; tsh;
jynkh';F fe;jntns jz;Kfj; Ja;akzp
cz;Kfr; irtkzp rz;Kfj; bja;t kzpna
(bja;tkzp khiy 5)
32/ ts;syhh; ve;j epiy mile;jhh;>

ts;syhh; Kj;njf rpj;jp bgw;whh;/
33/ Kj;njf rpj;jp vd;gJ vd;d>
,e;j J}a njfj;ijr; Rj;j

njfk;. gpuzt njfk;. "hd njfk; Mf
khw;wpf; bfhs;tJ/
140
34/ J}y njfj;ijr; Rj;j. gpuzt. "hd

njfkhf khw;wpf; bfhz;lhy; J}y
njfk; vd;d MFk;>
J}y njfk; jhd; Rj;j gpuzt

"hd njfkhf khWk;/
35/ njf khw;wj;ijr; rw;W tpsf;ft[k;>
FHe;ijg; gUtj;jpy; ek;Kila

KfKk; njfKk; vg;go ,Ue;jd> thypg
tajpy; Kfj; njhw;wKk; cly; tsKk;
vt;thW ,Ue;jd/ taJ Kjph;e;jt[ld;
mnj KfKk; cly; njhw;wKk; vt;thW
tps';Ffpd;wd/ FHe;ijg; gUtj;jpy;
,Ue;j Kfk; tajhd gpd; fpHL jl;o
tpLfpd;wnj/ milahsk; fhz
KoahjthW Kfj; njhw;wk; khWgl;L
tpLfpd;wnj/ me;j Kfk; ngha; ntW
Kfkh njhd;wpaJ/ xnu Kfk; FHe;ijg;
gUtj;jpypUe;J thypgg; gUtj;jpYk;
gpd;dh; tnahjpfg; gUtj;jpYk; vt;thW
khw;wk; mile;J tpLfpd;wnjh
mt;thnw ,nj J}y njfkhdJ Rj;j
gpuzt "hd njfkhf khWfpd;wJ/
141
36/ Rj;j njfj;ij vt;thW miltJ/

mjd; jd;ik vd;d>
J}y njfkhdJ jt btg;gj;jpdhy;

ntjpf;fg;gLk;nghJ njf khw;wk;
Vw;gLfpd;wJ/ MfhuKk; J}f;fKk;
Fiwe;J bfhz;nl te;J njitapy;iy
vd;w epiy Vw;gLk;/ Mfhuk;
,y;yhjjhy; ky$yKk; ,Uf;fhJ/
tpah;ita[k; epHYk; ,Uf;fhJ/ njfk;
njhd;Wk; gpogLk;/ taJ 12 taJ
gUtk;/ Rj;j njfj;jpd; jd;ik
,t;thW ,Ug;gJld; cnuhkKk; tsh;r;rp
jhH;r;rp ,y;yhJ epd;W tpLk;/
37/ gpuzt "hd njf';fspd; jd;ik

vd;d>
gpuzt njfk; njhd;Wk;/ gpoglhJ/

gUtk; 5 taJ gUtk; MFk;/ "hd
njfk; njhd;wpa[k; njhd;whkYk;
,Uf;Fk;/
38/ ,e;j K:d;W njf';fisa[k; ts;sw;

bgUkhdhh; tpsf;fpa[s;sthnw tpsf;Ff:
Rj;j njfk;
142
fhhpa U:gk;
gu czh;r;rp
gu mwpt[
guj;Jtk;
bghd; tz;zk;
mgu";rp khw;W
12 taJ gUtk;
eiu jpiu gpzp
K:g;g[ kyk; $yk;
tpah;it Mfhuk;
epj;jpiu jhfk;
rhia Kjypad
,y;yhik
nuhk tshr;rp
jhH;r;rp ,y;yhik
fh;k rpj;jp
fy;g njfp
mgu khh;f;fp
gpuzt njfk;
guk;gu njfk;
guk;gu mwpt[
guk;gu jj;Jtk;
16 Kjy; 108 tiu
khw;W
5 taJ Kjy; 8 taJ gUtk;
njfk; njhd;Wk; gpoglhJ
143
rh;t rpj;jp
gpuhz fy;g b$ae;jp
"hd njfk;
v';Fk; g{uz tpahgfk;
guhgu mwpt[
guhgu jj;Jtk;
mst[ fle;j khw;W ciuglhjJ
rg;j ka jhprdk;
cUtk; njhd;wpa[k; njhd;whkYk;
,Uf;Fk;
rh;t kfh rpj;jp
rh;t Rje;juk;
fhyhjPjd;
39/ ts;syhh; Rj;j njfk; bgw;whh;

