Five Types of Interrogees

Interrogation is the process of formally or informally interviewing someone in order to obtain

information. Military organizations, intelligence agencies, and law enforcement agencies use
interrogation techniques all around the world. Sometimes the individual being interrogated is
accused of committing a crime or of having a motivation to keep the information hidden. In
criminal and military interrogations, the questioner is frequently an officer trained in various
interrogation techniques. The methods utilized may differ greatly depending on how they see the
individual being questioned or the aim of the interrogation. As an example:
 The person being questioned could be a witness who is willing to share information.
 The individual being questioned may be accused of committing a crime, and the purpose is
for them to confess.
 Although the person being questioned is not a suspect, he or she may refuse to provide any
information.

Informal Questioning:
A police officer has the authority to stop and question anyone at any time. They are not required
to provide a warning before conducting an informal interview or effecting an arrest. However,
any information obtained in this manner is not admissible in a criminal trial. It requires that a
person be informed of their rights before being questioned by authorities. The person is not in
custody if they ask the police whether they are free to depart. A police officer is only allowed to
tell the truth about a few subjects. To get a confession from a suspect, authorities may utilise
deceit, lying, or other sorts of deception during questioning.

PEACE method:
Preparation and Planning, Engage and Explain, Account, Closure, and Evaluate are the acronyms
for PEACE. It is thought to be a more ethical type of police interrogation. Its goal is to prevent
false convictions by removing all forms of coercion and deception. It obtained the same
percentage of convictions as the previous approaches when tested in England and Wales. Peace,
on the other hand, is more of a journalistic approach. It is assumed that a liar will find it
increasingly difficult to maintain all of his or her lies consistent and will eventually confess.

Third Degree:
The application of the so-called third degree is a historic way of extracting confessions. It entails
violently treating a suspect and depriving them of food and drink for long periods of time.
Threats were used in addition to beatings. Often, a suspect confessed in order to put an end to the
mistreatment. After then, the suspect was made to sign a document stating that he had not been
intimidated or bullied into making his statement. A confession was thrown out by a court in 1937
after it was discovered that the prisoner had been hung from a tree and whipped until he
confessed.

The Reid Technique:

The Reid Technique employs psychological techniques to get confessions from persons who are
suspected of being guilty without resorting to physical force. Interrogation should only be used
for suspects that the police are reasonably certain committed the crime, according to the Reid
Technique. Because it is assumed that guilty individuals will not make damning remarks unless
law enforcement is certain of their guilt, the tone of the interrogation is accusatory. During the
questioning, the suspect is deliberately persuaded to disclose his or her guilt. The interrogation is
conducted in a secure setting. The officer does not take notes until the defendant has revealed the
truth about his or her role in the crime and is fully committed to that viewpoint.

Torture:
Torture and ill-treatment of people suspected of crimes is not only unethical, but it's also
counterproductive from the perspective of an interrogator. The information provided by people
who are subjected to violence is unreliable, according to a large body of scientific and historical
evidence. Torture of detainees who are held hostage and unable to defend themselves incites
widespread outrage in their broader communities. Torture feeds the need for vengeance, which
leads to more hatred and violence. Even yet, there are several countries where being detained
increases your chances of being struck, abused, or tortured. This isn't confined to those accused
of being involved in terrorism. People who are detained by the police for a variety of reasons are
frequently tortured or subjected to various sorts of ill-treatment.