BIRTH OF PHOTOGRAPHY- photography was first made public in 1839

ARISTOTLE- how light waves behave when projected through a small aperture.
ALHAZEN & FRANCIS BACON- extended this principle to include a large darkened
room with a small opening in one wall.
CAMERA OBSCURA- 15-18th centuries reduced in size and made convenient for artist
to use tracing scenic designs and archi. perspective.
PHOTOGRAPHY- was born when NIEPCE preserved an image on a pewter plate in
primitive camera. Oldest surviving photograph (1826), view in Gras, France required
exposure for several hours.
PHOTOCHEMISTRY- silver salts as photosensitive material and ammonia as stabilizer.
HELIOGRAPHS- contact print image of engraving or other line copy on glass, paper or
metal coated a bitumen varnish that hardens when exposed.
AMBROTYPE- process of positive appearing images introduced in which the glass
negative is blacked with black material.
DAGUERREOTYPE- as named after him, is an image formed on a copperplate that has
been silver plated, polished to a mirror-like surface and expose to iodine entering from a
lens, and develop by mercury fumes.
- Was a perfect jewel of an image: no grain, perfect focus and clarity,
and an incredible range of tonal variations.
- Unfortunately, only one image could be made one at a time.
LIGHT AREAS OF PORTRAIT- mercury-silver amalgam, whitish in tone.
DARKER AREAS- polished silver after fixing with hypo.
CALOTYPE PROCESS- negative image was made permanent by immersion in sodium
thiosulfate or hypo. Requires of about 60 seconds to produce an adequate image on the
negative. The grain structure of the paper negatives appeared in the finished print.
Within three years the exposure time in both process had been reduced to several
seconds.

1839- FRANCE on August 19 the DAGUERREOTYPE was introduced to the world.

Images were permanent using HYPO.
DIRECT POSITIVE IMAGES ON SILVER PLATES make an immediate world-wide
success, although the complex procedures and cost put in beyond the research of new
people.
TINTYPE- collodion direct positive like ambrotypes produced on dark metal were
introduced as ferrotypes.

17th CENTURY-
NAME CONTRIBUTIONS
THOMAS WEDGEWOOD a) Photosensitivity of certain silver compounds. Nitrate
HUMPHRY DAVY and silver chloride.
b) Used paper coated with silver chloride in producing
images of painting, silhouettes of leaves, and human
profiles.
c) 1802- published the first report in English of an
attempt to produce a photographic image.
JOHANN SCHULZE a) Demonstrated silver salts turned dark when exposed
to light altered by light, indicated a possible of
stabilizing the photochemical process.
 JACQUES CHARLES a. Conducted experiments in the automatic, if
permanent, recording of portrait silhouettes on
photosensitive paper.

18th CENTURY
JOSEPH NICEPHORE a. French physicist
NIEPCE b. Idea of trying to reproduce nature by transferring the
image projected by a CAMERA OBSCURA.
c. Produced camera images on paper sensitized with
silver-chloride solution.
d. 1820- Producing HELIOGRAPHS or heliographic
drawings.
e. 1822- claim some success, points de vue smart
images made by the camera obscura with more than
8 hours of exposure.
f. 1822-1827- perfected this process, based on the
principle that bitumen of Judea. Also fabricate
photographically generated photo-etchings.
g. 1826 Produced the 1ST PERMANENT
PHOTOFRAPH in a camera on a pewter plate
coated with a bitumen to let the dark metal plate
represent shadows.
h. 1829- entered partnership with French painter and
theater designer LOUIS JACQUES MANDE
DAGUERRE.
i. Used silver plates in place of pewter and devised a
way to remove bitumen from highlights after
darkening shadow areas.
LOUIS JACQUES a. 1831- Made photographs on silver plates coated with
MANDE DAGUERRE a light sensitive layer of silver iodide. Used mercury
vapors to develop a positive photographic image.
b. Photo was not permanent because the plates
gradually darkened, obliterating the image.
c. Develop plate was coated with a strong solution of
ordinary table salt.
d. 1833- took over the actual experiment in the field of
photography.
e. 1839- was successful enough to have his invention
purchased by the French government and made
public.
WILLIAM HENRY FOX a. 1831- Rendered the unexposed silver-iodide
TALBOT particles insensitive to light and prevented total
blackening of the plate.
b. Developed a photographic method involving the use
of paper negative from which an unlimited number of
prints could be made.
c. Paper with coated with silver iodine could be made
more sensitive to light if dampened before exposure.
d. 1835- produced NEGATIVE IMAGES on silver
 chloride paper by a silver plated.
e. Talbot patented the CALOTYPE PROCESS later
called TALOTYPE.
f. 1839- printed out the basis of MODERN
PHOTOGRAPHY. Negative on suitable material can
be used to produce as many positive copies as
desired by CONTACT PRINTING.
g. 1840- Talbot discovered the method of developing
paper negative images that greatly reduced the
exposure.
h. 1851 talbot introduce the possibility of FLASH
PHOTOGRAPHY using intense electric spark
discharge.

