EXPT. NO.

3 DATE:

To study temperature distribution

along the length of fin pin

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL
ENGINEERING

Name : Swapnil srivastava

Division :SY CH-A
GR No. :11810084
AIM:
To study temperature distribution along the length of fin pin.

APPARATUS/INSTRUMENTATION:
Ammeter, voltmeter, dimmer stat, thermocouples, digital temperature indicator, etc.

INTRODUCTION:
Extended surfaces or fins are used to increase the heat transfer rate from a bare surface to a
surrounding fluid. The fins are used wherever it is not possible to increase the value of
surface heat transfer coefficient or the temperature difference between the bare surface and
the surrounding fluid. Generally thin fins are used as compared to thick fins as it increases the
surface area to increase the heat transfer rate. The fins are of different types: Rectangular fin,
pin fin, circumferential fin, etc. The temperature difference with the surrounding fluid will
steadily diminish as one moves out along the fin.The design of the fin therefore requires
knowledge of temperature distribution in the fin. The main objective of this experimental
setup is to study the temperature distribution in a simple pin fin.

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS:
A. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP:
An aluminium fin of certain cross-section is fitted along a long rectangular duct. The
other end of the duct is connected to the suction side of a blower and the air flows past
the fin perpendicular to its axis. One end of the fin projects outside the duct and is
heated by the heater. Temperature at six points along the length of the fin is measured
by chromed aludel thermocouples connected along the length of the fin. An orifice
meter fitted on the delivery side of the blower measure the air flow rate.

Fig3.1. Experimental setup for Fin-Pin

 B. THEORY:
Consider a fin connected at its base to a heated wall and transferring heat to the
surroundings.
Assumptions:
1. Steady state condition
2. One dimensional heat transfer
3. Isotropic material
4. Uniform base temperature
5. Constant heat transfer coefficient

PROCEDURE:
1. Switch ON the main switch. Ensure the blower and heater are off initially.
2. Switch ON heater supply. Adjust the current supply to the heater with the help of
dimmer stat. Switch ON the blower for forced convection and not for free convection.
3. Wait of steady state to be attained.
4. Note the temperatures required by the thermocouples located on the surface of fin.
5. Note down the ambient temperature.
6. Note the current and voltage supply to the heating element.
7. Note down the u-tube manometer reading in forced convection.
8. Note down readings at different heat input settings.
9. After completion of experiment switch off the heater, blower and then the mains.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICTIONS:
1. Duct size = 380*380 mm
2. Diameter and length of fin = 12 mm and 200 mm
3. Coefficient of discharge =
4. Centrifugal blower 1 H.P. = 1 phase motor
5. No. of thermocouples of fin = 6
6. Thermocouple 7 reads ambient temperature at the side of the duct.
7. Diameter of orifice = 31 mm
OBSERVATION TABLE:

Natural Convection
Sr. Thermocouple Readings Heater input
No.
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 V I
1. 180 168 158 148 145 141 31 67 0.40
2. 181 168 159 149 145 142 31 67 0.40
3. 181 168 159 149 145 142 31 67 0.40
4. 181 169 159 149 145 142 31 67 0.40
5. 181 169 159 149 145 142 31 67 0.40
6. 181 169 159 149 146 142 31 67 0.40
7. 182 169 159 149 146 142 31 67 0.40
8. 182 169 159 150 146 143 31 67 0.40
9. 182 169 160 150 146 143 31 67 0.40
10. 182 170 160 150 146 143 31 67 0.40
11. 183 170 160 150 146 143 31 67 0.40
12. 183 170 160 150 147 143 31 67 0.40
13. 183 170 160 150 147 143 31 67 0.40
14. 182 169 160 150 146 143 31 67 0.40
15. 184 170 160 150 147 143 31 67 0.40
16. 184 170 160 150 147 143 31 67 0.40
17. 184 170 160 150 147 143 31 67 0.40
18. 184 170 160 151 147 143 31 67 0.40
19. 185 170 160 151 147 144 31 67 0.40
20. 185 170 161 151 147 144 31 67 0.40
21. 185 170 161 151 147 143 31 67 0.40
22. 185 170 161 151 147 143 31 67 0.40
23. 185 171 161 151 147 143 31 67 0.40
24. 185 171 161 151 147 144 31 67 0.40
Forced H=8 179 149 138 127 122 118 28 67 0.40
Convection cm
H= 176 139 126 115 109 106 28 67 0.40
19 cm

CALCULATIONS:

For Natural Convection:

Nu = 1.1 (Gr.Pr)1/6 (10-1< Gr.Pr < 104)
Nu = 0.53 (Gr.Pr)1/4 (104< Gr.Pr < 109)
Nu = 0.13 (Gr.Pr)1/3 (109< Gr.Pr < 1012)
For Forced Convection:
Nu = 0.615 (Re)0.466 when 40 < Re < 4000
Nu = 0.174 (Re)0.618 when 4000 < Re < 40000

Natural Convection
Average surface temperature
T 1 +T 2+ T 3 +T 4 +T 5+ T 6
T s=
6
185+ 170+160+151+147+144
¿
6
= 159.5 °C
= 432.5 K

Mean Film Temperature

T s+ T f
T m=
2
159.5+31
¿
2
= 95.25 °C
= 368.25 K

Coefficient of volumetric expansion

1
β=
Tm

1
¿
368.25
= 0.00271554 K-1

Grashoff’s Number,

βg D 3 (T s−T f )
Gr=
ϑ2

0.00271554 × 9.81×(0.012)3 ×(432−304)

¿
(2.3× 10−5 )2
 = 11138.41122
where, g = Acceleration due to gravity
ϑ = Kinematic viscosity

Rayleigh’s Number,
Ra = Gr * Pr
= 11138.41122x 0.693
= 7718.918973
Where Pr = Prandtl’s Number
= 0.693

Nusselt Number

Nu=0.1(Gr . Pr )1/3

¿ 0.1(11138.41122 ×0.693)1/ 3
= 1.97629677

Nu . K
h=
d

1.97629× 3.12×10−2
¿
0.012
= 5.138354 W/m2 K
where, K = 3.12 x 10-2 W/mK
d = 0.012 m

Forced Convection
H = 19 cm
Do = diameter of orifice
= 0.052 m
β = 0.49
Ao C d √ 2 gH
Q=
√1−β 4
 π ×(0.006)2 × 0.64 × √2 ×9.81 ×0.19
¿
√ 1−(0.49)4
= 2.7033126 x 10-3 m3/s

Q
v air =
AD

2.7033126× 10−3
¿ 2
π ×(0.098)
= 0.089597 m/s

T 1 +T 2+ T 3 +T 4 +T 5+ T 6
T s=
6
176+139+126+115+ 109+106
¿
6
= 128.5 ⁰C
= 401.65 K

Reynold’s Number
D . v air
ℜ=
ϑ
0.196 ×0.089597
¿
2.056 ×10−5
= 854.1363

Prandlt Number Pr = 0.697

Nusselt Number

Nu=0.023 ℜ0.8 Pr 0.4

¿ 0.023 ×(854.1363)0.8 ×(0.697)0.4

= 4.408011
 Nu . K
h=
d

4.408011 ×3.003 ×10−2

¿
0.196
= 11.03104 W/m2 K

RESULT TABLE:

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7
Natural Calculate
Convectio d
n Actual
Forced Calculate
Convectio d
n Actual