CHEMICAL BONDING TEST REVIEW

made by irene john <3

what is bonding?
there are 3 types of bonding.
ionic: metal + nonmetal (transfer of electrons)
covalent: nonmetal + nonmetal (share of electrons)
metallic: metal cations + delocalized electrons
conductivity happens in a metallic bond due to the freely floating electrons.
ionic bonds have a high melting point.
example of an ionic bond:

example of a covalent bond:

how do i draw covalent bonds?
ex: H20
1. count all valence electrons
H: 1, H: 1, O: 6
8 valence electrons in total
2. determine the central atom. (there will only be one of this atom, so in this
case, it’s O)
3. draw single bonds. single bonds will take up 2 electrons.
4. draw all remaining electrons as lone pairs. to solve for remaining electrons,
subtract the amount of electrons taken by the single bonds by the total
amount. in the case of H20, there are 2 single bonds, meaning 4 electrons
were taken. 8-4= 4 remaining electrons, or 2 lone pairs.
5. turn lone pairs into double and triple bonds if possible.

final product:
practice questions from the quiz:
What type of bond shares electrons? covalent bonds
What two elements can bond ionically? any metal and nonmetal
How many double bonds are in MgCl2? none
Why does conductivity happen in a metallic bond? freely floating electrons
Which description best describes the process of an ionic bond? transferring
electrons

i <3 polarity:
there are two types of covalent bonds: polar and nonpolar
a Polar Covalent Bond is unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms
a Nonpolar Covalent Bond is an equal sharing of electrons between two atoms
you can determine the type of bond through electronegativity differences.

we can show that a bond is polar through dipoles.

the element that is less electronegative is indicated by the 8+. the element that is
more electronegative is indicated by the 8-. to draw a dipole, you draw it from the
8+ leading to the 8-. remember, you can figure out electronegativity by looking at
the periodic table (the trend is up and right)

to determine if a molecule is polar, the molecule must contain polar bonds and be
asymmetrical.
VSEPR:
VSEPR stands for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory.
The easiest way to solve for VSEPR is to memorize the chart.

remember:
A is the central atom
X is a terminal atom- an atom bonded to the central atom
E is a lone pair
example: CH4 is AX4(C-> central atom A, H4-> terminal atom X)