Tishk International University

Faculty of Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

ACADEMIC YEAR (2019/2020)

SPRING SEMESTER

STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN (CE-420)

ASSIGNMENT

Prepared by: Bnar Abubakir

Submitted to: Dr.Dlshad K. Jaff

Submission Date: July 4, 2020

1. An L 178 x 102 x 19 with one line of 20mm diameter bolts in each leg in usual gage as
shown. Assume the connection length is 450mm. The pitch distance for the subsequent
standard size holes is 75mm. Use ASTM A572M Grade 345 steel materials and :

a. Determine the design strength of the member.

b. Specify the maximum permitted length of the member as per AISC specifications.

Solution:

Fy = 345 MPa, Fu = 450 MPa AISCM P(1-15)

Ag =4960 mm2 ry/rz = 27.7/21.9 ̅ = 25.7mm AISCM P(1-50)
a. Gross yielding design strength = 0.9AgFy = 0.9*4960*345/1000 =1540.1 KN
Net section fracture strength = 0.75AeFu = 0.75*Ae*450
Ae = UAn
An = 4960 – 2(20+2+2)*19 = 4048 mm2
̅
U = 1- 0.9

U = 1- 25.7/450 = 0.94 0.9 , Take U= 0.9

Net section fracture strength = 0.75AeFu = 0.75*Ae*Fu = 0.75*U*An*Fu
Net section fracture strength = 0.75*0.9*4048*450/1000 = 1229.6 KN
Design strength = 1229.6 KN (net section fracture governs)

b. Max. unsupported length = 300rz = 300*21.9 = 6570 mm = 6.57 m

2
2. Determine the buckling strength of column C1 shown below and check the inelastic
column buckling for a 250 MPa yield stress material. Use the sections and details shown
in the table below for the frame components. The frame is un braced in both directions
(i.e. side sway is not prevented).

Solution:

For W360 x 196 Ix = 636 x 106 mm4 IY = 229 x 106 mm4 ASCM P(1-31)

For W460 x 106 Ix = 488 x 106 mm4 ASCM P(1-27)

For W530 x 138 Ix = 861x 106 mm4 ASCM P(1-27)

For W410 x 85 Ix = 315 x 106 mm4 ASCM P(1-29)

3
 ∑
G=
∑

Gtop = = 1.76 Gbtm = = 0.996 Kx = 1.52 ASCM P(6-186)

Gtop = = 2.42 Gbtm = = 2.42 KY = 1.68 ASCM P(6-186)

Effective length for major (X) axis buckling = KxLx =1.52*4.8 = 7.296 m = 7296 mm

Effective length for minor (Y) axis buckling = KYLY =1.68*2.4 = 4.032 m = 4032 mm

Pcr-x = = = 23560 KN Governs

Pcr-y = = = 27776.9 KN

f = Pcr-x /Area = 23560*1000/25000 = 942.4 MPa

4
3. Design steel cables for a suspension highway bridge and specify the required length for
each single cable. Assume that each single cable is to carry a total tensile service load of
3000 kN. The span of the bridge supports is 150 m. Take the maximum sag of the cable
at mid span equal to 1.80 m. Both supports of the bridge are at the same level (i.e. Ø =
zero). Use Fy = 800 MPa for the steel materials.

Solution:
Ø = zero
L = 150 m
h = 1.8 m
H = 3000 KN Hu = 1.4*3000 = 4200

Tu = H Tu = 4200 [ 1+ = 4585.5 KN

Ag req. = = = 9553 mm2

dcable = = 110 mm

S= L [ 1 - ( ] S = 150 [ 1+ - ( ] =150.06 m

5
4. Select the lightest W310 section using A36M Steel for a column to support axial
compression dead and live loads of 1200kN and 2000 kN respectively. The member,
which is to be 6.0 m long and to be pinned top and bottom, has lateral support (pinned)
supplied in the weak direction at mid depth as shown.

