ENGLISH 12

Quarter 2 – Weeks 1-2

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY:
Writing a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts, applying a reading approach, and
doing an adaptation of these require from the learner the ability to identify: representative texts and
authors from Asia, North America, Europe, Latin America, and Africa EN12Lit-IIa-22

EVELYN P. MAMANGON
Author

To The Learners
Congratulations, you are halfway through the course.

During the first quarter you learned about Philippine Literature, in the succeeding modules for this
quarter you will learn more about the literatures from outside of our country. You will be asked not
just to read, but to respond critically to what you have read.

It is highly encouraged that you spend time and effort in going through the pages of this module,
and that you will accomplish everything that is required of you. Unless you are given another
instructions by your teacher, you are supposed to write your answers on the space provided. In case
you missed something while answering the activities, you may go back to the lecture part to ensure
that you have understood the lesson.

Have fun learning!

“ For the Lord gives wisdom; from his mouth comes knowledge and understanding.”-Proverbs

Lesson 1:
Upon completion of the module, it is expected that you can:
define close or analytic reading; and
accomplish tasks that will lead to writing a close analysis.

Direction: Read the questions below and circle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about close reading?
a. It is expected that the student has to read the text many times.
b. It is important to use a pen and/or a highlighter in doing this task.
c. It is important to cite evidences from the text when making interpretation.
d. It is necessary to think about one’s own experience to be able to relate with the characters
in the text.
 1
2. What is the BEST description about close reading?
a. It is remembering facts and basic knowledge about the text.
b. It is requiring analysis and interpretation of facts.
c. It is identifying characters, setting, and plot.
d. It is to be done after reading a text for the first time.
3. What does it mean to annotate a text?
a. to underline, highlight, or make important marks on the page
b. to read, explain, and interpret the theme of the story
c. to look for difficult words on the page
d. to draw the characters and setting of the story

4. In making interpretations and conclusions about the text, why is it important to go back to the
text and cite specific details?
a. to serve as proof of your interpretation
b. to add color and beauty to your interpretation
c. to note changes that may happen in the text
d. to describe patterns of repetition
5. Which reading approach looks at the style, structure, image, and tone of the text?
a. Feminist b. Formalist
c. Marxist d. Psychological

In the previous quarter you learned about the history of Philippine Literature. Let us see if you
can remember the lessons and answer the crossword puzzle below.

History of Philippine Literature Puzzle generated and downloaded from https://www.education.com/worksheet-

generator/reading/crossword-puzzle/

Try to remember what kinds of reading materials were you exposed to at a young age. Maybe,
you’ve read storybooks with pictures and lots of illustrations when you were still kids, even your
textbooks in school were designed to have only a few words. As you age, the type of books and other
reading materials you have also changed. You are now given hard and soft copies of literature and
informational texts that may contain a few or no illustrations at all. Also, the complexity and difficulty
increase as you progress through another grade level each year, until you reach senior high school. In
addition, you need to read extensively not only in your English classes, but even in other subjects as
well.

In your experience, what made a reading task difficult for you? List three problems you
encountered. 1. ____________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________ 3.
____________________________________________________________________

Given the situation, you need to arm yourself with tools to help you understand what you
are supposed to read. Close or analytic reading is a routine that will help you accomplish that
challenging task. It is like using the right instrument to find a valuable treasure—in your case, it is
discovering the ideas or concepts that an author hid in a text. The routines include, but may not be
limited to rereading, annotating, answering questions, and citing proofs of your answers from the
text.
The next activities are designed to help you go through the different procedures mentioned
above. Try your best to accomplish them well.

Activity 1: Read the excerpt from the book Never Let Me Go. Each time you read, you will
be asked to answer a few questions to help you better understand the literature.

Questions Answers

First Reading
Who were the characters in the story?
Describe each of them.

Second Reading
Who is the persona? Give specific
descriptions like age, gender, appearance,
personality, etc..

Third Reading
What did the persona notice about Ms.
Lucy? What details from the narration
signaled the unusual actions of the
guardian?

Never Let Me Go
by Kazuo Ishiguro
 Nobel Laureate in Literature 2016
We were fifteen by then, already into our last year at Hailsham. We’d been in the pavilion
getting ready for a game of rounders. The boys were going through a phase of “enjoying” rounders in
order to flirt with us, so there were over thirty of us that afternoon. The downpour had started while we
were changing, and we found ourselves gathering on the veranda – which was sheltered by the pavilion
roof – while we waited for it to stop. But the rain kept going, and when the last of us had emerged, the
veranda was pretty crowded, with everyone milling around restlessly. I remember Laura was
demonstrating to mean especially disgusting way of blowing your nose for when you really wanted to
put off a boy.

