Project : Steel Assesment

Date : 3-12-2019
Author : Khairina Anindya Canny, MSc
Reference : AISC 360-16
AISC Design Examples vs. 15
AISC Manual

Scope and other remarks

In this excel, some of point of verification are not taken into account due to the time limitation and excel limitation.
However, this excel is already suffice to calculation for basic industrial steel cross sections and regular members.
Regardless some verification for this excel for quality control is required. Additionally, some improvement to include
all the cross section verifictaion are required in the future

The afforementioned points are listed as the following

[1] No specific calculation for cold formed structure
[2] No specific calculation for built up structure
[3] The cross section are defined as :
[a] I-section double symmetric
[b] C-section uni-symmetric
[c] T-section uni-symmetric
[4] Local buckling is not considered
[5] Torsional verification for non HSS member are considered
[6] Combination check for L section are not considered (required more advanced software)
Project Input 2

Information
Element : Column
Information : Governing Axial

Steel Material Properties (Cross section)

Fy : 240 MPa Yield stress
Fu : 410 MPa Rupture stress
E : 200,000.00 MPa Young's Modulus
G : 77,200.00 MPa Shear Modulus of elasticity
Geometrical Properties
Kx : 2.1 [-] Flexural effective buckling length factor about x-axis
Ky : 1.1 [-] Flexural effective buckling length factor about y-axis
Kz : 1 [-] Flexural effective buck. length factor about the longitudinal axis
Cb : 2.08 [-] Lateral torsional buckling moment

L : 10000 mm Actual member length

Lx : 10000 mm Length about x-axis
Ly : 10000 mm Length about y-axis
Lz : 10000 mm Length about longitudinal axis
Lb : 10000 mm Length between points braced against lateral displacement
Lv : 10000 mm Distance from maximum to zero shear force

Lcx : 21000 mm : 21 m Effective length about x-axis

Lcy : 11000 mm : 11 m Effective length about y-axis
Lcz : 10000 mm : 10 m Effective length about longitudinal axis

x
y

z
Project Input 3

INTERNAL FORCES
A. Normal Force

B. Shear Force
Vx
Vy

B. Moment Force y
x

Mx

N : -100 kN
Vx : 100 kN
Vy : 50 kN
Mx : 5 kN.m
My : 20 kN.m
Mt : 0 kN.m
AISC 360-16 : I/H Section 4

I-Section
Force Value
N (kN) -100
Vx (kN) 100
Vy (kN) 50
Mx (kN.m) 5
My (kN.m) 20
Mt (kN.m) 0

SUMMARY
A. Cross section analysis
Verification
Verification ϕ Capacity u.c Status
B. Tension check
B.1. Tensile yield (kN) 4711.39 0.00 OK
B.2. Tensile rupture (kN) 6707.19 0.00 OK
C. Compression check
C.1. Flexural buckling-x (kN) 2237.61 0.04 OK
C.2. Flexural buckling-y (kN) 2587.27 0.04 OK
C.3. Flexural tors. buck. (kN) 3723.39 0.03 OK
D. Flexural check
D.1. Yielding-major (kN.m) 784.55 0.01 OK
D.2. Yielding-minor (kN.m) 366.67 0.05 OK
D.3. LTB - major (kN.m) 784.55 0.01 OK
E. Shear Check
E.1. Shear check major (kN) 806.40 0.06 OK
E.1. Shear check minor (kN) 2419.20 0.04 OK
F, Combination Axial+Flex
F.1. Combination Comp+Flex 0.08 OK
F.2. Combination Tens+Flex 0.06 OK

Maximum unity check 0.08

Final Verdict OK
AISC 360-16 : I/H Section 5

I-Section
B1 : 400 mm
t1 : 21 mm
B2 : 400 mm
t2 : 21 mm
Total h : 400 mm
s : 14 mm
h* : 358 mm
Type of beam : Fully rolled 500
ho : 379 mm
A. Cross section Analysis 400
2
Area1 : 8400.00 mm
2 300
Area2 : 5012.00 mm
2
Area3 : 8400.00 mm
200

y (mm)
yy1 : 389.50 mm
100
yy2 : 200.00 mm
yy3 : 10.50 mm 0
0 100 200 300 400 500
yx1 : 200.00 mm x (mm)
yx2 : 200.00 mm
yx3 : 200.00 mm Element 1
Element 2
Element 3
Centroid
2
Total Area : 21812.00 mm Shear Center

Cgy : 200.00 mm
Cgx : 200.00 mm 0.002260516

4
Ix : 6.574394E+08 mm
4
IY : 2.240819E+08 mm

rx : 173.61 mm
rY : 101.36 mm

4
Torsional Constant (J) : 2.82E+06 mm
6
Warping Constant (Cw) : 8.05E+12 mm

Elastic section modulus

3
Sx : 3.29E+06 mm
3
Sy : 1.12E+06 mm
Plastic section modulus Shape factor
3
Zx : 3.63E+06 mm ηx 1.10 [-]
3
Zy : 1.70E+06 mm ηy 1.52 [-]

B. Tension Capacity

B.1. Tensile yield Capacity

ϕ : 0.9 [-] AISC 360-2016 : D2-1
AISC 360-16 : I/H Section 6

Pn : 5234.88 kN
ϕPn : 4711.392 kN

B.2. Tensile rupture Capacity

An : 21812.00 mm2 Will be corrected later once we calculate the
U : 1 [-] connection :)

ϕ : 0.75 [-] AISC 360-2016 : D2-2

Pn : 8942.92 kN
ϕPn : 6707.190 kN
AISC 360-16 : I/H Section 7

C. Compression
C.1 Slender element check
Unstiffened Elements
b/t : 9.2 [-]
λr : 16.17 [-] AISC 360-16 Table 4.1 a
Check : OK Limiting width-to-thickness
Stiffened Elements
h/tw : 25.6 [-]
λr : 43.01 [-]
Check : OK
Elements buckling check :
Check : OK
C.2 Flexural Buckling without slender elements
ϕ : 0.9 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E1
C.2.1 Buckling in x-axis
Lcx : 21000 mm
Lcx/rx : 120.96 [-]
Fe : 134.91 MPa AISC 360-2016 : E3-4
Fy/Fe : 1.78 [-]

Limit [1] : 135.97 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E3-2

Limit [2] : 2.25 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E3-3

Type of buckling : [a] Elasto-plastic buckling

Fcrx : 113.985 MPa
Capacity reduction due : 53%
to Buckling

Pn : 2486.237 kN AISC 360-2016 : E3-1

ϕPn : 2237.614 kN

C.2.1 Buckling in y-axis

Lcy 11000 mm
Lcy/ry : 108.53 [-]
Fe : 167.59 MPa AISC 360-2016 : E3-4
Fy/Fe : 1.43 [-]

Limit [1] : 135.97 [-]

Limit [2] : 2.25 [-]

Type of buckling : [a] Elasto-plastic buckling

Fcry : 131.796 MPa
Capacity reduction due : 45%
to Buckling

Pn : 2874.740 kN
ϕPn : 2587.266 kN

C.3 Flexural torsion without slender elements

ϕ : 0.9 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E1
C.3.1 Torsional and flexural torsional buckling e
Lcz : 10000 mm 10 m
AISC 360-16 : I/H Section 8

Fe : 426.82 MPa AISC 360-2016 : E4-2

Fy/Fe : 0.562294 [-]

Limit [1] : 135.97 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E3-2

Limit [2] : 2.25 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E3-3

Type of buckling : [a] Elasto-plastic buckling

Fcrz : 189.7 MPa
Capacity reduction due
to Buckling : 21%

Pn : 4137.10 kN AISC 360-2016 : E3-1

ϕPn : 3723.391 kN

400

350
Compression stress capacity (MPa)

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
Length (m)