Solution:

Fy = 250 MPa, Fu = 400 MPa AISCM P(1-15)

Kx= ky = 1 ASCM P(6-184)

Effective length for major (X) axis buckling = KxLx = 1*6 = 6 m = 6000 mm

Effective length for minor (Y) axis buckling = KYLY = 1*3 = 3 m = 3000 mm

Pu = 1.2*1200+1.6*2000 = 4640 KN

Assume Kl/r = 100, Fcr = 125.07 MPa Table (3-250) AISCM P(6-147)

Required Ag = Pu / Fcr = 4640*1000/125.07 = 37099.2 mm2

Try W310x 313 Ag = 39900 mm2

rx =150 mm ry = 83.3mm AISCM P(1- 33)

(Kl/r)x= 1*6000/150 = 40 Governs

(Kl/r)y= 1*3000/83.3 = 36.01

Fcr = 195.22 MPa Table (3-250) AISCM P(6-147)

6
Fa = Pu/Ag = 4640*1000/39900 = 116.29 MPa

Fa / Fcr = 116.29/195.22 = 0.56 0.95 smaller section will be tried

Try W310x 179 Ag = 22800 mm2

rx =140 mm ry = 79.5mm AISCM P(1- 33)

(Kl/r)x= 1*6000/140 = 42.86 Governs

(Kl/r)y= 1*3000/79.5 = 37.74

Fcr = 193.78 MPa Table (3-250) AISCM P(6-147)

Fa = Pu/Ag = 4640*1000/22800 = 203.51 MPa

Fa / Fcr = 203.51/193.78 = 1.05 Acceptable

bf/2tf 0.56 5.57 0.56 200*103/250 5.57 15.84 OK

h/tw 1.49 13.7 1.49 200*103/250 13.7 42.14 OK

7
5. A MC230x35.6 connected to a gusset plate with 24 mm diameter bolts as shown. The
steel is A572M grade 345 . If the member is subjected to dead and live load only, what is
the total service load capacity if the live-to-dead load ratio is 3 ?

Solution:

Fy = 345 MPa, Fu = 450 MPa AISCM P(1-15)

Ag =4530 mm2 ry = 25.6 ̅ = 24.8 mm tw=10.2 mm AISCM P(1-48)

Gross yielding design strength = 0.9AgFy = 0.9*4530*345/1000 =1406.57 KN

Net section fracture strength = 0.75AeFu = 0.75*Ae*450

Ae = UAn

An1 = 4530 –2 (24+2+3)*10.2 = 3938 mm2

An2 = 4530 – 3(24+2+3)*10.2+ 2(652/4*65)*10.2 = 3974 mm2

An3 = 4530 – 3(24+2+3)*10.2 = 3643 mm2 Governs

An4 = 4530 – 3(24+2+3)*10.2+ [(652/4*65)*10.2 +[(752/4*65)*10.2] = 4029 mm2

̅
U = 1- 0.9

U = 1- 24.8/140 = 0.82 0.9 , Take U= 0.87

Net section fracture strength = 0.75AeFu = 0.75*Ae*Fu = 0.75*U*An*Fu

Net section fracture strength = 0.75*0.82*3643*450/1000 = 1011.7 KN Governs

8
L/D = 3

Pu = 1.2D + 1.6(3D)

1011.7 = 1.2D + 4.8D

1011.7 = 6D

D = 168.62, L = 505.85

P = 674.47

9
6. Select the most economical W section for the beam and loading (Service loads) shown
the figure. Use A36M steel materials. The dead load do not includes the beam own
weight. The maximum permissible excessive deflection due to live load is L / 360 .The
uniform distributed loading system provides continuous lateral support to the beam upper
flange.

