FATIMA IBRAHIM MOHAMMED

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BU/17C/BS/2720
PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT i

EXAMINATION

QUESTION TWO: i

CLASSIFICATION OF PERSONALITY TESTS

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Personality itests iare itechniques idesigned ito imeasure ione’s ipersonality. iThey iare iused ito
i diagnose ipsychological iproblems ias iwell ias ito iscreen icandidates ifor icollege iand iemployment.
i There iare itwo itypes iof ipersonality itests: iself-report iinventories iand iprojective itests.

Self-Report iInventories

Self-report iinventories iare ia ikind iof iobjective itest iused ito iassess ipersonality. iThey itypically iuse
i multiple-choice iitems ior inumbered iscales, iwhich irepresent ia irange ifrom i1 i(strongly idisagree) ito
i 5 i(strongly iagree).

An iexample iand ione iof ithe imost iwidely iused ipersonality iinventories iis ithe iMinnesota
i Multiphasic iPersonality iInventory i(MMPI), ifirst ipublished iin i1943, iwith i504 itrue/false iquestions,
i and iupdated ito ithe iMMPI-2 iin i1989, iwith i567 iquestions. iThe ioriginal iMMPI iwas ibased ion ia
i small, ilimited isample, icomposed imostly iof iMinnesota ifarmers iand ipsychiatric ipatients; ithe
i revised iinventory iwas ibased ion ia imore irepresentative, inational isample ito iallow ifor ibetter
i standardization. iThe iMMPI-2 itakes i1–2 ihours ito icomplete. iResponses iare iscored ito iproduce ia
i clinical iprofile icomposed iof i10 iscales: ihypochondriasis, idepression, ihysteria, ipsychopathic
i deviance, imasculinity iversus ifemininity, iparanoia, iobsessive/compulsive iqualities,
i schizophrenia, ihypomania, iand isocial iintroversion. iThere iis ialso ia iscale ito iascertain irisk ifactors
i for ialcohol iabuse. iIn i2008, ithe itest iwas iagain irevised, iusing imore iadvanced imethods, ito ithe
i MMPI-2-RF. iThis iversion itakes iabout ione-half ithe itime ito icomplete iand ihas ionly i338 iquestions.
i Despite ithe inew itest’s iadvantages, ithe iMMPI-2 iis imore iestablished iand iis istill imore iwidely iused.
i Typically, ithe itests iare iadministered iby icomputer. iAlthough ithe iMMPI iwas ioriginally ideveloped
i to iassist iin ithe iclinical idiagnosis iof ipsychological idisorders, iit iis inow ialso iused ifor ioccupational
i screening, isuch ias iin ilaw ienforcement, iand iin icollege, icareer, iand imarital icounseling

Projective iTests

Another imethod ifor iassessment iof ipersonality iis iprojective itesting. iThis ikind iof itest irelies ion ione
i of ithe idefense imechanisms iproposed iby iFreud iprojection ias ia iway ito iassess iunconscious
i processes. iDuring ithis itype iof itesting, ia iseries iof iambiguous icards iis ishown ito ithe iperson ibeing
i tested, iwho ithen iis iencouraged ito iproject ihis ifeelings, iimpulses, iand idesires ionto ithe icards iby
i telling ia istory, iinterpreting ian iimage, ior icompleting ia isentence. iMany iprojective itests ihave
i undergone istandardization iprocedures iand ican ibe iused ito iaccess iwhether isomeone ihas iunusual
i thoughts ior ia ihigh ilevel iof ianxiety, ior iis ilikely ito ibecome ivolatile. iSome iexamples iof iprojective
i tests iare ithe iRorschach iInkblot iTest, ithe iThematic iApperception iTest i(TAT), ithe iContemporized-
Themes iConcerning iBlacks itest, ithe iTEMAS i(Tell-Me-A-Story), iand ithe iRotter iIncomplete
i Sentence iBlank i(RISB).

The iRorschach iInkblot iTest iwas ideveloped iin i1921 iby ia iSwiss ipsychologist inamed iHermann
i Rorschach i(pronounced i“ROAR-shock”). iIt iis ia iseries iof isymmetrical iinkblot icards ithat iare
i presented ito ia iclient iby ia ipsychologist. iUpon ipresentation iof ieach icard, ithe ipsychologist iasks
i the iclient, i“What imight ithis ibe?” iWhat ithe itest-taker isees ireveals iunconscious ifeelings iand
i struggles. iThe iRorschach ihas ibeen istandardized iusing ithe iExner isystem iand iis ieffective iin
i measuring idepression, ipsychosis, iand ianxiety.

A isecond iprojective itest iis ithe iThematic iApperception iTest i(TAT), icreated iin ithe i1930s iby iHenry
i Murray, ian iAmerican ipsychologist, iand ia ipsychoanalyst inamed iChristiana iMorgan. iA iperson
i taking ithe iTAT iis ishown i8–12 iambiguous ipictures iand iis iasked ito itell ia istory iabout ieach ipicture.
i The istories igive iinsight iinto itheir isocial iworld, irevealing ihopes, ifears, iinterests, iand igoals. iThe
i storytelling iformat ihelps ito ilower ia iperson’s iresistance idivulging iunconscious ipersonal idetails.
i The iTAT ihas ibeen iused iin iclinical isettings ito ievaluate ipsychological idisorders; imore irecently, iit
i has ibeen iused iin icounseling isettings ito ihelp iclients igain ia ibetter iunderstanding iof ithemselves
i and iachieve ipersonal igrowth. iStandardization iof itest iadministration iis ivirtually inonexistent
i among iclinicians, iand ithe itest itends ito ibe imodest ito ilow ion ivalidity iand ireliability. iDespite ithese
i shortcomings, ithe iTAT ihas ibeen ione iof ithe imost iwidely iused iprojective itests.