vd;gjw;F vd;d Mjhuk;>
Rj;j njfk; epHy; ,Uf;fhJ/

epHw;glk; (nghl;nlh Photo) vLf;f
,ayhJ/ ts;syhiu xd;gJ Kiw
Kaw;rp bra;Jk; mtuJ epHw; glk;
vLf;f ,ayhJ nghapw;W/ epHw; glj;jpy;
mth; cUtk; tpHtpy;iy/ mjdhy;
xt;bthU ts;syhh; glKk; xt;bthU
tpjkhf ,Uf;fpd;wjw;F mtuJ
cz;ikahd Kf cUtk; epHw;glj;jpy;
144
tpHhky; nghdnj fhuzk;/ ,uhkfpUc;&z

gukcwk;!h; tpntfhde;jh; nghd;nwhhpd;
epHw;glk; cs;sJ/ ts;syhhpd; epHw;glk;
,y;iy/ mth; Rj;j njfk; bgw;wjw;F
,Jt[k; xU rhd;W/
40/ ts;syhh; bgw;w kuzkpyhg; bgU

thH;tpw;F mfr; rhd;W VnjDk;
cz;lh>
jhd; mile;j me;j thH;itg;

gyg;gyg; ghf;fspy; giwrhw;wpa[s;shh;/
xd;wpuz;il cjhuzkhf ,';nf
fhzyhk;/
MLfpd;w nrtof;nf Mshndd; khshj ahf;if
bgw;nwd;
TLfpd;w rd;khh;f;f r';fj;nj eLtpUe;J
Fyht[fpd;nwd;
ghLfpd;nwd; ve;ij gpuhd; ghjg; g[fiHg;
ghog;gho
ePLfpd;nwd; ,d;gf; Tj;jhLfpd;nwd;
vz;zbkyhk; epuk;gpndnd
fhw;whny g[tpahny ffdkjdhny fdyhny
g[dyhny fjpuhjpahny
Tw;whny gpzpahny bfhiyf;fUtpahny nfhshny
gpwtpaw;Wk; bfhL"; bray;fshny
ntw;whny v";"hd;Wk; mHpahnj tps';Fk;
bka;aspf;fntz;Lbkd;nwd; tpiue;jspj;jhd;
145
Vw;whny ,Hpbtd ePh; epidahjPh; cyfPh;

ve;ij mUl;bgU";n$hjp ,iwtidr;rhh;tPnu/
ehnd jtk; g[hpe;njd; ek; bgUkhd; ey;yUshy;
ehnd mUl;rpj;jp ehlile;njd; ? ehnd
mHpah totk; mit K:d;Wk; bgw;nwd;
,Hpahky; MLfpd;nwd; ,';F/
41/ fhiyapy; fhprhiy J}Jis
KRKRf;if rPufk; ,it xd;W fye;j
bghoia cz;z ntz;Lk; vd;W
ts;syhh; Twpa[s;shnu/ mjdhy; Vw;gLk;
ed;ikfs; vd;d>
ehk; cz;Qqk; czit