Solution:
Fy = 250 MPa, Fu = 400 MPa AISCM P(1-15)

Wu = 1.2*10 +1.6*25 = 52 KN/m

Mu = Wul2/ 8 = 52*7.22/8 = 336.96 KN.m

Assume compact section with lb lp

Mn = Mp = 0.9FyZ

Mu = Mn = 0.9FyZ

Z = Mu/0.9Fy = 336.96 106/0.9*250 = 1497.6 103 mm3

Try W410 x 75

Zx = 1510 103 mm3 1497.6 103 mm3

Mp = 340 KN-m Mr = 217 KN-m Lp = 2.01 m Lr = 6.45 m Bf = 27.7 KN

Wt = 0.736KN/m d = 413mm tw = 9.7mm bf = 180mm tf = 16mm

Bf/2tf =5.63 h/tw =37.2 Ix = 275 106 mm4 Iy = 15.6 106 mm4 AISCM P(1-28)

10
Mu = 336.96 +Wl2/ 8 = 336.96 +(1.4*0.736)*7.22/ 8 = 343.6 KN.m

Bf/2tf = 5.63 0.38 = 10.75 OK NO FLB

h/tw = 37.2 3.76 = 106.35 OK NO WLB

Lb = 7.2m Lr = 6.45 m there is elastic LTB

Mn = FcrSx Mp OR Mn = Mcr Mp

Mcr = Cb EIyGJ +( IyCw

For W410 x 75 J = 637 103 mm4 Cw = 615 109 mm6 AISCM P(1-158)

Take Cb = 1

Mcr = 1x 200x103*15.6x 106*637 103*77200 +

( x 15.6x 106*615 109 = 207.5 KN.m

Mp = FyZ = 250*1510 103 = 377.5 KN.m

Mcr = 207.5 KN.m Mp =377.5 KN.m

Mn = 207.5 KN.m Mu = 343.6 KN.m NOT OK Change The Section

Try W610 x 113

Zx = 3290 103 mm3 1497.6 103 mm3

Wt = 1.11KN/m Bf/2tf = 6.59 h/tw = 48.9 Iy = 34.3 106 mm4 AISCM P(1-24)

Mu = 336.96 +Wl2/ 8 = 336.96 +(1.4*1.11)*7.22/ 8 = 347 KN.m

Bf/2tf = 6.59 0.38 = 10.75 OK NO FLB

h/tw = 48.9 3.76 = 106.35 OK NO WLB

11
Lb = 7.2m Lr = 7.13 m there is elastic LTB

For W760 x 134 J = 1120 103 mm4 Cw = 2990 109 mm6 AISCM P(1-158)

Take Cb = 1

Mcr = 1x 200x103*34.3x 106*1120 103*77200 +

( x 34.3x 106*2990 109 = 511 KN.m

Mp = FyZ = 250*3290 103 = 822.5 KN.m

Mcr = 511 KN.m Mp =822.5 KN.m

Mn = 511 KN.m Mu = 347 KN.m OK

12
7. Determine the maximum tensile capacity of a L 178 x 102 x 19 angle as shown
below if bolt diameter = 24 mm. The long leg of the member is connected to a 24mm
thick guest plate. Use A572M gr.345 steel material.

Solution:

Fy = 345 MPa, Fu = 450 MPa AISCM P(1-15)

Ag =4960 mm2 AISCM P(1-50)

̅ = 25.7mm ry = 27.7 AISCM P(1-51)
g1= 100mm g2= 65mm g3= 75mm AISCM P(9-13)
Gross yielding design strength = 0.9AgFy = 0.9*4960*345/1000 =1540.1 KN
Net section fracture strength = 0.75AeFu = 0.75*Ae*450
Ae = UAn
An1 = 4960 –2 (24+2+3)*19 = 3938 mm2

An2 = An3 = 4960 – 3(24+2+3)*19 +[ (762/4*65)*19 + (762/4*(100+75-19))*19]

An2 = An3 = 3904 mm2 Govern

̅
U = 1- 0.9

̅ = 25.7 mm

U = 1- 25.7/304 = 0.92 0.9 , Take U = 0.9

Net section fracture strength = 0.75AeFu = 0.75*Ae*Fu = 0.75*U*An*Fu
Net section fracture strength = 0.75*0.9*3904*450/1000 = 1186 KN

13
Agt = 121*19 = 2299 mm2
Ant = (121- 3*29)*19 = 646 mm2
Agv = 2(304*19) = 11552 mm2
Anv = 1.5((304 - 4*29) *19=5358 mm2
Ubs = 1
Rn = 0.75(0.6 Fu Anv + UbsFuAnt)
Rn = 0.75(0.6*450*5358 + 1*450*646 )/1000
Rn = 1303 KN
Design strength = 1186 KN (net section fracture governs)

14
8. Select the most economical W310 section for the interior typical column ( AB ) which
support an axial compression total factored load of 2000 kN as shown in the figure
below. The frame is braced laterally at the y-direction while side sway is permitted in the
x – direction. Take Lx =Ly = 4.00m for the columns in all stories. All beams sections are
W460 x 260 with 6m length. Use A572M grade 345 steel material.

