Credibility

Credibility comprises the objective and subjective components of the believability of a source
or message. Credibility has two key components: trustworthiness and expertise. Trustworthiness
is based more on subjective factors, but can include objective measurements such as established
reliability. Expertise can be similarly subjectively perceived, but also includes relatively
objective characteristics of the source or message (e.g., credentials, certification or information
quality).Secondary components of credibility include source dynamism (charisma) and physical
attractiveness.

According to the Society of Professional Journalists code of ethics, professional integrity is the
cornerstone of a journalist's credibility. A journalist's number one obligation is to be honest.

Quotations

A quote is the written form of the words which people have spoken. Occasionally it will also
apply to words they have been written down, perhaps in a book or a press release. In print
journalism, quotes are shown surrounded by quotation marks, either single (‘) or double (").
These are sometimes called inverted commas. The alternative to using a quote is to rewrite the
sentence into what we call reported speech.

Why use quotes?

There are three main reasons why you should use quotes in print journalism:

 If you repeat the exact words which people themselves used, you will reduce the risk of
misreporting what they say.
 When we give a person's exact words, our readers can see both the ideas and the way
they were presented
 People often use lively language when they speak. Quotes allow you to put that lively
language directly into your story.

Remember too that, as a journalist, you are simply the channel through which people with
something to say speak to people who want to know what they said. The best way of keeping
the channel clear is to let people tell things in their own way. One of the golden rules of
journalism is: Let people speak for themselves. Use quotes. In print we hear people's voices
through quotes, in broadcasting the voices are heard in the form of audio or actuality.

Byline

The byline on a newspaper or magazine article gives the name of the writer of the article.
Bylines are commonly placed between the headline and the text of the article, although some
magazines place bylines at the bottom of the page to leave more room for graphical elements
around the headline.
The dictionary defines a byline as "a printed line of text accompanying a news story, article, or
the like, giving the author's name."

Credit line-

The line that acknowledges the source of a news report, photograph, chart, or graphics is called
the credit line.

A news report may be credited to PTI (Press Trust of India), AP (Associated Press) or ANI
depending on which news service has moved the story.

The moment you see the credit line you know the source of the news report. The newspapers
too are able to differentiate between news reports filed by their reporters and agency reporters.

Besides giving credit to the rightful source, the credit line also gives newspapers a fig leaf in
case a question is raised about the veracity of the report. The newspapers can always attribute
the blame to the wire service that fed the report. This way, the credibility of the newspapers
stays intact.

News Embargo-

In journalism, a news embargo or press embargo is a request or requirement by a source that

the information or news provided by that source may not be published until a certain date or
certain conditions have been met.

The media is given advance knowledge of details being held secret so that reports can be
prepared to coincide with the announcement date and yet still meet press time. In theory, press
embargoes reduce inaccuracy in the reporting of breaking stories by reducing the incentive for
journalists to cut corners by writing up information quickly in hopes of "scooping" the
competition.

The understanding is that if the embargo is broken by reporting before then, the source will
retaliate by restricting access to further information by that journalist or their publication, giving
them a long-term disadvantage relative to more cooperative outlets. Embargoes are usually
arranged in advance as "gentlemen's agreements." However, sometimes publicists will send
embargoed press releases to newsrooms unsolicited in hopes that they will respect the embargo
date without having first agreed to do so—the phrase "For Immediate Release" often found at
the top of press releases indicates that the information in the release is not embargoed.

News organizations sometimes break embargoes and report information before the embargo
expires, either accidentally (due to miscommunication in the newsroom) or intentionally (to get
the jump on their competitors). Breaking an embargo is typically considered a serious breach of
trust and can result in the source barring the offending news outlet from receiving advance
information for a long period of time.
News embargoes are one of several ways a source can influence media presentation of the
information they provide; others include providing information "on background" or "not for
attribution," limiting or providing "access," or even direct government or market intervention
against the reporters or media company. The manner in which journalists react to these and
other attempts to influence coverage are a matter of journalistic ethics.