$Puzpg;gjw;Ff; fy;yPuy; jhd; bgUk;gzp
Mw;WfpwJ/ mf; fy;yPuiyg;
gGjilahJ ghJfhf;Fk;/ uj;jj;Jld;
fye;Js;s kw;w fpUkpfis ehrk;
bra;tJld; ,uj;jj;ija[k; Rj;jkhf;Fk;/
mrf;jk; nghf;Fk;/ mjhtJ fisg;g[
milar; bra;ahJ/ kuzj;jpw;F K:y
fhuzkhd rspiaa[k; ePf;Fk;/ thj
gpj;j rpnyj;Jk';fs; TlhkYk; Fiwah
kYk; mst[ld; epw;Fk;/
42/ kw;w mUshsh;fs; Vd; Twtpy;iy>
146
kfhd;fs; mwpe;Jk; gytw;iw

,ufrpakhfnt fhg;ghw;wp kiwj;J
tpl;lhh;fs;/ ek; kPJ bfhz;l bgU';
fUiz fhuzkhfnt ,tw;iwbay;yhk;
ts;syhh; tpsf;fpdhh;/
43/ thdj;jpd; kPJ kapyhlf; fz;nld;

kapy; Fapyhr;Rjo mf;fr;rp
kapy; Fapyhr;Rjo // vd;W Xh;
mUl;gh ghh;j;njd;/ mjd; bghUs;
vd;d>
thdk; vd;gJ g[Utkj;jp/ kapy;

MLk;nghJ jdJ njhifia tphpj;Jr;
rpyph;f;Fk;/ mjd; njhifapy;
fz;nghd;W epiwa ,Uf;Fk;/
g[Utkj;jpapy; bew;wpf; fz; cs;s
,lj;jpy; Xh; mirt[ njhd;Wk;/ ekJ
,U fz;fshYk; mij cs;ns fhz
ntz;Lk;/ ,e;jj; jtk; bra;a[k;
Kiwiaj;jhd; thdj;jpd; kPJ
kapyhlf; fz;nld; vd;whh;/ mt;thW
ehk; rhjid bra;J te;jhy; ehjk;
nfl;Fk;/ ,e;j mDgtj;ijna kapy;
Fapy; Mr;Rjo vd;whh;/ ,';nf mf;fr;rp
vd;w xU brhy;iy ek; bgUkhdhh;
147
ifahSfpd;whh;/ mf;fr;rp vd;w

brhy;iyg; gphpj;jhy; mf; + mr;rp vd;W
MFk;/ mr;R vd;gJ Kf;fpakhdJ/ mf;
vd;gJ ` MFk;/ fPHpuz;L g[s;spfs;
Kfj;jpuz;L fz;fs;/ nkYs;s g[s;sp
bew;wpf; fz;/ kdpj clk;gpy; ,e;j
K:d;W fz;fs; jhd; mr;R MFk;/
jtj;jpw;F Ma[jk; ,e;j K:d;Wnk/
mjdhy; jhd; ,jid Ma[j vGj;J
vd;whh;fs;/
44/ Ma[j g{i$ bfhz;lhLtjd; jj;Jtk;

vd;d >
etuhj;jphp tpHhtpy; filrpahf

Ma[j g{i$ mjw;fLj;j ehs;
tp$ajrkp/ mjhtJ kfpc&hRu rk;khuk;
Koe;j filrp ehs;/ ,jd; tpsf;fk;
vd;dbtdpy; kfpc&k; vd;gJ vUik/
vUik vd;gJ jhkr Fzk;/ mRud;
vd;gJ jhkj Fzj;jpdhy; cz;lhFk;
nfLfs;/ Ma[j g{i$ vd;gJ FUtpd;
mUshy; bew;wpf; fz;izj; jpwe;J
bfhz;L jtk; bra;J jhkr Fzj;ij
bty;tnj kfpc&hRu rk;khuk;/
148
45/ ntj';fs; Mfk';fs; g[uhz';fs;