Material Yield Euler Buckling x Euler Buckling y AISC Flex. Buck line [y]

AISC Flex. Buck line [x] Flex. Buck. x - axis Flex. Buck. y - axis

D. Flexure calculation
D.1 Yielding
Major axis : x [-]
ϕ : 0.9 [-]
Mnpl,major axis : 871.72176 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F2-1
Mnp,minor axis : 407.41008 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F6-1
AISC 360-16 : I/H Section 9

ϕMnpl,x major axis : 784.549584 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F2-1

ϕMnply minor axis : 366.669072 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F6-1

D.2 Lateral torsional buckling in major axis

D.2.1 Major Axis

Limit ratio
ϕ : 0.9 [-]
Lb : 10000 mm
Cb : 2.08 [-]
rts : 113.66 mm AISC 360-2016 : F2-7
c: 1.00 [-] AISC 360-2016 : F2-8a

Lp : 5149.6 mm AISC 360-2016 : F2-5 The limiting laterally unbraced length for
the limt state of yielding
Lr : 19395 mm AISC 360-2016 : F2-6 The limiting laterally unbraced length for
Condition : b [-] the inelastic lateral torsional buckling
in-elastic buckling
MnLTB : 871.72 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F2-6

ϕMnLTB : 784.55 kN.m

1200
Governing moment capacity (kN.m)

In-elastic
1000 Buckling Elastic buckling

800

600

400

200

0
0 10 20 30 40 50
Unbraced Length (Lb) [m]

E. Shear Calculation
E.1. Major Axis
h/tw : 25.57 [-]
Limit [a] : 64.66 [-]
Limit [b] : 73.38 [-]

ϕ : 1 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-2

kv : 5.34 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-5 Preliminray design
Cv1 : 1.00 [-]
2
Aw : 5600 mm AISC 360-2016 : G2-1
AISC 360-16 : I/H Section 10

Vn : 806.4 kN AISC 360-2016 : G2-1

ϕVn : 806.40 kN AISC 360-2016 : G2-1

E.2. minor Axis

b/(2tf) : 9.52 [-]

Limit [a] : 64.66 [-]
Limit [b] : 34.79 [-]

ϕ : 1 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-2

kv : 1.20 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-5 Preliminray design
Cv2 : 1.00 [-]

Vn : 2419.2 kN AISC 360-2016 : G6-1

ϕVn : 2419.20 kN AISC 360-2016 : G2-1

F. Combination
F.1. Combination under compression and flexure
Pr/Pc 0.04 [-] Governing compression unity check
Mrx/Mcx 0.01 [-] Governing Mx unity check (Mx and Mltb)
Mry/Mcy 0.05 [-] Governing Mx unity check

Combination [1] 0.08 [-] AISC 360-2016 :H1-1a,1b

F.2. Combination under tension and flexure

Pr/Pc 0.00 [-] Governing tension unity check
Mrx/Mcx 0.01 [-] Governing Mx unity check (Mx and Mltb)
Mry/Mcy 0.05 [-] Governing Mx unity check

Combination [2] 0.06 [-] AISC 360-2016 :H1-1a,1b

AISC 360-16 : I/H Section 11
AISC 360-16 : Flat Bar section 12

Rectangular Section (Flat Bar)

Force Value
N (kN) -100
Vx (kN) 100
Vy (kN) 50
Mx (kN.m) 5
My (kN.m) 20
Mt (kN.m) 0

SUMMARY
A. Cross section analysis
Verification
Verification Capacity u.c Status Additional Remarks
B. Tension check
B.1. Tensile yield (kN) 216.00 0.00 OK
B.2. Tensile rupture (kN) 307.50 0.00 OK
C. Compression check
C.1. Flexural buckling-x (kN) - #N/A NOT OK
C.2. Flexural buckling-y (kN) - #N/A NOT OK
C.3. Flexural tors. buck. (kN) - #N/A NOT OK
D. Flexural check Flexural Axis
D.1. Yielding- major (kN.m) 5.40 3.70 NOT OK y
D.2. Yielding- minor (kN.m) 0.54 9.26 NOT OK x
D.3. LTB - major (kN.m) 1.19 16.87 NOT OK y
D.4. LTB - minor (kN.m) #N/A 0.00 OK
E. Shear check Shear Axis
E.1 Shear Check 144.00 0.69 OK x
F. Combination Axial+Flexural
E.1 Combination Comp. + Flex. #N/A NOT OK
E.2 Combination Tens. + Flex 26.13 NOT OK

Maximum unity check #N/A

Final Verdict NOT OK
AISC 360-16 : Flat Bar section 13

Flat Bar Section

Height : 10 mm
Width : 100 mm

150

A. Cross section Analysis

2
Area : 1000 mm 100
Cgy : 5 mm
Cgx : 50 mm
:
4 50
Ix : 8333 mm
4
y (mm)

IY : 833333 mm

rx : 2.89 mm 0
0 50 100 150
rY : 28.9 mm
x (mm)

Bar Section
Elastic moment capacity Centroid
Series3
3
Sx : 1666.667 mm
3
Sy : 16666.667 mm

Plastic moment capacity Shape factor

3
Zx : 2500.000 mm ηx 1.50 [-]
3
Zy : 25000.000 mm ηy 1.50 [-]
AISC 360-16 : Flat Bar section 14

B. Tension Capacity

B.1. Tensile yield Capacity

ϕ : 0.9 [-] AISC 360-2016 : D2-1
Pn : 240 kN
ϕPn : 216 kN

B.2. Tensile rupture capacity

An : 1000 mm2
U : 1 [-] Will be corrected later once we calculate the connection :)

ϕ : 0.75 [-] AISC 360-2016 : D2-2

Pn : 410 kN
ϕPn : 307.5 kN
AISC 360-16 : Flat Bar section 15

C. Compression
Not a compression member

D. Flexure calculation
D.1 Yielding

Major axis : y [-]

ϕ : 0.9 [-]
ϕMnpl,major axis : 6 kN.m
ϕMnp,minor axis : 0.6 kN.m

ϕMnpl,major axis : 5.4 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F11-1

ϕMnp,minor axis : 0.54 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F11-1

D.2 Lateral torsional buckling

D.2.1 Major Axis
Limit ratio

Depth (d) : 100 mm

Width (t) : 10 mm
Lb : 10000 mm 10 m
Cb : 2.08 [-]

Lb d/t2 : 10000 [-]

Limit_1 (0.08 E/Fy) : 66.67 [-]
Limit_2 (1.90 E/Fy) : 1583.33 [-]

Condition : c
MnLTB : 1.317333333 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F11-2,3
ϕMnp,minor axis : 1.186 kN.m
Capacity reduction due
to Buckling : 78%

7
Governing moment capacity (kN.m)

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Unbraced Length (Lb) [m]
D.2.2 Minor axis
For rounds and rectangular bars bent about their minor axis, the limit state of lateral-torsional buckling need not be considered
AISC 360-16 : Flat Bar section 16

E. Shear
h/tw : 10.00 [-]
Limit [a] : 64.66 [-]
Limit [b] : 71.00 [-]

ϕ : 1 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-2

kv : 5.00 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-2-5
Cv1 : 1.00 [-]
2
Aw : 1000 mm AISC 360-2016 : G4-1
Vn : 144 kN AISC 360-2016 : G4-1

ϕVn : 144.00 kN AISC 360-2016 : G2-1

AISC 360-16 : Flat Bar section 17

F. Combination
F.1. Combination under compression and flexure
Pr/Pc #N/A [-] Governing compression unity check
Mrx/Mcx 16.87 [-] Governing Mx unity check (Mx and Mltb)
Mry/Mcy 9.26 [-] Governing Mx unity check

