1 Matter

1 MATTER AND ITS
PROPERTIES
1.1 Particulate Nature of Matter

1.2 States and Properties of Matter
1.3 Classification of Matter
1.4 Separation Techniques
MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES
After this lesson, you should be able to:
 Recognize that substances are made up of smaller

particles.
 Describe the arrangement of particles and relative
spacing in each of the states of matter.
 Distinguish between physical and chemical properties.
 Distinguish between extensive and intensive properties
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© Oxford Publishing (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. (1175094-D), 2018 1– 3
MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES

What is Matter?
A. Occupies space and has time
B. Occupies space and has mass
C. Occupies space and weight
D. It has a mass and volume

What is Matter?
A. Occupies space and has time
B. Occupies space and has mass
C. Occupies space and weight
D. It has a mass and volume

1.1 Particulate Nature of
Matter
 It is composed of tiny particles called atoms

MATTER AND ITSGas
PROPERTIES
Solid Liquid
1.2 Arrangement of Particles in
Solid, Liquid and Gas

Property Solid Liquid Gas
Shape
Volume
Compressibility

Property Arrangement
Solid ofLiquid
Particles in
Gas
Solid, Liquid and Gas
Arrangement of
particles
Movement of
particles

Physical
Properties
Chemical
Properties
Physical Properties
 Properties that can be observed or measured without
changing the composition of the substances.
 Examples:
 Color
 Taste
 Hardness
 Odor
 Density
 Solubility
 Boiling point
 Melting point
 Mass All Rights Reserved
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 Volume
Chemical Properties
 Properties that can be
observed or measured by
changing the chemical
nature of the substances.
 Examples include heat of

combustion, flammability
and chemical stability.

Extensive
Properties
Intensive
Properties
Extensive Properties
 Properties that depend on the amount of
matter being measured
 Mass, volume, size, weight, length, height

Intensive Properties
 Properties that do not depend on the
amount of matter being measured.
 Color, Odor, Taste, density, MP, BP,

FP.

Physical/ Chemical
Shattered glass
Bubbles formed
(vinegar + baking
soda)
Eruption of volcano
Melted ice
Physical/ Chemical
Shattered glass Physical
Bubbles formed
(vinegar + baking
soda)
Eruption of volcano
Melted ice
Physical/ Chemical
Bubbles formed Chemical

(vinegar + baking
soda)
Eruption of volcano
Melted ice
Physical/ Chemical

(vinegar + baking
soda)
Eruption of volcano Chemical
Melted ice
Physical/ Chemical

(vinegar + baking
soda)
Eruption of volcano Chemical
Melted ice Physical

Extensive /Intensive
Odor of a perfume
Length of time to
boil the water
Eruption of volcano
Melted ice

1.3 Classification of Matter
After this lesson, you should be able to

 Differentiate a pure substance from a mixture.
 Differentiate between elements and compounds.
 Differentiate a homogeneous mixture from a
heterogeneous mixture.
 Recognize the formulas of common chemical
substances.

Pure Substances and Mixtures
MATTER
Pure substances Mixture
Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Element Compound
mixture mixture

Try these out!
INSTRUCTIONS: Determine which of the following is a pure substance

and which is a mixture.
1. Tungsten
2. Sugar in water solution
3. Air in the atmosphere
4. H2O
5. Calcium
6. Beach sand
7. Orange juice All Rights Reserved
Elements and Compounds
Elements Compounds
Consist of only one Consists of two or more

kind of atom combined elements
Cannot be broken Can be broken into
down into simpler simpler substances
substances
Can exist as either Has different properties
atoms or molecules from the elements that
© Oxford Publishing (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. (1175094-D),comprises
2018 them 1– 27
Elements and Compounds
Elements Compounds
Consist of only one Consists of two or more

kind of atom combined elements
Cannot be broken Can be broken into
down into simpler simpler substances
substances
Can exist as either Has different properties
atoms or molecules from the elements that
© Oxford Publishing (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. (1175094-D),comprises
2018 them 1– 28
Homogeneous and Heterogenous
Mixtures
Homogeneous Heterogeneous
mixture mixture
Has a uniform appearance Does not have a uniform

and composition composition
throughout
No visible boundaries of Can be physically
separation separated
Salt and water, sugar and Fruit salad, sugar

water and sand
1.4 Separation Techniques
After this lesson, you should be able to