,jpfhr';fs; ,it gw;wpa ts;syhh;
fUj;J vd;d>
mitfspy; cz;ikfs; Twg;

gl;Ls;sd/ MdhYk; me;j cz;ik
fisg; ghku kf;fSk; g[hpe;J bfhs;sf;
Toa tifapy; btspg;gilahfr;
brhy;yhky; kiwj;jpUf;fpd;whh;fs;/
mitfspy; Twg;gl;Ls;s vy;yhr;
rk;gt';fSk; fw;gidna jtpu cz;ik
tuyhwy;y/ cz;ik kiwf;fg;gl;L
tpl;ljhy; ve;j ed;ikiaf; fUjp
mit vGjg; gl;ldnth me;jg; gad;
kf;fSf;Fr;nrutpy;iy vd;gnj ts;syhh;
fUj;J/ Mjhuk;
ntjhfk';fs; vd;W tPz; thjk;

MLfpd;wPh;
ntjhfkj;jpd; tpistwpaPh; N:jhfr;
brhd;dtyhy; cz;ik btspnjhd;w
ciuj;jypiy
vd;d gandh ,it/
46/ jpU"hdrk;ge;jh; jpUeht[f;furh;

nghd;nwhh; jpUk;gp tUthh;fs; vd;w
ngr;rpw;nf vg;go ,lkpy;iynah
149
mt;thnw ts;syhUk; jpUk;gp tUthh;

vd;w ngr;rpw;nf ,lkpy;iy vd;W
TWfpwhh;fns cz;ikah>
,y;iy/ jpU"hdrk;ge;jh;
jpUeht[f;furh; nghd;nwhh; jhk; ,Ue;j
fhyj;jpy; clk;ig kiwj;Jf; bfhs;Sk;
rpj;Jf;fs; bgw;wjhf ,y;iy/ Mdhy;
ts;syhh; 1870k; Mz;nl jd; cliy
kiwj;Jf; bfhz;L MW khj';fs;
fHpj;J btspg;gl;oUf;fpwhh;/ gpwFk;
gyKiw kiwe;J kiwe;J gpd;dh;
btspte;jpUf;fpwhh;/ ,ij mtuJ
jiy khzhf;fh; bjh/ ntyha[j
Kjypahh; milahW gpUk;k "hd
r';fj;jpw;F mspj;j thf;FK:yj;jpy;
Twpa[s;shh;/ clnyhL kiwtJk; gpd;dh;
clnyhL tUtJk; ts;syhh; bgw;w
ngW. vdnt Kd;nghynt kPz;Lk;
ts;syhuhy; tu Koa[k;/ tUthh;/
47/ mth; clnyhL kiwe;jjw;F muR

Mjhuk; cz;lh>
xUth; ,we;J tpl;lhy; mtuJ

brhj;Jf;fis mtuJ thhpRjhuh;
clnd mDgtpf;fyhk;/ Mdhy; xUth;
150
fhzhky; ngha; tpl;lhnyh rl;lg;go VG

Mz;Lfs; fHpe;j gpd;dh;jhk; thhpRfs;
mtuJ brhj;Jf;fis mDgtpf;f
Koa[k;/ ,Jjhd; ,e;jpa ehl;Lr; rl;lk;/
ts;syhh; 1874k; Mz;L $dthp 30k;
ehs; fhzhky; ngha; tpl;lhh;/ mth;
nghpypUe;j tlY}h; jUkr;rhiy
cs;spl;l epy';fSf;F murh';fj;jhh;
VG Mz;Lfs; rl;lg;gof; fhj;jpUe;nj
1881k; Mz;L khh;r; khjk;jhd;
V$z;Lfis epakpj;jdh;/ ts;syhh;
fhzhky; nghdjw;F ,Jnt nghJkhd
MjhukhFk;/
48/ ts;syhh; kiwe;jpue;j fhy';fspy;

vd;d bra;jpUg;ghh;>
jtk; jhd; bra;jpUg;ghh;/ ntW

vd;d bra;jpUf;f Koa[k;/
151
49/ ,g;g[j;jfj;ij ,Jtiu goj;jjdhy;