Solution:

Fy = 345 MPa, Fu = 450 MPa AISCM P(1-15)

ky = 1 ASCM P(6-184)

Gtop = = 1.95 Gbtm = = 1.1 Kx = 1.42 ASCM P(6-186)

Effective length for major (X) axis buckling = KxLx =1.42*4 = 5.68 m = 5680 mm

Effective length for minor (Y) axis buckling = KYLY = 1*4 = 4 m = 4000 mm

Pu = 2000 KN

Assume Kl/r = 100, Fcr = 141.1 MPa Table (E-1) AISCM P(2-23)

Required Ag = Pu / Fcr = 2000*1000/141.1 = 14174.34 mm2

Try W310x 117 Ag = 15000 mm2

rx =135 mm ry = 77.5 mm AISCM P(1- 33)

(Kl/r)x= 1.42*4000/135 = 42.1

(Kl/r)y= 1*4000/77.5 = 51.61 Governs

15
 Fcr = 241.33 MPa Table (E-1) AISCM P(2-23)

Fa = Pu/Ag = 2000*1000/15000 = 133.33 MPa

Fa / Fcr = 133.33 /241.33 = 0.55 0.95 smaller section will be tried

Try W310x 79 Ag = 10100 mm2

rx =134 mm ry = 70 mm AISCM P(1- 33)

(Kl/r)x= 1.42*4000/134 = 42.1

(Kl/r)y= 1*4000/70 = 57.14 Governs

Fcr = 231.22 MPa Table (E-1) AISCM P(2-23)

Fa = Pu/Ag = 2000*1000/10100 = 198 MPa

Fa / Fcr = 210.75/181.47 = 0.86 Acceptable

bf/2tf 0.56 8.7 0.56 200*103/345 8.7 13.5 OK

h/tw 1.49 28 1.49 200*103/345 28 35.87 OK

16
9. The beam and loading shown in figure below, is a simply supported beam
(W530x300) with a span of 10m and fully laterally supported along its entire length. The
service dead load = 15 kN/m (including the weight of the beam), and service live
load is 30 kN/m. The maximum allowable deflection is L / 360. Use A572M grade
345 steel materials and check the adequacy of the beam section for:

a. Flexural strength b. Shear strength c. Deflection control.

Solution:

Wu = 1.2*15 + 1.6*30 = 66 KN/m

Mu = Wul2/ 8 = 66*102/8 = 826 KN.m

Bf/2tf = 3.85 0.38 = 9.15 OK

h/tw = 20.5 3.76 = 90.53 OK

a. Mn = Mp = 0.9FuZ

For (W530x300) Zx = 8680 x 103 mm3

Mn = 0.9*345*8680 x103 = 2695.14 KN.m Mu = 826 KN.m

The beam is adequate for the Flexure

17
b. Vu = Wul/ 2 = 66*10/2 = 330

h/tw = 20.5 2.45 = 59

Vn = 0.6FywAw = 0.6*345*(585-2*41.4)*23.1 = 2401.37 KN Vu = 330 KN

The beam is adequate for the Shear

c. allowable = 10*1000/360 = 27.8 mm

Max = 5Wl4/384EI = 5*30*104*1012/384*200 103*2210 106 = 8.84 27.8 mm

The beam is adequate for the Deflection control

18
10. A pin‐connected tension member is of A36M steel materials with the dimensions
shown below, carries a dead load of 120 kN and live load of 30 kN in tension. The
diameter of the pin is 38 mm in a 1 mm oversize hole. Assume the pin itself is adequate.
Verify the strength and adequacy of the member by AISC specifications.