 Describe separation techniques for mixtures and
compounds.
 Compare consumer products on the basis of their
components for use, safety, quality and cost.
 Apply simple separation techniques for mixtures.
 Identify and separate substances using their properties.

1. Distillation
This separation technique purifies a liquid mixture by using

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the boiling points of its substances
Distillation
 The process includes boiling a liquid and then collecting the

vapor as it cools and condenses back into liquid form.
 Different compounds have different boiling points, so in a
liquid mixture, the compounds with lower boiling points
evaporate first

1. Distillation

2. Decantation
This separation technique separates an undissolved

solid from
SHS General a liquid.
Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved
Decantation
 It is a process in which allowing a mixture

of solid and liquid or two immiscible liquids to settle and
separate by gravity.
 It relies on gravity to pull precipitate out of solution, so there
is always some loss of product, either from precipitate not
fully falling out of solution or from liquid remaining when
separating it from the solid portion
 Another method is to allow two immiscible liquids to separate
and the lighter liquid is poured or siphoned off.

2. Decantation

3. Evaporation
This separation technique separates a mixture by allowing

the liquid to evaporate and the solid particles will remain in
the
SHS evaporating
General Chemistry 1dish. All Rights Reserved
Evaporation
 It occurs on the surface of a liquid, not

throughout the whole body or volume.
 When evaporation occurs, the pressure of
the vapor is lower than the pressure of the
surrounding atmosphere.

4. Chromatography
This separation technique involves separating the

components of a mixture by passing the mixture Allthrough
a
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(Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. (1175094-D), 2018 1– 40
4. Chromatography

4. Chromatography
Sample Problem 1
What is the Rf value if the distance travelled by

the solute is 4.85 cm and the distance travelled
by the solvent is 12.57 cm?

5. Filtration
This technique separates

an undissolved solid from a
liquid using filter paper

5. Filtration

6. Sublimation
This separation
technique is
applicable for
separating
a liquid mixture.

6. Sublimation

7. Crystallization

7. Crystallization

8. Electrolysis
This technique is used to separate compounds like

SHS General Chemistry 1 water.
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8. Electrolysis

9. Magnet
It is used to separate a mixture of a metal in a mixture.

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10. Separatory funnel
It is used to separate two immiscible liquids.All Rights Reserved


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1 MATTER AND ITS

1.1 Particulate Nature of Matter

After this lesson, you should be able to:

 Recognize that substances are made up of smaller

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

 It is composed of tiny particles called atoms

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

 Examples include heat of

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

 Mass, volume, size, weight, length, height

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

 Color, Odor, Taste, density, MP, BP,

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

Bubbles formed Chemical

Bubbles formed Chemical

Bubbles formed Chemical

Melted ice Physical

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

After this lesson, you should be able to

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

Pure substances Mixture

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

INSTRUCTIONS: Determine which of the following is a pure substance

Consist of only one Consists of two or more

Consist of only one Consists of two or more

Has a uniform appearance Does not have a uniform

Salt and water, sugar and Fruit salad, sugar

After this lesson, you should be able to

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

This separation technique purifies a liquid mixture by using

 The process includes boiling a liquid and then collecting the

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

This separation technique separates an undissolved

 It is a process in which allowing a mixture

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

This separation technique separates a mixture by allowing

 It occurs on the surface of a liquid, not

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

This separation technique involves separating the

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

What is the Rf value if the distance travelled by

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

This technique separates

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

This technique is used to separate compounds like

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

It is used to separate a mixture of a metal in a mixture.

It is used to separate two immiscible liquids.All Rights Reserved

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