Unity check #N/A [-] AISC 360-2016 :H1-1a,1b

F.2. Combination under tension and flexure

Pr/Pc 0.00 [-] Governing tension unity check
Mrx/Mcx 16.87 [-] Governing Mx unity check (Mx and Mltb)
Mry/Mcy 9.26 [-] Governing Mx unity check

Unity check 26.13 [-] AISC 360-2016 :H1-1a,1b

AISC 360-16 : Circle section 18

Circular Section
Force Value
N (kN) -100
Vx (kN) 100
Vy (kN) 50
Mx (kN.m) 5
My (kN.m) 20
Mt (kN.m) 0
Resultant force
Vr(kN) 111.80
Mr (kN.m) 20.61552813

SUMMARY
A. Cross section analysis
Verification
Verification Capacity u.c Status
B. Tension check
B.1. Tensile yield (kN) 16.96 0.00 OK
B.2. Tensile rupture (kN) 24.15 0.00 OK
C. Compression check
C.1. Flexural buckling-x (kN) - #N/A NOT OK
C.2. Flexural buckling-y (kN) - #N/A NOT OK
C.3. Flexural tors. buck. (kN) - #N/A NOT OK
D. Flexural check
D.1. Flexural yielding-x (kN.m) 0.04 138.89 NOT OK
D.2. Flexural yielding-y (kN.m) 0.04 555.56 NOT OK
D.2. Flexural yielding-r (kN.m) 0.04 572.65 NOT OK
E. Shear Check
E.1. Shear check (kN) 11.31 8.84 NOT OK
F, Combination Axial+Flex
F.1. Combination Comp+Flex #N/A NOT OK
F.2. Combination Tens+Flex 694.44 NOT OK

Maximum unity check #N/A

Final Verdict NOT OK
AISC 360-16 : Circle section 19

Circle Section x (mm)

Radius : 5 mm 0 10 20
20

y (mm)
10

[Link] section Analysis 0

Circle
2
Area : 78.54 mm Centroid
Scale
Cgx : 5 mm
Cgy : 5 mm

4
Ix : 490.87 mm
4
IY : 490.87 mm

Elastic moment capacity

3
Sx : 98.175 mm
3
Sy : 98.175 mm

Plastic moment capacity Shape factor

3
Zx : 166.667 mm ηx 1.70 [-]
3
Zy : 166.667 mm ηy 1.70 [-]
AISC 360-16 : Circle section 20

B. Tension Capacity

B.1. Tensile yield Capacity

ϕ : 0.9 [-] AISC 360-2016 : D2-1
Pn : 18.84955592 kN
ϕPn : 16.96460033 kN

B.2. Tensile rupture Capacity

An : 78.54 mm2
U : 1 [-] Will be corrected later once we calculate the connection :)

ϕ : 0.75 [-] AISC 360-2016 : D2-2

Pn : 32.2013247 kN
ϕPn : 24.15099352 kN
AISC 360-16 : Circle section 21

C. Compression
Not a compression member

D. Flexure calculation
D.1 Yielding
ϕ : 0.9 [-]
Mnpl,x : 0.04 kN.m
Mnpl, y : 0.04 kN.m

ϕMnpl,x : 0.036 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F11-1

ϕMnply : 0.036 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F11-1

D.2 Lateral torsional buckling

AISC 360-2016 : F11

For rounds and rectangular bars bent about their minor axis, the limit state of lateral-torsional buckling need not be considered
AISC 360-16 : Circle section 22

E. Shear

ϕ : 1 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-2

Cv1 : 1.00 [-]
2
Aw : 78.54 mm AISC 360-2016 : G4-1
Vn : 11.31 kN AISC 360-2016 : G4-1

ϕVn : 11.31 kN AISC 360-2016 : G2-1

AISC 360-16 : Circle section 23

F. Combination
F.1. Combination under compression and flexure
Pr/Pc #N/A [-] Governing compression unity check
Mrx/Mcx 138.89 [-] Governing Mx unity check (Mx and Mltb)
Mry/Mcy 555.56 [-] Governing Mx unity check

Combination [1] #N/A [-] AISC 360-2016 :H1-1a,1b

F.2. Combination under tension and flexure

Pr/Pc 0.00 [-] Governing tension unity check
Mrx/Mcx 138.89 [-] Governing Mx unity check (Mx and Mltb)
Mry/Mcy 555.56 [-] Governing Mx unity check

Combination [2] 694.44 [-] AISC 360-2016 :H1-1a,1b

AISC 360-16 : Circular hollow section 24

Hollow section : Circular

Force Value
N (kN) -100
Vx (kN) 100
Vy (kN) 50
Mx (kN.m) 5
My (kN.m) 20
Mt (kN.m) 0
Resultant force
Vr(kN) 111.80
Mr (kN.m) 20.62

SUMMARY
A. Cross section analysis
Verification
Verification Capacity u.c Status Additional Remarks
B. Tension check
B.1. Tensile yield (kN) 2646.48 0.00 OK
B.2. Tensile rupture (kN) 3767.55 0.00 OK
C. Compression check
C.1. Flexural buckling-x (kN) 823.52 0.12 OK
C.2. Flexural buckling-y (kN) 1914.72 0.05 OK
C.3. Flexural tors. buck. (kN) 2643.04 0.04 OK
D. Flexural check
D.1. Flexural yielding-x (kN.m) 328.61 0.02 OK
D.2. Flexural yielding-y (kN.m) 328.61 0.06 OK
D.3 LTB (kN.m) #N/A 0.00 OK
D.4. Flexural yielding-r (kN.m) 328.61 0.06 OK
E. Shear Check
E.1. Shear check (kN) 882.16 0.06 OK
F, Combination Axial+Flex
F.1. Combination Comp+Flex 0.14 OK
F.2. Combination Tens+Flex 0.08 OK
G, Torsional check
F.1. Torsional check (kN.m) 60419.08 0.00 OK

Maximum unity check 0.14

Final Verdict OK
AISC 360-16 : Circular hollow section 25

Hollow section : circular

Radius 200 mm
thickness 10 mm

Inner radius 190 mm

x (mm)
A. Cross section Analysis
2 0 100 200 300 400 500
Area : 12252.21 mm 500
Cgy : 200 mm
Cgx : 200 mm
400
4
Ix : 233098320.91 mm
4
Iy : 233098320.91 mm 300

rx : 137.93 mm 200
rY : 137.93 mm

100

y (mm)
4
Torsional Constant (J) : 466196641.8 mm
6
Warping Constant (Cw) : 0 mm
0
Can be considered 0 in most cases for closed section
Outer Perimeter
Inner Perimeter
Centroid
Elastic moment capacity Shear Center
3
Sx : 1165491.605 mm
3
Sy : 1165491.605 mm

Plastic moment capacity Shape factor

3
Zx : 1521333.333 mm ηx 1.31 [-]
3
Zy : 1521333.333 mm ηy 1.31 [-]
AISC 360-16 : Circular hollow section 26

B. Tension Capacity

B.1. Tensile yield

ϕ : 0.9 [-] AISC 360-2016 : D2-1
Pn : 2940.53 kN
ϕPn : 2646.48 kN

B.2. Tensile rupture

An : 12252.21 mm2 Will be corrected later once we calculate the connection :)
U : 1 [-]

ϕ : 0.75 [-] AISC 360-2016 : D2-2

Pn : 5023.406653 kN
ϕPn : 3767.55499 kN
AISC 360-16 : Circular hollow section 27

C. Compression
C.1 Slender element check (Stiffened elements)
D/t : 40.0 [-]
λr : 91.67 [-] AISC 360-16 Table 4.1 a
Limiting width-to-thickness
Check : OK