Miss Lucy was the only guardian present. She was leaning over the rail at the front, peering into
the rain like she was trying to see right across the playing field. I was watching her as carefully as ever
in those days, and even as I was laughing at Laura, I was stealing glances at Miss Lucy’s back. I
remember wondering if there wasn’t something a bit odd about her posture, the way her head was bent
down just a little too far so she looked like a crouching animal waiting to pounce. And the way she was
leaning forward over the rail meant drops from the overhanging gutter were only just missing her – but
she seemed to show no sign of caring. I remember actually convincing myself there was nothing unusual
in all this – that she was simply anxious for the rain to stop – and turning my attention back to what
Laura was saying. Then a few minutes later, when I’d forgotten all about Miss Lucy and was laughing
my head off at something, I suddenly realized things had gone quiet around us, and that Miss Lucy was
speaking.

She was standing at the same spot as before, but she’d turned to face us now, so her back was
against the rail, and the rainy sky behind her.

“No, no, I’m sorry, I’m going to have to interrupt you,” she was saying, and I could see she was
talking to two boys sitting on the benches immediately in front of her. Her voice wasn’t exactly strange,
but she was speaking very loudly, in the sort of voice she’d use to announce something to the lot of us,
and that was why we’d all gone quiet. “No, Peter, I’m going to have to stop you. I can’t listen to you
any more and keep silent.”

Then she raised her gaze to include the rest of us and took a deep breath. “All right, you
can hear this, it’s for all of you. It’s time someone spelt it out.”
Activity 2: For this activity you will need a pen and/or a highlighter because you will annotate— you
will underline or highlight keywords and write important ideas or reactions that you may have about
the passage .
In the last sentence, the phrase “spelt (it) out” was used. What is the meaning of those words according
to how they were used in the story? Can you look for details from the story, annotate the text that may
give you an idea of its meaning? Highlight also exact words that may signal what is it that Ms. Lucy
will spell out.
What does spelt (it) out mean?_______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

b. Now, highlight the details in the text that will prove your hypothesis.
Activity 3:
In this activity you need to interpret the passage and carefully find proofs of your answers from the text.
You have to cite 2 or more specific details from the passage that will serve as evidences to support your
interpretation or conclusion about the text. You may include quotes, dialogues, scenes, characters
actions, etc..
The persona described the setting of the story in detail, what can you infer about the atmosphere or
mood in that particular scenario? Give details from the text to prove your inference.
The persona described the setting of the story in detail, what can
or mood in that particular scenario? Give details from the
 you infer about the atmosphere
text to prove your inference. Inference
Details from the text

Inference Details from the text

Can you confidently say that you have understood the excerpt?
Why or why not? What helped you/What made it difficult?
Recall your experience while going through the three
activities, give specific task that you think helped you
understand the literature. You may answer in phrases or in

sentences.

ACTIVI What task helped you?

TY

A close or analytic reading is an approach that a reader may use in order to understand the text on a
deeper level. It usually requires a person to read the printed material several times, annotate important
word/s, answer questions, and give details from the text that may serve as proofs of one’s
interpretation or
understanding. Lesson 2
At the end of this lesson you are expected to:
1. describe some common reading approaches; and
2. apply basic reading approaches to literary analysis.

Directions: Match words in column A with their descriptions in column B. Write the letter of the
correct answer on the line before each number.
of the text. b. This approach focuses on how
A women are portrayed. c. It directs its attention
to how people in different social classes
__1. Feminist __2. Formalist __3. Marxist
interact with each other.
__4. Mythological __5. Psychological d. This refers to how a character struggle within
B himself. e. It tries to look for patterns that
a. It looks at the style, structure, image, and tone appear universally, or an archetype.
 Do you wear eyeglasses or sunglasses? How about a pair of glasses with different and unusual
colors, like green or red? How was the experience? Were you able to see clearly? How was it different
from your usual view of the things around you?

You look at the world around you through different lenses. How you perceive things may be
different from how others see them, even though you may be looking at the same object.

Similarly, when you read a piece of literature and are tasked to make a literary criticism you
are perceiving it from your own point of view. Literary criticism or analysis is the “discipline of
interpreting, analyzing, and evaluating works of literature (Gillespie, 2010).” This is summarized in
the table below.
Task Essential question What is it like?

