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Chp-4, VSEPR Powerpoint (Autosaved)
Chp-4, VSEPR Powerpoint (Autosaved)
Pair Repulsion
VSEPR Theory
Molecular Shape
VSEPR theory assumes that the shape of a molecule is
determined by the repulsion of electron pairs.
VSEPR Theory
• Based on Electron Dot (Lewis structures)
• Tetrahedral
• trigonal pyramidal
• Bent
• Linear
• trigonal planar
Electron-group geometry is determined by the number of
electron groups. (Some acceptation)
2 linear
3 trigonal-planar
4 tetrahedral
5 trigonal-bipyramidal
6 octahedral
methane, CH4
Tetrahedral
109.5°
..
.. ..
ammonia
Trigonal Pyramidal
NH3
.. ..
..
2 bp, 2 Lp
4 bp, No Lp 3 bp, 1 Lp
water, H2O
Bent or V
2 unshared pairs (Lp)of e’s at top of O repel bonds and force them to bend
Ozone
O3 ; number of valence electrons = 18 electrons
Resonance structures
AB3 - classification
Shape Bonding-pa Non-bondin Bond angle Examples
irs g pairs /°
Linear
Trigonal pyramidal
Bent or V
2 unshared pairs of e’s at
top of O repel bonds and
force them to bend
molecular geometry.
H2CO
molecular geometry.
H2CO
VSEPR
orbitals
shape
3
tetrahedral sp
2
planar sp
linear sp
EX:
Roth
pond
?
Methane gas, CH4
Molecule Lewis Structure Number of
electron pairs SHAPE
CH4 4
Tetrahedral
Trigonal
NH3 4 Pyramidal
(3 shared
1 lone pair)
Molecule Lewis Structure Number of
electron pairs SHAPE
Bent or V
H2O 4
(2 shared
2 lone pairs)
Linear
CO2 2
Molecule Lewis Structure Number of SHAPE
electron pairs
Linear
BeCl2 2
Trigonal
BF3 Planar
3
Fluorine is the Base of Comparison
Which atom attracts e- more?
electronegativities 2.1 3.0
H ― Cl
δ+ δ-
2.5 3.5
2.1 H―
― C=O
2.1 H
O=C=O
POLAR MOLECULES = uneven distribution of charge.
1 side of molecule is negative ; one side is slightly positive. *
Creating poles.
H2O PH3
CCl4
Ammonia (NH3)
SO3
CH3Cl
H2O (Water)
Step 1: Polarity of bonds