C.2 Flexural Buckling without slender elements

ϕ : 0.9 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E1
C.2.1 Buckling in x-axis
Lcx : 21000 mm
Lcx/rx : 152.25 [-]
Fe : 85.16 MPa AISC 360-2016 : E3-4
Fy/Fe : 2.82 [-]

Limit [1] : 135.97 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E3-2

Limit [2] : 2.25 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E3-3

Type of buckling : [b] Elastic buckling

Fcrx : 74.682 MPa
Capacity reduction due
to Buckling : 69%

Pn : 915.019 kN AISC 360-2016 : E3-1

ϕPn : 823.517 kN

C.2.1 Buckling in y-axis

Lcy : 11000 mm
Lcy/ry : 79.75 [-]
Fe : 310.36 MPa AISC 360-2016 : E3-4
Fy/Fe : 0.77 [-]

Limit [1] : 135.97 [-]

Limit [2] : 2.25 [-]

Type of buckling : [a] Elasto-plastic buckling

Fcry : 173.639 MPa
Capacity reduction due : 28%
to Buckling

Pn : 2127.461 kN
ϕPn : 1914.715 kN
AISC 360-16 : Circular hollow section 28

C.3 Flexural torsion without slender elements

ϕ : 0.9 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E1
C.2.1 Torsional and flexural torsional buckling
Lcz : 10000 mm 10 m
Fe : 77,200.00 MPa AISC 360-2016 : E4-2
Fy/Fe : 0.003109 [-]

Limit [1] : 135.97 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E3-2

Limit [2] : 2.25 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E3-3

Type of buckling : [a] Elasto-plastic buckling

FcrZ : 239.7 MPa
Capacity reduction due
to Buckling : 0%

Pn : 2936.707 kN AISC 360-2016 : E3-1

ϕPn : 2643.036 kN

400
Compression stress capacity (MPa)

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0
Length (m)

Material yield Euler Buckling x Euler Buckling y AISC Flex. Buckling line [y]
AISC Flex. Buck line [x] Flex. Buck x - axis Flex. Buck y - axis
AISC 360-16 : Circular hollow section 29

D. Flexure calculation
D.1 Yielding
ϕ : 0.9 [-]
Mnpl,x : 365.12 kN.m
Mnply : 365.12 kN.m

ϕMnpl,x : 328.608 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F2-1

ϕMnply : 328.608 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F2-1

D.2 Lateral torsional buckling

AISC 360-2016 : F8
For circular hollow section the limit state of lateral-torsional buckling need not be considered
AISC 360-16 : Circular hollow section 30

E. Shear Calculation
ϕ : 1 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-2

2
Ag : 12252.21 mm Gross Area
D: 400.00 mm Diameter
Fcr : 144.00 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G5-2a,b
Vn : 882.16 kN AISC 360-2016 : G2-1

ϕVn : 882.16 kN AISC 360-2016 : G2-1

AISC 360-16 : Circular hollow section 31

F. Combination
F.1. Combination under compression and flexure
Pr/Pc 0.12 [-] Governing compression unity check
Mrx/Mcx 0.02 [-] Governing Mx unity check (Mx and Mltb)
Mry/Mcy 0.06 [-] Governing Mx unity check

Combination [1] 0.14 [-] AISC 360-2016 :H1-1a,1b

F.2. Combination under tension and flexure

Pr/Pc 0.00 [-] Governing tension unity check
Mrx/Mcx 0.02 [-] Governing Mx unity check (Mx and Mltb)
Mry/Mcy 0.06 [-] Governing Mx unity check

Combination [2] 0.08 [-] AISC 360-2016 :H1-1a,1b

AISC 360-16 : Circular hollow section 32

G. Torsional Check
ϕ : 0.9 [-] AISC 360-2016 : H3-1
[1] Fcr : 489.09 Mpa AISC 360-2016 : H3-2a
[2] Fcr : 474.34 Mpa AISC 360-2016 : H3-2b

Fcr : 144.00 Mpa AISC 360-2016 : H3-2a,b

Tn : 67132.32 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : H3-1

ϕTn : 60419.08 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : H3-1

AISC 360-16 : Rectangle hollow section 33

Hollow section : Circular

Force Value
N (kN) -100
Vx (kN) 100
Vy (kN) 50
Mx (kN.m) 5
My (kN.m) 20
Mt (kN.m) 0

SUMMARY
A. Cross section analysis
Verification
Verification Capacity u.c Status Additional Remarks
B. Tension check
B.1. Tensile yield (kN) 1209.60 0.00 OK
B.2. Tensile rupture (kN) 1722.00 0.00 OK
C. Compression check
C.1. Flexural buckling-x (kN) 98.17 1.02 NOT OK
C.2. Flexural buckling-y (kN) 115.71 0.86 OK
C.3. Flexural tors. buck. (kN) 1206.83 0.08 OK
D. Flexural check Flexural Axis
D.1. Yielding-major (kN.m) 76.03 0.07 OK x
D.2. Yielding-minor (kN.m) 45.79 0.44 OK y
D.3. LTB - major (kN.m) 76.03 0.07 OK x
D.4. LTB - minor (kN.m) #N/A 0.00 OK y
E. Shear Check Shear Axis
E.1. Shear check major (kN) 518.40 0.10 OK x
E.1. Shear check minor (kN) 230.40 0.43 OK y
F, Combination Axial+Flex
F.1. Combination Comp+Flex 1.47 NOT OK
F.2. Combination Tens+Flex 0.50 OK
G. Torsional check
G.1. Torisional check 2706.88 0.00 OK

Maximum unity check 1.47

Final Verdict NOT OK
AISC 360-16 : Rectangle hollow section 34

Hollow section : rectangle

Height : 200 mm
Width : 100 mm
thickness : 10 mm

[Link] : 180 mm
[Link] : 80 mm

A. Cross section Analysis

2 300
Area : 5600 mm
Cgy : 100 mm
Cgx : 50 mm
200
4
Ix : 27786666.67 mm
4
Iy : 8986666.67 mm

100
rx : 70.44 mm
y (mm)

rY : 40.06 mm

Torsional Constant (J) 4 0

: 20886428.57 mm
6 0 100 200 300
Warping Constant (Cw) : 0 mm
x (mm)
Can be considered 0 in most cases for closed section
Outer Perimeter
Elastic section modulus Inner Perimeter
Centroid
3
Sx : 277866.6667 mm Shear center
Scale
3
Sy : 179733.3333 mm

Plastic section modulus Shape factor

3
Zx : 352000 mm ηx 1.27 [-]
3
Zy : 212000 mm ηy 1.18 [-]
AISC 360-16 : Rectangle hollow section 35

B. Tension Capacity

B.1. Tensile yield Capacity

ϕ : 0.9 [-] AISC 360-2016 : D2-1
Pn : 1344.00 kN
ϕPn : 1209.600 kN

B.2. Tensile rupture Capacity

An : 5600.00 mm2
U : 1 [-] Will be corrected later once we calculate the connection :)

ϕ : 0.75 [-] AISC 360-2016 : D2-2

Pn : 2296 kN
ϕPn : 1722.000 kN
AISC 360-16 : Rectangle hollow section 36

C. Compression
C.1 Slender element check (Stiffened elements)
b/t : 20.0 [-]
λr : 40.41 [-] AISC 360-16 Table 4.1 a
Limiting width-to-thickness
Check : OK

C.2 Flexural Buckling without slender elements

ϕ : 0.9 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E1
C.2.1 Buckling in x-axis
Lcx : 21000 mm
Lcx/rx : 298.12 [-]
Fe : 22.21 MPa AISC 360-2016 : E3-4
Fy/Fe : 10.81 [-]