A ithird iprojective itest iis ithe iRotter iIncomplete iSentence iBlank i(RISB) ideveloped iby iJulian iRotter
i in i1950 i(recall ihis itheory iof ilocus iof icontrol, icovered iearlier iin ithis ichapter). iThere iare ithree
i forms iof ithis itest ifor iuse iwith idifferent iage igroups: ithe ischool iform, ithe icollege iform, iand ithe
i adult iform. iThe itests iinclude i40 iincomplete isentences ithat ipeople iare iasked ito icomplete ias
i quickly ias ipossible. iThe iaverage itime ifor icompleting ithe itest iis iapproximately i20 iminutes, ias
i responses iare ionly i1–2 iwords iin ilength. iThis itest iis isimilar ito ia iword iassociation itest, iand ilike
i other itypes iof iprojective itests, iit iis ipresumed ithat iresponses iwill ireveal idesires, ifears, iand
i struggles. iThe iRISB iis iused iin iscreening icollege istudents ifor iadjustment iproblems iand iin icareer
i counseling.

QUESTION THREE: i

Formulate iten iyes ior ino iquestions ion iany ifive itraits iof ipersonality

LEADERSHIP iTRAIT
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1. Do iyou ithink iyou ihave ithe iability ito idelegate?

2. Can iyou ibe iaccountable?
3. You iknow ihow ito iset ia igood irapport iwith ipeople?
4. You ihave ia igood iway iof icommunicating iwith ipeople?
5. You’re inot igood iwith idecision imaking?
6. Do iyou iunderstand iyourself iwell?
7. You idon’t igive ithanks ito ipeople iwhen ithey ido iyou igood?
 8. You idon’t ireally ihave ian iinfluence ion ipeople?
9. You idon’t ialways iget ianxiety?
10. You ihave ithe iability ito iknow iwhat ito ido ieven iwhen iyou idon’t iknow iwhat ito ido?

ASSERTIVENESS iVS iSUBMISSIVENESS

1. When iasked ito ido isomething, iI isay iyes ijust iin icase iI iupset ithem i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
2. I iappreciate ipeoples iview ieven iif ithey idiffer ito imine
3. I ilisten ito ipeople, ithey ifind ime iapproachable iand ieasy ito italk ito
4. I iwill ido iall ii ican ito iavoid iconfrontation iby itrying ito ikeep ipeace
5. I iask ifor ihelp ieasily iwithout ifeeling ianxious ior iuncomfortable
6. iI ihate iholding ieye icontact ias iit ifeels ilike iI’m istaring
7. I iwork ihard ito imeet ipeople’s ineeds iusually iat imy iown iexpense
8. I ican iexpress imy ifeelings iand iopinions iconstructively iand icalmly
9. I itake itime ito ithink iabout imy iresponse
10. In ithe ipresence iof iauthority, iI ifeel iintimidated iand iflustered

INTROVERSION iVS iEXTROVERSION

1. I ilook iat ilife ifrom ithe iinside iout

2. I ifirst iof iall ithink ibefore iI italk ilater
3. I igain ienergy ifrom isocializing iand ibeing iout iand iabout
4. I iexpress imyself ivery iverbally
5. I iget imore iexcited iby iideas ithan iby iexternal iactivities
6. I iget itired iand idrained iafter isocializing ieven iif iI ienjoyed iit
7. I’m ialways ion ithe igo
8. I ilisten iwell iand iexpect iother ito ido ithe isame i
9. I imay icome iacross ias iconfident iand ifriendly
10. I iprefer ifew ideep irelationships ithan icasual iones
AGGRESSION iVS iGENTLE iDISPOSITION

1. You ieasily iget ianxiety iabout imost ithings?

2. You ieasily ifeel idepressed iand ifeel idown?
3. You idon’t ireally iget iagitated?
4. You imost itimes ihave imemory iproblems iand idisorientation?
5. Do iyou ifind iit ihard ito ibe iattentive?
6. Do iyou imost itimes ifeel ithe ineed ito ibe idefensive?
7. You imost itimes idon’t iconcentrate ion ithings iyou’re imeant ito iconcentrate ion?
8. You ido ifeel inegative iabout imost ithings?
9. You idon’t igive ipeople ibackhanded icompliments?
10. Do iyou imake ipeople ifeel isorry ifor itheir isuccess?

TOLERANCE TRAITS i

1. You don’t mind to bend the rules when its necessary

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2. You easily forgive people even when they keep repeating the same mistakes
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3. You have a deep knowledge of rules and procedures

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4. You take too long to address performance issues

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5. You easily grow impatient with people

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6. You have high standards and expect others to have that too
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7. You easily get things done

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8. You follow the rules and expect others to do so

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9. You don’t mind ignoring peoples mistakes a couple of times

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10. You are most times patient with people

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