1. interpret What does this work of It is like a “potluck” where everyone

literature mean? can bring and contribute.

2. analytic How does this piece of It is like looking at the engine of car
literature work? and examining how the different parts
help in making the car move.

3. evaluative Is this work of literature any good? It is like judging in a beauty contest.

To be able to do the tasks above, you can use different reading approaches to better understand
the passage or poem that you read. It is like wearing different types of lenses yet you will be looking at
only one spot. In that way, you will see it in many different ways. Imagine if you use red lens, everything
that you will see, even if it is colored white, will appear to be red; that is because of the shade of lenses
that you have used. In the same manner, when you read a particular text, you may try to understand it
using the different reading approaches below. There are many other types, but we will just discuss the
basic.
Reading Essential Example of a Text Example of an
Approach Questions Analysis Using the
Approach

1. Feminist How are women THE GOOD BODY The author (and the
presented in the By Eve Ensler persona) mentioned about
text? How do (excerpt) how girls in recent years
male characters are being able to move in
treat female In recent years, good girls join male-dominated areas of
characters? How the Army. They climb the the society like the army,
do female corporate ladder. They go to corporate world, and the
characters treat the gym. They accessorize. gym; which were not
other female They wear pointy, painful acceptable before.
shoes. They wear lipstick if
characters? How they’re lesbians; they wear
However, she noted that
do the society lipstick if they’re not. They she believed that
view the female goodness was equal to
characters? being able to
 don’t eat too much. They
don’t eat at all. They stay
perfect. They stay thin. I could
never be good.
This feeling of badness lives
in every part of my being. Call
it anxiety or despair. Call it
2. Formalist What figures of guilt or shame. It occupies me
speech are used? everywhere. The older,
Are there rhymes, seemingly clearer and wiser I
repetition, and get, the more devious,
patterns in the globalized, and terrorist the
badness becomes. I think for
structure of the
many of us–well, for most of
words and us–well, maybe for all of us–
sentences? What there is one particular part of
kind of words our body where the badness
were used by the manifests itself, our thighs,
writer and how our butt, our breasts, our hair,
does it affect the our nose, our little toe. You
know what I’m talking about?
other elements of
the story? It doesn’t matter where I’ve
been in the world, whether it’s
Tehran where women are–
3. Marxist To what economic smashing and remodeling their
class does the noses to look less Iranian, or
character belong in Beijing where they are
to? Is the breaking their legs and adding
character rich or bone to be taller, or in Dallas
where they are surgically
poor? What
whittling their feet in order to
events happened fit into Manolo Blahniks or
in the story that is Jimmy Choos.
influenced by the
character’s Everywhere, the women I
political, meet generally hate one
economical, and particular part of their bodies.
They spend most of their lives
social status?
stay thin and beautiful,
while badness was the
same as being ashamed or
guilty about a part of
one’s body that seems
ugly.
Eve Ensler used the
monologue style, that is,
she used the first person
point of view to narrate
her frustrations,
observations and dreams.
She used very short
sentences, as if she was
just talking casually to a
friend. This made the text
very easy to read and
appeared to be very
personal.
She narrated of being able
to travel and observe
women from different
places, which signified
her economic capacity.
From her observations,
she was able to
hypothesize that women,
in general, whether rich
or poor, young or old, had
a body part that they
wanted to hide, enhance,
or remove.
 4. What images or fixing it, shrinking it. They This feeling of shame or
Mythological/ symbols are have medicine cabinets with guilt because of a
present in the text products devoted to particular body part is
Archetypal transforming it. They have
that are also usually present in most
closets full of clothes that
present in other cover or enhance it. It’s as if fairy tales. The stepsisters
literary works? they’ve been given their own of Cinderella, in one
little country called their body, version, had their feet
which they get to tyrannize, sawed so that they would
clean up, or control while they fit in the glass shoe. Even
lose all sight of the world.
Maleficent, had the
struggle of whether she
would hide or show her
horns before she appeared
to the parents of the
prince.

5.Psychological What motivates the The persona exhibited lack

character’s What I can't believe is that of self-esteem because of

action? What someone like me, a radical her body structure.
psychological feminist for nearly thirty According to Maslow’s
years, could spend this much
theory can be Hierarchy of Needs, she
time thinking about my
applied to the stomach. It has become my will not be able to achieve
character? How tormentor, my distracter; it's self-actualization until
do the characters my most serious committed this psychological need is
treat each other? relationship. It has protruded met.
through my clothes, my
confidence, and my ability to
work. I've tried to sedate it,
educate it, embrace it, and
most of all, erase it.