Limit [1] : 135.97 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E3-2

Limit [2] : 2.25 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E3-3

Type of buckling : [b] Elastic buckling

Fcrx : 19.478 MPa
Capacity reduction due : 92%
to Buckling

Pn : 109.075 kN AISC 360-2016 : E3-1

ϕPn : 98.168 kN

C.2.1 Buckling in y-axis

Lcy : 11000 mm
Lcy/ry : 274.59 [-]
Fe : 26.18 MPa AISC 360-2016 : E3-4
Fy/Fe : 9.17 [-]

Limit [1] : 135.97 [-]

Limit [2] : 2.25 [-]

Type of buckling : [b] Elastic buckling

Fcry : 22.959 MPa
Capacity reduction due : 90%
to Buckling

Pn : 128.571 kN
ϕPn : 115.714 kN
AISC 360-16 : Rectangle hollow section 37

C.3 Flexural torsion without slender elements

ϕ : 0.9 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E1
C.2.1 Torsional and flexural torsional buckling
Lcz : 10000 mm 10 m
Fe : 43,847.87 MPa AISC 360-2016 : E4-2
Fy/Fe : 0.005473 [-]

Limit [1] : 135.97 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E3-2

Limit [2] : 2.25 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E3-3

Type of buckling : [a] Elasto-plastic buckling

Fcrz : 239.5 MPa
Capacity reduction due
to Buckling : 0%

Pn : 1340.925 kN AISC 360-2016 : E3-1

ϕPn : 1206.832 kN

400
Compression stress capacity (MPa)

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0
Length (m)

Material yield Euler Buckling x Euler Buckling y AISC Flex. Buck line [y]
AISC Flex. Buck line [x] Flex. Buck x - axis Flex. Buck y - axis
AISC 360-16 : Rectangle hollow section 38

D. Flexure calculation
D.1 Yielding

Major Axis : x
ϕ: 0.9 [-]

Mnpl,major axis : 84.48 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F2-1

Mnpl,minor axis : 50.88 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F2-1

ϕMnpl, major axis : 76.032 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F2-1

ϕMnpl, minor axis : 45.792 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F2-1

D.2 Lateral torsional buckling

D.2.1 Major Axis
Limit ratio

Lb : 10000 mm
Cb : 2.08 [-]

Lp : 4216 mm AISC 360-2016 : F7-12

Lr : 117394 mm AISC 360-2016 : F7-13

Condition : b in-elastic buckling

MnLTB : 84.480 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F7-10,11
ϕMnLTB : 76.032 kN.m

Capacity reduction due

to Buckling : 0%

100.00
Governing moment capacity (kN.m)

90.00
Elastic Buckling
80.00
70.00 In-elastic Buckling

60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Unbraced Length (Lb) [m]

D.2.1 Minor axis

For rounds and rectangular bars bent about their minor axis, the limit state of lateral-torsional buckling need not be considered
AISC 360-16 : Rectangle hollow section 39

E. Shear
E.1. Major Axis
Axis : x
h/tw : 18.00 [-]
Limit [a] : 64.66 [-]
Limit [b] : 71.00 [-]

ϕ : 1 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-2

kv : 5.00 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-2-5
Cv1 : 1.00 [-]
2
Aw : 3600 mm AISC 360-2016 : G4-1
Vn : 518.4 kN AISC 360-2016 : G4-1

ϕVn : 518.40 kN AISC 360-2016 : G2-1

E.2. minor Axis

h/tw : 8.00 [-]

Limit [a] : 64.66 [-]
Limit [b] : 34.79 [-]

ϕ : 1 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-2

kv : 1.20 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-5
Cv2 : 1.00 [-]
2
Aw : 1600 mm AISC 360-2016 : G2-1
Vn : 230.4 kN AISC 360-2016 : G6-1

ϕVn : 230.40 kN AISC 360-2016 : G2-1

AISC 360-16 : Rectangle hollow section 40

F. Combination
F.1. Combination under compression and flexure
Pr/Pc 1.02 [-] Governing compression unity check
Mrx/Mcx 0.07 [-] Governing Mx unity check (Mx and Mltb)
Mry/Mcy 0.44 [-] Governing Mx unity check

Combination [1] 1.47 [-] AISC 360-2016 :H1-1a,1b

F.2. Combination under tension and flexure

Pr/Pc 0.00 [-] Governing tension unity check
Mrx/Mcx 0.07 [-] Governing Mx unity check (Mx and Mltb)
Mry/Mcy 0.44 [-] Governing Mx unity check

Combination [2] 0.50 [-] AISC 360-2016 :H1-1a,1b

AISC 360-16 : Rectangle hollow section 41

G. Torsional Check
ϕ : 0.9 [-] AISC 360-2016 : H3-1
h/t : 20 [-]
limit [1] : 70.73 [-] AISC 360-2016 : H3-2a
limit [2] : 88.62 [-] AISC 360-2016 : H3-2b
limit [3] 260.00 [-]

Fcr : 144.00 Mpa AISC 360-2016 : H3-2a,b

Tn : 3007.65 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : H3-1

ϕTn : 2706.88 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : H3-1

AISC 360-16 : C (Channel) - Section 42

C-Section
Force Value
N (kN) -100
Vx (kN) 100
Vy (kN) 50
Mx (kN.m) 5
My (kN.m) 20
Mt (kN.m) 0

SUMMARY
A. Cross section analysis
Verification
Verification ϕ Capacity u.c Status
B. Tension check
B.1. Tensile yield (kN) 291.17 0.00 OK
B.2. Tensile rupture (kN) 414.51 0.00 OK
C. Compression check
C.1. Flexural buckling-x (kN) 7.31 13.67 NOT OK
C.2. Flexural buckling-y (kN) 4.26 23.49 NOT OK
C.3. Flexural tors. buck. (kN) 7.28 13.74 NOT OK
D. Flexural check
D.1. Yielding-major (kN.m) 10.63 0.47 OK
D.2. Yielding-minor (kN.m) 3.45 5.80 NOT OK
D.3. LTB - major (kN.m) 6.76 0.74 OK
E. Shear Check
E.1. Shear check major (kN) 86.40 0.58 OK
E.1. Shear check minor (kN) 122.40 0.82 OK
F, Combination Axial+Flex
F.1. Combination Comp+Flex 29.31 NOT OK
F.2. Combination Tens+Flex 6.54 NOT OK

Maximum unity check 29.31

Final Verdict NOT OK
AISC 360-16 : C (Channel) - Section 43

C-Section
B1 50 mm 425
t1 8.5 mm
B2 50 mm
t2 8.5 mm
Total h 100 mm
s 6 mm
h* 83 mm 45.75
ho 91.5 mm 20.75
A. Cross section Analysis
2
x axis
Area1 : 425.00 mm
2
-50 0 50 100 150
Area2 : 498.00 mm 150
2
Area3 : 425.00 mm 249

yy1 : 95.75 mm 100

yy2 : 50.00 mm
yy3 : 4.25 mm

y axis 50
yx1 : 25 mm
yx2 : 3 mm
yx3 : 25 mm 0

2
Total Area : 1348.00 mm
-50
Cgy : 50.00 mm Element 1 Element 2

Cgx,1 : 16.87 mm Element 3 Centroid

Cgx,2 : 33.13 mm
Shear center

4
Ix : 2.07E+06 mm
4
IY : 3.31E+05 mm

rx : 39.19 mm
rY : 15.66 mm
Shear Center
xo : 32.86 mm
yo : 0 mm coordinates of the shear center with respect to the centroid

ro 53.48 mm Polar radius gyration about the shear center

Torsional Constant
d' : 91.5 mm
b' : 47 mm
α : 0.41 [-]