Solution:
beff = 2t + 16 = 2*16+16 = 48 55.5 ok

a = 76 *48 = 64 ok

w = 150 2*48 + 38 = 134 ok

c = 76 76 ok
The geometric properties of the member confirm the AISC specifications
For the A36M
Fy = 250 MPa, Fu = 400 MPa AISCM P(1-15)
Tu = 1.2*120 + 1.6*30 = 192 KN
Tu = 0.9FyAg For body (NA)
Tu = 0.75FuAn
An = 2*55.5*16 = 1776 mm2
Tu = 0.75*400*1776/1000 = 532.8 KN 192 KN OK
The member is adequate for the applied load

19
11.Design a column of W460 wide flange section for the member (DE) of the frame
shown below . The frame is fully braced in the perpendicular plane ( Ky = 1.00 ) while
the other plane is free to sway .. Assume the axial load on the column is 1500 kN . Use
A572M gr. 345 steel materials.

Solution:
Fy = 345 MPa, Fu = 400 MPa AISCM P(1-15)

ky = 1 ASCM P(6-184)

∑( )
G=
∑( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Gtop = = 2.65 Gbtm = = 1.41 Kx = 1.56 ASCM P(6-186)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

Effective length for major (X) axis buckling = KxLx = 1.56*4.2 = 6.552 m = 6552 mm

Effective length for minor (Y) axis buckling = KYLY = 1*4.2 = 4.2 m = 4200 mm

Pu = 1.4*1500 = 2100 KN

Assume Kl/r = 100, Fcr = 125.07 MPa Table (E-1) AISCM P(2-23)

Required Ag = Pu / Fcr = 2100*1000/125.07 = 16790.6 mm2

20
Try W460 x 144 Ag = 18400 mm2

rx =199 mm ry = 67.4 mm AISCM P(1- 27)

(Kl/r)x= 6552/199 = 32.9

(Kl/r)y= 4200/67.4 = 62.3 Governs

Fcr = 221.37 MPa Table (E-1) AISCM P(2-23)

Fa = Pu/Ag = 2100*1000/18400 = 114.13 MPa

Fa / Fcr = 114.13 /221.37 = 0.52 0.95 smaller section will be tried

Try W460 x 106 Ag = 13500 mm2

rx =190 mm ry = 43.1 mm AISCM P(1- 27)

(Kl/r)x= 6552/190 = 34.48

(Kl/r)y= 4200/43.1 = 97.4 Governs

Fcr = 147.34 MPa Table (E-1) AISCM P(2-23)

Fa = Pu/Ag = 2100*1000/13500 = 155.6 MPa

Fa / Fcr = 155.6/147.34 = 1.06 Acceptable

bf/2tf 0.56 4.71 0.56 200*103/345 4.71 13.5 OK

h/tw 1.49 32.3 1.49 200*103/345 32.3 35.87 OK

21
12. The beam and loading shown in figure below, is a simply supported beam with a span
of 7.2 m and fully laterally supported along its entire length. The service dead load =
10 kN/m (including the weight of the beam), and service live load is 20 kN/m. The
maximum allowable deflection is L / 240. Use A36M steel materials . Design the
beam and check the adequacy of the selected section for:

a. Flexural strength b. Shear strength c. Deflection control.

Solution:

Fy = 250 MPa, Fu = 400 MPa AISCM P(1-15)

Wu = 1.2*10 +1.6*20 = 44 KN/m

Mu = Wul2/ 8 = 44*7.22/8 = 285.12 KN.m

Assume compact section with lb lp

Mn = Mp = 0.9FyZ

Mu = Mn = 0.9FyZ

Z = Mu/0.9Fy = 285.12 106/0.9*250 = 1267.2 103 mm3

Try W410 x 75

Zx = 1510 103 mm3 1497.6 103 mm3

Mp = 340 KN-m Mr = 217 KN-m Lp = 2.01 m Lr = 6.45 m Bf = 27.7 KN

Wt = 0.736KN/m d = 413mm tw = 9.7mm bf = 180mm tf = 16mm

Bf/2tf =5.63 h/tw =37.2 Ix = 275 106 mm4 Iy = 15.6 106 mm4 AISCM P(1-28)