It is now your turn to apply what you have learned.

Directions: Choose two reading approaches and write your analysis on the chart
below. HUNGER GAMES
By Suzanne Collins
excerpt

As soon as I’m in the trees, I retrieve a bow and sheath of arrows from a hollow log. Electrified
or not, the fence has been successful at keeping the flesh-eaters out of District 12. Inside the woods
they roam freely, and there are added concerns like venomous snakes, rabid animals, and no real
paths to follow. But there’s also food if you know how to find it. My father knew and he taught me
some before he was blown to bits in a mine explosion. There was nothing even to bury. I was eleven
then. Five years later, I still wake up screaming for him to run.
 Even though trespassing in the woods is illegal and poaching carries the severest of penalties,
more people would risk it if they had weapons. But most are not bold enough to venture out with just
a knife. My bow is a rarity, crafted by my father along with a few others that I keep well hidden in the
woods, carefully wrapped in waterproof covers. My father could have made good money selling them,
but if the officials found out he would have been publicly executed for inciting a rebellion. Most of the
Peacekeepers turn a blind eye to the few of us who hunt because they’re as hungry for fresh meat as
anybody is. In fact, they’re among our best customers. But the idea that someone might be arming
the Seam would never have been allowed.
In the fall, a few brave souls sneak into the woods to harvest apples. But always in sight of the
Meadow. Always close enough to run back to the safety of District 12 if trouble arises. “District Twelve.
Where you can starve to death in safety,” I mutter. Then I glance quickly over my shoulder. Even here,
even in the middle of nowhere, you worry someone might overhear you.
When I was younger, I scared my mother to death, the things I would blurt out about District
12, about the people who rule our country, Panem, from the far-off city called the Capitol. Eventually
I understood this would only lead us to more trouble. So I learned to hold my tongue and to turn my
features into an indifferent mask so that no one could ever read my thoughts. Do my work quietly in
school. Make only polite small talk in the public market. Discuss little more than
trades in the Hob, which is the black market where I make most of my money. Even at home, where I
am less pleasant, I avoid discussing tricky topics. Like the reaping, or food shortages, or the Hunger
Games. Prim might begin to repeat my words and then where would we be
Reading Approach Analysis

Literary criticism is the act of interpreting, analyzing, and evaluating works of literature. In
doing this, it is helpful to use different reading approaches like feminist, formalist, Marxist,
mythological, and psychological. You have to answer the essential questions for each approach to help
you in crafting your literary analysis.

Direction: Read the questions below carefully. Then, write the letter of the correct answer on the
blank.
___1. Which of the following are you NOT expected to do if your teacher asked you to annotate a
text?
a. answer essential questions b. highlight important words
c. underline important words d. write important ideas
___2. In doing close reading, which of the following is done?
a. collate difficult vocabulary b. provide proof of analysis from the text c. scan the
passage d. summarize the text

Which reading approach is used in the following statements? Choose your answers from the list: a.
feminist b. formalist c. Marxist d. mythological e. psychological ___3. The word “brave” is repeated
several times, which indicates that its theme is about being courageous in facing life’s struggles.
___4. Its female lead character is portrayed as a 21st century Filipina, who is not afraid to try things
outside of the box.
___5. The working class is exhibited as very important part of the society; without it
life would be miserable.

1. Which reading approach do you think is the easiest to do? Why do you say
so?________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What help do you think you need to be able to do literary analysis more easily next
time?_______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
ENGLISH 12
Quarter 2 – Week 1
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY:
Writing a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts, applying a reading approach, and doing an adaptation of these require from the
learner the ability to identify: representative texts and authors from Asia, North America, Europe, Latin America, and Africa EN12Lit-IIa-22

Name:__________________________________________________ Section:________________
ANSWER SHEET
Lesson 1
Pre Test 1._____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____ Looking Back: Down
1._______________ 3. _______________ 5. _______________ Across 2.__________ 4.
__________ 6. ___________ 7. __________ 8.__________ Brief Introduction:
1.________________________________________________________________________________
2.
________________________________________________________________________________
3.
________________________________________________________________________________
Activity 1:
1st Reading: _______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2nd Reading:________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3rd Reading:________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Activity 2:_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Activity 3
 Inference Details from the text

ACTIVITY What task helped you?

Lesson 2
Pre Test 1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____
Reading Approach Analysis

*Use the back part of this paper to write your answers for Check Your Understanding and
Reflection. Post Test 1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____