4
J : 25830.58 mm
Warping Constant
6
Cw : 479962325.5 mm
Elastic section modulus
3
Sx : 41402 mm
3
Sy : 9978 mm

Plastic section modulus Shape factor

3
Zx : 49221 mm ηx 1.19 [-]
3
Zy : 17934 mm ηy 1.80 [-]
AISC 360-16 : C (Channel) - Section 44

B. Tension Capacity

B.1. Tensile yield Capacity

ϕ : 0.9 [-] AISC 360-2016 : D2-1
Pn : 323.52 kN
ϕPn : 291.168 kN

B.2. Tensile Rupture Capacity

2
An : 1348.00 mm Will be corrected later once we calculate the connection :)
U : 1 [-]

ϕ : 0.75 [-] AISC 360-2016 : D2-2

Pn : 552.68 kN
ϕPn : 414.510 kN
AISC 360-16 : C (Channel) - Section 45

C. Compression
C.1 Slender element check
Unstiffened Elements
b/t : 5.9 [-] AISC 360-16 Table 4.1 a
λr : 16.17 [-] Limiting width-to-thickness
Check : OK
Stiffened Elements
h/tw : 13.8 [-]
λr : 43.01 [-]
Check : OK
Elements buckling check :
Check : OK
C.2 Flexural Buckling without slender elements
ϕ : 0.9 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E1
C.2.1 Buckling in x-axis
Lcx : 21000 mm 21 m
Lcx/rx : 535.88 [-]
Fex : 6.87 MPa AISC 360-2016 : E3-4
Fy/Fe : 34.92 [-]

Limit [1] : 135.97 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E3-2

Limit [2] : 2.25 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E3-3

Type of buckling : [b] Elastic buckling

Fcrx : 6.028 MPa
Capacity reduction : 97%
due to Buckling

Pn : 8.126 kN AISC 360-2016 : E3-1

ϕPn : 7.314 kN

C.2.1 Buckling in y-axis

Lcy : 11000 mm 11
Lcy/ry : 702.44 [-]
Fey : 4.00 MPa AISC 360-2016 : E3-4
Fy/Fe : 59.99 [-]

Limit [1] : 135.97 [-]

Limit [2] : 2.25 [-]

Type of buckling : [b] Elastic buckling

Fcry : 3.508 MPa
Capacity reduction : 99%
due to Buckling

Pn : 4.729 kN
ϕPn : 4.256 kN

C.3 Flexural torsion without slender elements

ϕ : 0.9 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E1
C.2.1 Torsional and flexural torsional buckling
Lcz : 10000 mm 10 m
Fex : 6.87 Mpa AISC 360-2016 : E4-6
Fez : 519.61 Mpa AISC 360-2016 : E4-7

H: 0.62 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E4-8, Flexural constant

Fe : 6.84 MPa AISC 360-2016 : E3-4

Fy/Fe : 35.09 [-]

Limit [2] : 2.25 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E3-3

AISC 360-16 : C (Channel) - Section 46

Type of buckling : [b] Elastic buckling

FcrZ : 6.0 MPa

Capacity reduction
due to Buckling : 98%

Pn : 8.085 kN AISC 360-2016 : E3-1

ϕPn : 7.277 kN

400
Compression stress capacity (MPa)

350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
Length (m)

Material yield Euler Buckling x Euler Buckling y AISC Flex. Buck line [y]

AISC Flex. Buck line [x] Flex. Buck x - axis Flex Buck. y - axis
AISC 360-16 : C (Channel) - Section 47

D. Flexure calculation
D.1 Yielding
ϕ : 0.9 [-]
Mnpl,major axis : 11.81 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F2-1
Mnpl, minor axis : 3.83 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F6-1

ϕMnplx, major axis : 10.63 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F2-1

ϕMnply, minor axis : 3.45 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F6-1

D.2 Lateral Torsional Buckling

Limit ratio
ϕ : 0.9 [-]
Lb : 10000 mm
Cb : 2.08 [-]
rts : 17.44 mm AISC 360-2016 : F2-7
c: 1.20 [-] AISC 360-2016 : F2-8b

Lp : 796 mm AISC 360-2016 : F2-5 The limiting laterally unbraced length for the limt state
of yielding
Lr : 5226 mm AISC 360-2016 : F2-6 The limiting laterally unbraced length for the inelastic
Condition : c [-] lateral torsional buckling
elastic buckling
MnLTB : 7.5 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F2-2,3,4

ϕMnLTB : 6.76 kN.m

16.00
In-elastic
Governing Moment Capacity (kN.m)

14.00 Buckling
Elastic Buckling
12.00

10.00

8.00

6.00

4.00

2.00

0.00
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00
Unbraced Length (Lb) [m]
AISC 360-16 : C (Channel) - Section 48

E. Shear Calculation
E.1. Major Axis
h/tw : 13.83 [-]
Limit [b] : 73.38 [-]

ϕ : 1 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-2

kv : 5.34 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-5 Preliminray design
Cv1 : 1.00 [-]
2
Aw : 600 mm AISC 360-2016 : G2-1
Vn : 86.4 kN AISC 360-2016 : G2-1

ϕVn : 86.40 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : G2-1

E.2. minor Axis

b/(2tf) : 2.94 [-]

Limit [a] : 64.66 [-]
Limit [b] : 34.79 [-]

ϕ : 1 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-2

kv : 1.20 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-5 Preliminray design
Cv2 : 1.00 [-]
Aw : 850
Vn : 122.4 kN AISC 360-2016 : G6-1
ϕVn : 122.40 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : G2-1
AISC 360-16 : C (Channel) - Section 49

F. Combination
F.1. Combination under compression and flexure
Pr/Pc 23.49 [-] Governing compression unity check
Mrx/Mcx 0.74 [-] Governing Mx unity check (Mx and Mltb)
Mry/Mcy 5.80 [-] Governing Mx unity check

Combination [1] 29.31 [-] AISC 360-2016 :H1-1a,1b

F.2. Combination under tension and flexure

Pr/Pc 0.00 [-] Governing tension unity check
Mrx/Mcx 0.74 [-] Governing Mx unity check (Mx and Mltb)
Mry/Mcy 5.80 [-] Governing Mx unity check

Combination [2] 6.54 [-] AISC 360-2016 :H1-1a,1b

AISC 360-16 : T- Section 50

T-Section
Force Value
N (kN) -100
Vx (kN) 100
Vy (kN) 50
Mx (kN.m) 5
My (kN.m) 20
Mt (kN.m) 0

SUMMARY
A. Cross section analysis
Verification
Verification ϕ Capacity u.c Status Remarks
B. Tension check
B.1. Tensile yield (kN) 331.78 0.00 OK
B.2. Tensile rupture (kN) 472.32 0.00 OK
C. Compression check
C.1. Flexural buckling-x (kN) 5.23 19.10 NOT OK
C.2. Flexural buckling-y (kN) 8.63 11.58 NOT OK
C.3. Flexural tors. buck. (kN) 8.31 12.04 NOT OK
D. Flexural check
D.1. Yielding-major (kN.m) 8.00 0.62 OK
D.2. Yielding-minor (kN.m) 4.64 4.31 NOT OK
D.3. LTB - major (kN.m) 5.03 0.99 OK Web in tension
E. Shear Check
E.1. Shear check major (kN) 115.20 0.43 OK
E.1. Shear check minor (kN) 115.20 0.87 OK
F, Combination Axial+Flex
F.1. Combination Comp+Flex 23.82 NOT OK
F.2. Combination Tens+Flex 5.31 NOT OK
AISC 360-16 : T- Section 51