SIR JOHN F W Coined the word PHOTOGRAPHY then suggested

HERSCHEL NEGATIVE & POSITIVE in the following year.
Pointed out that images can be made permanent by
dissolving away unexposed silver compounds with a
solution of hypo sulfite of soda. Discovered in 1819.
J.W DRAPER 1840- One of the first to produce photographic portraits
using lens with diameter of 5 inches and a focus of 7
inches.
HUNGARY J.M First lens specifically designed for photographic use.
PETZVAL Maximum aperture is 3.6 exposure not less than one
minute.
HILL AND ADAMSON 1843-1848 Major achievements on the PAPER-
NEGATIVE process.
CLAUDE FELIX ABEL 1842- Devised using a glass plate negative.
NIEPCE DE SAINT Claude- father of modern optics.
VICTOR
F.S ARCHER 1851- Method using collodion in place of albumen for
FREDERICK SCOTT negative on glass.
ARCHER Wet plate or collodion process because the plate must
be coated.
Typical working time is a maximum of 20 minute under
normal conditions.
Introduced wet glass plates using collodion, rather than
albumin. Photographers need darkroom close at hand in
order to prepare the plates before exposure.
MATTHEW B BRADY Took thousands of photographs on battlefield sites
during American Civil War (1861-1865)
RICHARD KENNETT Supplied dry plate negatives to photographs as early as
1874.
JB DANCER First model of twin camera for STEREO
PHOTOGRAPHY working frame designs 1849 by Sir
David Brewster. 1856 production.
NADAR Aerial photographs over paris
JAMES CLARK 1861- British physicist
 MAXWELL Published a research in color perception and the 3 color
separation of light. Similar to THOMAS YOUNG 1801- 3
COLOR THEORY OF VERSION.
DUCOS DE HAROUN 1868 Published methods for both additive and
subtractive color syntheses by photography. Use 3 color
monopack palte.
RICHARD LEACH 1871 Invented first practical dry plate negative process
MADDOX using GELATIN in place of collodion to bind silver halides
to glass plates.
1872 Use of dye substance to extend the sensitivity of
PROFESSOR H.W
photographic emulsions, from blue to green region of
VOGEL
spectrum making possible orthochromatic plates.
Invented the zoopraxiscope to project continuous
movement from photographic images. Lantern slides
EJ MUYBRIDGE
(positive) of a motion-study sequence were mounted on
the circumstance.
WILLIAM ABNEY 1880 Use of HYDROQUINONE as developing agent.
1882 Began CHRONOPHOTOGRAPHY to record
ETTIENE MAREY
stages in the flow of movement at 12 per second.
1883-1884- Film consisting of a long paper strip coated
with sensitive emulsion.
1889 Eastman produced the first transparent, flexible film
support, form of ribbons of cellulose nitrate.
GEORGE EASTMAN
Invented Roll Film the beginning of a period during which
thousands of amateur photographers became interested
in the new process.

1888- Patents of Kodak Roll Film Camera

1898- Reverend Hannibal Goodwin patents celluloid photographic film.
1900- First mass marketed camera is the BROWNIE
1913/1914- First 35mm still camera was developed
1927- The modern flash bulb
1932- Light meter with photoelectric cell
1935- Marketed Kodachrome film
1941- Eastman Kodak introduced Kodacolor negative film.
1942- Chester Carlson receive patent for electric photography (xerography)
1948- Edwin Land marketed then Polaroid Camera
1954- EK intro HS TRI-X FILM
1960- Underwater camera for US Navy was dvlp.
1963- Polaroid intro instant color film
1968- Photo of the earth from moon
1973- Polaroid intro 1 step instant photog. With SX-70 camera.
1977- George Eastman & Edwin Land were intro into the National Inventor Hall of
Fame.
1978- Konika first point and shoot autofocus cam
- Sony demonstrated 1st consumer camcorder
1984- Cannon digi elec still camera
1985- intro first digital processor
1990- Eastman Kodak announce photo CD as digital img. storage medium.