INSAT SATELLITE BASED DATA

COLLECTION & TRACKING SYSTEM FOR

OCEAN DATA BUOYS
S. N. Satashia, Prem Kumar, M. Jeyamani &
Tata Sudhakar
Space Application Centre Ahmedabad & NIOT Chennai

th
BY

Tata Sudhakar
National Institute of Ocean Technology,
Chennai
 INSAT BASED DATA
COLLECTION SYSTEM

• The system uses Data Relay Transponder(DRT) of the

Satellites
• The satellite receives transmission from data buoy in
UHF band(402MHz) and retransmits to ground station
in C band(4.5GHz).
• There are two satellites having DRT transponders
INSAT 3A at location 93.5E and METSAT
(KALPANA) satellite at location 74E.
INSAT DRT coverage
FEATURES OF THE INSAT SATELLITES
INSAT 3A
C band Transponder :12
Ext C band Transponder :6
Ku band Transponder :6
DRT&SAS&R Transponders :1
Met Transmitter(VHRR&CCD) :1
METSAT(KALPANA)
DRT & SAS&R Transponder :1
Met Transmitter(VHRR) :1
 PRESENT DCP

• India Meteorological Department

• Central Water Commission
• Snow& Avalanche Establishment
• NIOT
• State Agencies
 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
TRANSMITTER (DCP)

• Transmit power 10W (Typ.)

• Transmit at 4.8Kbps in random mode in allotted
time window.
• Uses Directional antenna of gain 11dB (Typ.)
• Uses 3.8m Ground Receive station (Hub)
 DRT TRANSPONDER CHARACTERISTICS

Rx. Frequency Range : 402.75Mhz. 100KHz.

Rx. G/T : - 19.0dB/ K
Receive Polarization : Circular(RHCP for METSAT
&LHCP for INSAT 3A)
Down link frequency : 4505 MHz (Nominal)
Transmit Polarization : Linear
EIRP (EOC) :18dBW
 Satellite Link Design for Data Buoys
• The Transmit power from the data buoy is 10W.
• The transmit data rate is 300bps.
• Forward Error Correction Coding (convolution
Coding) for the satellite channel is employed.
•Packet Error rate Probability(PEP)is kept as 0.01.
•Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA)
transmission protocol employed with time
synchronized to GPS received time.
 Satellite Link calculation
 
UP LINK:

Up link frequency : 402.710MHz.  

Tx power : 10dBW
Antenna gain (including cable loss) : -3dBi
Tx. EIRP : 7dBW
Max. Slant range to satellite (at 5 deg. Ele) : 41130 Km
Uplink path loss : 177 dB
Satellite G/T : -19dB/K
: EIRP - path loss + G/T+K
Uplink C/No : 39.6dBHz
 
DOWN LINK:
 
Down link freq. : 4505Mhz
Down link path loss : 197.0dB
Satellite EIRP : -1dBW
Down link path loss : 197.0db
G/T of earth station (3m) : 17dB/K
Down link C/No : EIRP - Path loss+ G/T+k
: 47.6dBHz
Total C/No : 39.5dBHz
Required C/No : 34dBHz
Link Margin : 5.5dB
 INSAT

UHF(402MHz
) C-BAND(4.5GHz)

Data from 3.8m

Sensors
Data UHF
Acquisition TRANSMITTER
LNA BURST To data
(CPU) (10W)
RF DEMOD processing
D/C (BPSK) system of
GPS NIOT
70MHz IF 300b/s

DATA COLLECTION FROM DATA BUOY

THROUGH INSAT
 402MHz

Data from Message BPSK Power

CPU Generator Modulator Amplifier
(10W)

300bbps
4.8Kbaud (1/2 rate)
Frequency
Synthesizer
(UHF)

Block Schematics of INSAT UHF

Transmitter
 BURST FORMAT OF TRANSMISSION
         
F MID IINFORMATION  CRC F
(8) (16) (320) (16) (8)

DATA FORMAT
CR BTR UW  
 
 

256 64 64 UP TO 752 SYMBOLS

1.68Sec
sec
CR Carrier Recovery
BTR Bit Timing Recovery
UW Unique Word

  SCRAMBLED AND ½ RATE CODED

 Specification of Receive station(HUB)

 
Receive frequency :4505MHz
G/T of Receive station (3.8m) : 22dB/K
IF Input to BPSK demodulator :70MHz (nominal)
Output data rate & level : 300b/s, RS 232
Output data frame format (Demod) : HDLC
Input to data processing unit :4800baud
TEST RESULT OF SATELLITE LOOP

TX power C/No Packets % PEP

  (dBHz) Rx / Tx

1W 32.3 80/100 0.2

 
1.25W 33.3 90/100 0.1
 
1.5W 34.3 96/100,
95/100, 0.04
96/100
2.5W 36.3 98/100 0.02
 
9W 41.8 98/100 0.02
 
1. THE EXPERIMENT RESULTS SHOW THAT
INSAT SUPPORTS DATA BUOY
COMMUNICATION WITH ADEQUATE
MARGIN

2. OCCASIONAL LOSS OF DATA DUE TO

INTERFERENCE FROM OTHER GROUND
SYSTEM IS TAKEN CARE OF BY
DIFFERENTIAL CODING and REPEAT
TRANSMISSION.
INSAT Transmitter and Antenna for data
buoys
 DATA BUOYS WITH INSAT COMMUNICATION

INDIA
Pipvav

Off Paradip
Mumbai

Bay of Bengal
Arabian Sea

Machillipatnam
Goa
DS1

Mangalore
NIOT
Chennai SW6
DS3

Tuticorin

Data Buoy with Insat communication

Buoy with Insat Position reporting system

 NIOT Hub and INSAT DRT capacity

A hub station has been commissioned at NIOT in association with

SAC Ahmedabad to establish the INSAT link for buoy
communication.

Successfully carried out the preliminary tests

INSAT (METSAT & INSAT 3A) can handle communication up to

1200 platform/ hour/carrier.
TRACKING SYSTEM
 MSS Terminal Specification
Information Rate 300 BPS
Format HDLC
Message Length 40 Characters (Max)
Error Protection 16 bit CRC
Error correction 600 BPS
rate
Modulation BPSK, bust
External Data RS-232 Interface (GPS,NMEA - 0183D)
Transmission 3 Packets/message randomized – Aloha mode.
1 Packet / Message - TDMA mode
Transmission time 4 sec (Max) / Message
Frequency band 2677.56 to 2678.56 MHz
Freq. Uncertainty ± 2.7 KHz Max.
Antenna Coverage ± 45°
Tx EiRp 9 dBW (min.)
Power Supply Li - Ion -12 V DC, 600 mAh, Rechargeable Battery
Temperature 0 to + 50° C
MSS - TRANSMITTER

Buoy fitted
with MSS
transmitter is
ready for
deployment.
 Block Schematics of Alert Transmitter

 
 
  
  GPS Message BPSK Power
 
 
Receiver Generator Modulator Amplifier
 
 

Emergency Frequency Battery

Switch Synthesizer
Thank you