T-Section
B : 100 mm
t : 8 mm
Total h : 100 mm
s : 8 mm
h* : 92 mm

A. Cross section Analysis

2
Area1 : 800.00 mm
2
Area2 : 736.00 mm
:
yy1 : 96 mm
150
yy2 : 46 mm
:
yx1 : 50 mm
100
yx2 : 50 mm

2
Total Area : 1536.00 mm y (mm)
50
Cgyb : 72.04 mm
Cgya : 27.96 mm
Cgx : 50.00 mm
0
0 50 100 150
4
Ix : 1481725.333 mm
4
x (mm)
Iy : 670592.000 mm
Element 1
Element 2
Normal Centroid
rx : 31.06 mm Shear Center
Scale
rY : 20.89 mm
Shear center
xo : 0 mm
yo : 96 mm coordinates of the shear center with respect to the centroid

ro : 103.04 mm polar radius of gyration about the shear center

Warping constant
d' : 96
6
Cw : 16138467.56 mm Can also be taken as 0

Torsion constant
4
Torsional Constant (J) : 33450.67 mm

Elastic section modulus

3
Sx : 20568 mm
3
Sy : 13412 mm

Plastic section modulus Shape factor

3
Zx : 37046 mm ηx 1.80 [-]
3
Zy : 21472 mm ηy 1.60 [-]
AISC 360-16 : T- Section 52

B. Tension Capacity

B.1. Tensile yield Capacity

ϕ : 0.9 [-] AISC 360-2016 : D2-1
Pn : 368.64 kN
ϕPn : 331.776 kN

B.2. Tensile rupture Capacity

An : 1536.00 mm2
U : 1 [-] Will be corrected later once we calculate the connection :)

ϕ : 0.75 [-] AISC 360-2016 : D2-2

Pn : 629.76 kN
ϕPn : 472.320 kN
AISC 360-16 : T- Section 53

C. Compression
C.1 Slender element check (Stiffened elements)
b/t : 5.8 [-]
λr : 16.17 [-] AISC 360-16 Table 4.1 a
Check : OK Limiting width-to-thickness

D/t : 12.5 [-]

λr : 21.65 [-] AISC 360-16 Table 4.1 a
Check : OK Limiting width-to-thickness

Total Check : OK
C.2 Flexural Buckling without slender elements
ϕ : 0.9 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E1
C.2.1 Buckling in x-axis
Lcx : 21000 mm
Lcx/rx : 676.13 [-]
Fe : 4.32 MPa AISC 360-2016 : E3-4
Fy/Fe : 55.58 [-]

Limit [1] : 135.97 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E3-2

Limit [2] : 2.25 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E3-3

Type of buckling : [b] Elastic buckling

Fcrx : 3.787 MPa
Capacity reduction due to : 98%
Buckling

Pn : 5.816 kN AISC 360-2016 : E3-1

ϕPn : 5.235 kN

C.2.1 Buckling in y-axis

Lcy : 11000 mm
Lcy/ry : 526.45 [-]
Fe : 7.12 MPa AISC 360-2016 : E3-4
Fy/Fe : 33.70 [-]

Limit [1] : 135.97 [-]

Limit [2] : 2.25 [-]

Type of buckling : [b] Elastic buckling

Fcry : 6.246 MPa
Capacity reduction due to : 97%
Buckling

Pn : 9.594 kN
ϕPn : 8.635 kN
AISC 360-16 : T- Section 54

C.3 Flexural torsion without slender elements

ϕ : 0.9 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E1
C.2.1 Torsional and flexural torsional buckling
Lcz : 10000 mm 10 m
Fey : 7.12 Mpa AISC 360-2016 : E4-6
Fez : 158.37 Mpa AISC 360-2016 : E4-7

H: 0.13 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E4-8, Flexural constant

Fe : 6.85 MPa AISC 360-2016 : E3-4

Fy/Fe : 35.02 [-]

Limit [2] : 2.25 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E3-3

Type of buckling : [b] Elastic buckling

FcrZ : 6.0 MPa
Capacity reduction due to
Buckling : 97%

Pn : 9.232 kN AISC 360-2016 : E3-1

ϕPn : 8.308 kN

400
Compression stress capacity (MPa)

350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0
Length (m)

Material yield Euler Flexural Buckling x Euler Flexural Buckling y AISC Flex Buck. line [y]

AISC Flex. Buck. line [x] Flex. Buck x - axis Flex. Buck y - axis Flex. Torsion -Torsion Buck
AISC 360-16 : T- Section 55

D. Flexure calculation
D.1 Yielding 150
Major axis : x [-]
ϕ : 0.9 [-]
Mnpl,major axis : 8.89 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F9-1,2
100
Mnpl, minor axis : 5.15 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F9-1,2
Compression

ϕMnpl,major axis : 8.00 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F9-1,2

ϕMnpl, minor axis : 4.64 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F9-1,2 50
Tension

y (mm)
D.2 Lateral Torsional Buckling
0
D.2.1 Stem in tension
0 50 100 150
x (mm)
ϕ : 0.9 [-]
Lb : 10000 mm
Cb : 2.08 [-] Positive moment cause :
[1] Compression top fibre (Flange)
[2] Tension botton fibre (Mostly stem)
Lp : 1062 mm AISC 360-2016 : F9-8
Lr : 12553 mm AISC 360-2016 : F9-9 Negative moment cause :
[1] Tension top fibre (Flange)
[2] Compression botton fibre (Mostly stem)
Condition : [2]
MnLTB : 5.59 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F9-6,7
ϕMnLTB : 5.03 kN.m

D.2.2 Stem in compression

Condition : [2]
MnLTB : 5.59 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F9-10,11

ϕMnLTB : 5.03 kN.m

AISC 360-16 : T- Section 56

E. Shear Calculation
E.1. Major Axis
h/tw : 12.50 [-]
Limit [b] : 34.79 [-]

ϕ : 1 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-2

kv : 1.20 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-5 Preliminray design
Cv1 : 1.00 [-]
2
Aw : 800 mm AISC 360-2016 : G3-1
Vn : 115.2 kN AISC 360-2016 : G3-1

ϕVn : 115.20 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : G3-1

E.2. Minor Axis

b/(tf) : 12.50 [-]

Limit [a] : 64.66 [-]
Limit [b] : 34.79 [-]

ϕ : 1 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-2

kv : 1.20 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-5 Preliminray design
Cv2 : 1.00 [-]

Vn : 115.2 kN AISC 360-2016 : G6-1

ϕVn : 115.20 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : G6-1

AISC 360-16 : T- Section 57

F. Combination
F.1. Combination under compression and flexure
Pr/Pc 19.10 [-] Governing compression unity check
Mrx/Mcx 0.99 [-] Governing Mx unity check (Mx and Mltb)
Mry/Mcy 4.31 [-] Governing Mx unity check

Combination [1] 23.82 [-] AISC 360-2016 :H1-1a,1b

F.2. Combination under tension and flexure

Pr/Pc 0.00 [-] Governing tension unity check
Mrx/Mcx 0.99 [-] Governing Mx unity check (Mx and Mltb)
Mry/Mcy 4.31 [-] Governing Mx unity check

Combination [2] 5.31 [-] AISC 360-2016 :H1-1a,1b

AISC 360-16 : L (Angle) - Section 58

L-Section
Force Value
N (kN) -100
Vx (kN) 100
Vy (kN) 50
Mx (kN.m) 5
My (kN.m) 20
Mt (kN.m) 0
Principle moment for L section
Mu (kN.m) 17.678
Mv (kN.m) 10.607