vij kf;fs; mwpe;J bfhs;s
ntz;Lk;>
ey;ybjhU tpdh/ bghWika[ld;

goa[';fs; :
1/ kdpjg; gpwtp vspjpy; fpl;lhj

xd;W/ ekf;Ff; fpl;oa[s;sJ/
2/ gpwe;njhk; thH;fpnwhk; ,wf;fg;
nghfpnwhk; vd;w mwpt[ tpsf;fk;
kdpjid jtpu ntW ve;j
$PtDf;Fk; fpilahJ/
3/ kdpjdha;g; gpwe;J Vd; kuzk;
mila ntz;Lk; vd;W rpe;jpf;f
ntz;Lk;/
4/ gpzp. K:g;g[. gak;. Jd;gk;. Mgj;J.
tpgj;J nghd;w kuzj;jpw;Fhpa
fhuz';fis czu ntz;Lk;/
5/ ek;ikg; nghyg; gpwe;J tsh;e;j
ts;syhh; kuzj;ijbtd;wpUf;fpwhh;
vd;gij ed;whf czu ntz;Lk;/
6/ ek;khYk; kuzj;ij bty;y Koa[k;
vd;w ek;gpf;if bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/
7/ Kjypy; khkpr czit cz;zhky;
mij monahnl kwe;J tpl
ntz;Lk;/
152
8/ ts;syhh; Twpa[s;s Mfhug;

gf;Ftj;ija[k;. ,e;jphpa xGf;fk;.
fuz xGf;fk; Kjypatw;iwa[k;
mjp jPtpu tpUg;g Kaw;rpa[ld; gHf
ntz;Lk;/
9/ xU ey;y FUit mLj;J ekJ
bew;wpf; fz;izj; jpwf;fg;
bgw;Wf; bfhz;L xt;bthUtUk;
jtk; bra;a ntz;Lk;/
10/ me;jj; jt cc;&ze;jhd; clk;ig
khw;Wk; rf;jp cilaJ vd mwpa
ntz;Lk;/
11/ rpdk; fhkk; cl;glj; jPa Fz';fs;
midj;jpida[k; ePf;f ntz;Lk;/
12/ rhpia fphpia nahfk; "hdk;
Mfpa ehd;F bewpfspYk; epw;f
ntz;Lk;/
13/ rkaj; bja;t';fs; midj;Jk;
fw;gidna vd;W jPh;f;fkhf mwpa
ntz;Lk;/
14/ ts;syhiuna bja;tkhf Vw;Wf;
bfhz;L gf;jp bra;a ntz;Lk;/
mth; fhl;oa tHpapy; jtwhky;
elf;f ntz;Lk;/
15/ vy;yh $Ptd;fsplKk; ,uf;fk; fhl;l
ntz;Lk;/ me;j ,uf;fj;jpw;F Xh;
mst[ ,Uf;ff; TlhJ/
153
16/ gpw caph;fs; kPJ fhl;Lk; jat[

xd;wpdhy; kl;Lnk mUisg; bgw
Koa[k; vd;W czu ntz;Lk;/
17/ Toa mst[ epiwe;j kdJld;
thHg; gHf ntz;Lk;/
18/ bte;ePiuna Fof;f ntz;Lk;/
bte;ePhpnyna Fspf;f ntz;Lk;/
19/ $PtfhUz;ak; Kjw;go. mjDld;
xGf;fk;. gf;jp. Mfhuf; fl;Lg;ghL.
jtk; Kjypatw;iw tplhJ
filg;gpoj;jhy; kuzj;ij
bty;yyhk;/
,g;g[j;jfk; fpilf;Fkplk;
1) K/ ghY
98 neU bjU
MH;thh; jpUefh;
brd;id?600 087
2) rp';fg;g{h; rptFkhh;
3) Rgh!;re;jpud;
knyrpa _mfj;jpah; rd;khh;f;f
FUFy ,af;fk;. knyrpah
154
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155

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Vallalar Kaatiya Gnana Neri

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