22
Bf/2tf = 5.63 0.38 = 10.75 OK NO FLB

h/tw = 37.2 3.76 = 106.35 OK NO WLB

Lb = 7.2m Lr = 6.45 m there is elastic LTB

Mn = FcrSx Mp OR Mn = Mcr Mp

Mcr = Cb EIyGJ +( IyCw

For W410 x 75 J = 637 103 mm4 Cw = 615 109 mm6 AISCM P(1-158)

Take Cb = 1

Mcr = 1x 200x103*15.6x 106*637 103*77200 +

( x 15.6x 106*615 109 = 207.5 KN.m

Mp = FyZ = 250*1510 103 = 377.5 KN.m

Mcr = 207.5 KN.m Mp =377.5 KN.m

Mn = 207.5 KN.m Mu = 285.12 KN.m NOT OK Change The Section

Try W530 x 66

Zx = 1560 103 mm3 1497.6 103 mm3

Bf/2tf = 7.24 h/tw = 53.6 Iy = 8.57 106 mm4 AISCM P(1-24)

Bf/2tf = 7.24 0.38 = 10.75 OK NO FLB

h/tw = 53.6 3.76 = 106.35 OK NO WLB

Lb = 7.2m Lr = 4.69 m there is elastic LTB

For W530 x 66 J = 320 103 mm4 Cw = 565 109 mm6 AISCM P(1-158)

23
Take Cb = 1

Mcr = 1x 200x103*8.57x 106*320 103*77200 +

( x 8.57x 106*565 109 = 317.8 KN.m

Mp = FyZ = 250*1560 103 = 390 KN.m

Mcr = 317.8 KN.m Mp =390 KN.m

Mn = 317.8 KN.m Mu = 285.12 KN.m OK

a. Mn = Mp = 0.9FuZ

For (W530x66) Zx = 1560 x 103 mm3

Mn = 0.9*250*1560 x103 = 351 KN.m Mu = 285.12 KN.m

The beam is adequate for the Flexure

b. Vu = Wul/ 2 = 285.12*7.2/2 = 256.6

h/tw = 53.6 = 69.3

Vn = 0.6FywAw = 0.6*250*(525-2*11.4)*8.9 = 670.4 KN Vu = 256.6 KN

The beam is adequate for the Shear

c. allowable = 7.2*1000/240 = 30 mm

Max = 5Wl4/384EI = 5*20*7.44*1012/384*200 103*351 106 = 11.1 30 mm

The beam is adequate for the Deflection control

24
13. The tension member shown below is a C 310 x 30.8 of A572M gr 345 steel
materials. Will it safely support a service dead load of 265 kN and a service live load of
555 kN .

Solution:

Fy = 345 MPa, Fu = 450 MPa AISCM P(1-15)

Ag =3920 mm2 ry = 20 ̅ = 17.4 mm tw=7.2 mm AISCM P(1-44/45)

PU = LD+LL = 1.2*265 + 1.6*555 = 1206 KN

Gross yielding design strength = 0.9AgFy = 0.9*3920*345/1000 =1217.16 KN

Ae = UAn

An1 = 3920 –3 (22+2+2)*7.2 = 3358.4 mm2 Governs

An2 = 3920 – 3(22+2+2)*7.2+ (102.52/4*65)*7.2 = 3649.3 mm2

An2 = 3920 – 3(22+2+2)*7.2+ 2(102.52/4*65)*7.2 = 3940.3mm2

̅
U = 1- 0.9

U = 1- 17.4/245 = 0.93 0.9 , Take U= 0.9

Net section fracture strength = 0.75AeFu = 0.75*Ae*Fu = 0.75*U*An*Fu

Net section fracture strength = 0.75*0.9*3358.4*450/1000 = 1196.86 KN Governs

Net section fracture strength =1196. 86 KN PU =1206 KN

( IT WILL NOT SERVICE SAFELY)

25