SUMMARY
A. Cross section analysis
Verification
Verification ϕ Capacity u.c Status Remarks
B. Tension check
B.1. Tensile yield (kN) 410.40 0.00 OK
B.2. Tensile rupture (kN) 584.25 0.00 OK
C. Compression check
C.1. Flexural buckling-x (kN) 6.36 0.00 OK
C.2. Flexural buckling-y (kN) 23.18 0.00 OK
C.3. Flexural tors. buck. (kN) 23.10 0.00 OK
D. Flexural check (Geometric Axis)
D.1. Yielding-x (kN.m) 8.18 0.61 OK
D.2. Yielding-y (kN.m) 8.18 2.45 NOT OK
D. Flexural check (Geometric Axis)
D.1. Yielding-major (kN.m) 13.13 1.35 NOT OK
D.2. Yielding-minor (kN.m) 5.86 1.81 NOT OK
D.3. LTB (kN.m) 11.18 1.58 NOT OK
E. Shear check (Geometric Axis) Shear Axis
E.1 Major axis 144.00 0.35 OK x
E.2 Minor axis 144.00 0.69 OK y
AISC 360-16 : L (Angle) - Section 59

L-Section
B : 100 mm
t : 10 mm
Total h : 100 mm
s : 10 mm
h* : 90 mm
: equal angle
A. Cross section Analysis
2
Area1 : 900 mm
2
Area2 : 1000 mm
yy1 : 55 mm
yy2 : 5 mm
150
yx1 : 5 mm
yx2 : 50 mm

100
Total Area : 1900 mm2
Cgyb : 28.68 mm
y (mm)

Cgya 71.32
Cgxa : 28.68 mm 50
Cgxb : 71.32 mm

4
Ix : 1,800,043.86 mm 0
4
Iy : 1,800,043.86 mm 0 50 100 150
4
Ixy : 1,065,789.47 mm x (mm)
Element 1
4
Iu : 2,865,833.33 mm Element 2
Centroid
4
Iv : 734,254.39 mm Shear center

α : 45.00

rx : 30.78 mm
rY : 30.78 mm
rz : 19.66 mm radius gyration minor principle axis
Shear Center
x-coordinate : 5 mm
y-coordinate : 5 mm

xo : -23.68 mm coordinates of the shear center with respect to the

yo : -23.68 mm centroid

ro : 54.92 mm Polar radius gyration about the shear center

Warping constant
d' : 95
b' : 95
Cw : 47,631,944.44 mm6 Warping constant

Torsion constant
4
J : 63333.33333 mm
AISC 360-16 : L (Angle) - Section 60

Elastic section modulus

3
Sx : 25240 mm
3
Sy : 25240 mm

Shape factor
3
Su : 40529 mm ηx 1.50 [-]
3
Sv : 18100 mm ηy 1.50 [-]

Plastic section modulus

3
Zx : 37861 mm
3
Zy : 37861 mm

3
Zu : 60794 mm
3
Zv : 27151 mm

βw : 0 [-]
βw [overrule] : [-]

βw : 0
AISC 360-16 : L (Angle) - Section 61

B. Tension Capacity

B.1. Tensile yield Capacity

ϕ : 0.9 [-] AISC 360-2016 : D2-1
Pn : 456.00 kN
ϕPn : 410.400 kN

B.2. Tensile rupture Capacity

An : 1900.00 mm2
U : 1 [-] Will be corrected later once we calculate the connection :)

ϕ : 0.75 [-] AISC 360-2016 : D2-2

Pn : 779 kN
ϕPn : 584.250 kN
AISC 360-16 : L (Angle) - Section 62

C. Compression
C.1 Slender element check (unstiffened element)
b/t : 10.0 [-]
λr : 12.99 [-] AISC 360-16 Table 4.1 a
Limiting width-to-thickness
Check : OK
PLEASE ITERATE

C.2 Flexural Buckling without slender elements

ϕ : 0.9 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E1
C.2.1 Buckling in x-axis
Lcx : 21000 mm
Lcx/rx : 682.27 [-]
Fe : 4.24 MPa AISC 360-2016 : E3-4
Fy/Fe : 56.60 [-]

Limit [1] : 135.97 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E3-2

Limit [2] : 2.25 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E3-3

Type of buckling : [b] Elastic buckling

Fcrx : 3.719 MPa
Capacity reduction : 98%
due to Buckling

Pn : 7.066 kN AISC 360-2016 : E3-1

ϕPn : 6.359 kN

C.2.1 Buckling in y-axis

Lcy : 11000 mm
Lcy/ry : 357.38 [-]
Fe : 15.46 MPa AISC 360-2016 : E3-4
Fy/Fe : 15.53 [-]

Limit [1] : 135.97 [-]

Limit [2] : 2.25 [-]

Type of buckling : [b] Elastic buckling

Fcry : 13.554 MPa
: 94%
Buckling reduction

Pn : 25.753 kN
ϕPn : 23.178 kN
AISC 360-16 : L (Angle) - Section 63

400
Compression stress capacity (MPa)

350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
Length (m)
Material yield Euler Buckling x Euler Buckling y

AISC Flex. Buck line [y] AISC Flex. Buck line [x] Flex. Buck x - axis

Flex. Buck y - axis Flex Torsional - Torsional Buck

C.3 Flexural torsional buckling

ϕ : 0.9 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E1
C.2.1 Torsional and flexural torsional buckling
Lcz : 10000 mm 10 m

Fex : 4.24 Mpa AISC 360-2016 : E4-5

Fey : 15.46 Mpa AISC 360-2016 : E4-6
Fez : 853.20 Mpa AISC 360-2016 : E4-7
Equilibrium : -4.27 AISC 360-2016 : E4-4

Fe : 15.40 MPa AISC 360-2016 : E3-4

Fy/Fe : 15.581 [-]

Limit [2] : 2.25 [-] AISC 360-2016 : E3-3

Type of buckling : [b] Elastic buckling

FcrZ : 13.5 MPa
Capacity reduction
94%
due to Buckling :

Pn : 25.666 kN AISC 360-2016 : E3-1

ϕPn : 23.100 kN
AISC 360-16 : L (Angle) - Section 64

D. Flexure calculation
D.1 Yielding Geometrical Axis
ϕ : 0.9 [-]
Mnpl,x : 9.09 kN.m
Mnp,y : 9.09 kN.m

ϕMnpl,x : 8.177911439 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F10-1

ϕMnply : 8.177911439 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F10-1

D.2 Yielding Principal Axis

ϕ : 0.9 [-]
Mnpl,major principle axis : 14.59 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F10-1
Mnpl,minor principle axis : 6.52 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F10-1

ϕMnpl,x major principle axis : 13.13 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F10-1

ϕMnply minor principle axis : 5.86 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F10-1

D.2 Lateral torsional buckling in major axis

D.2.1 Major Axis in principle axis

ϕ : 0.9 [-]

Mcr : 17.48 kN.m

My/MCr 0.83 [-]

Condition : a [-]
MnLTB : 12.4176 kN.m

ϕMnLTB : 11.18 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : F2-1

AISC 360-16 : L (Angle) - Section 65

E. Shear Calculation
E.1. Major Axis
Axis x
h/tw : 10.00 [-]
Limit [b] : 34.79 [-]

ϕ : 1 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-2

kv : 1.20 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-5 Preliminray design
Cv1 : 1.00 [-]
2
Aw : 1000 mm AISC 360-2016 : G3-1
Vn : 144 kN AISC 360-2016 : G3-1

ϕVn : 144.00 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : G3-1

E.2. Minor Axis

b/(tf) : 10.00 [-]

Limit [b] : 34.79 [-]

ϕ : 1 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-2

kv : 1.20 [-] AISC 360-2016 : G2-5 Preliminray design
Cv2 : 1.00 [-]
2
Aw : 1000 mm AISC 360-2016 : G3-1
Vn : 144 kN AISC 360-2016 : G6-1

ϕVn : 144.00 kN.m AISC 360-2016 : G6-1

AISC 360-16 : L (Angle) - Section 66