3.
Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
Set - I
1. ________ are the basic unit of all types of matter.
[Elements]
2. Dobereiner noted a similarity among the
__________ & ________ properties of several
groups of three elements (triads).
[Physical, chemical]
3. Dobereiner noted that the ___________ element
of each of the triad had an atomic weight
about half way between the atomic weights of
the other two.
[Middle]
4. Dobereiner noted that the properties of
_________ element were in between those of
other two members.
[Middle]
5. Since Dobereiner's relationship reffered to as the
___________, Seemed to work only for a few
elements.
[Law of triads]
6. Frencyh geologist, _____________ arranged the
known elements in order of increasing atomic
weights and made a cyclindrical tableof
elements to display the periodic recurrence of
properties.
[A.E.B. de chancourtois]
7. John Alexander Newlands profounded the law
of _______________.
[octaves]
8. John Alexander Newland arranged the elements
in increasing order of their _________ and noted
that every eighth element had properties similar
to the first element.
[Atomic weights]
9. Newland's law of actaves seemed to the true
only for elements up to ____________.
[Calcium]
10. Dmitri mendeleev, Lathar Meyer independently
proposed that an arranging elements in the
increasing order of their __________, similarities
appear in physical & chemical properties.
[Atomic weights]
11. Lothar Meyer plotted the physical properties such
as atomic volume, melting point & boiling
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point against __________ & obtained a
periodically repeated pattern _______ &
obtained a periodically repeated pattern.
[Atomic weights]
12. Three dobereiner's triads are (i) ________________
(ii) _____________ (iii) ________________.
[(i) Li, Ca, CI (ii) Na, Sr, Br (iii) K, Ba, I]
Set - II
1. German chemist ___________ had developed
a table of the elements that closely resembles
the modern periodic table.
[Lothar Meyer]
2. Russian chemist __________ was responsible for
publishing the periodic law for the first time.
Periodic that the properties of the elements are
a periodic function of their_ ________.
[Mendeleev, atomic weights]
3. Mendeleev arranged elements in horizontal rows
& vertical columns of a table in order of their
increasing ___________ in such a way that the
elements with similar properties occupied the
same vertical column or group.
[Atomic weights]
4. _______ was called as Eka - aluminium.
[Gallium]
5. _________ elements was called as Eka - silicon.
[Geremanium]
6. Mendeleev predicted not only the existence of
____________ & ________ but also described
some of their general physical properties.
[Gallium, germanium]
7. Formula of the oxide formed by Gallium &
germanium is _______ & ________ respectively.
[Ga2O3, GeO2]
8. Formula of the chloride formed by Gallium &
germanium is ___________ & ___________
respectively.
Set - III
1. Preliminary work for mendeleev's great textbook
'principles of chemistry' led him to propose the
________ & to construct ________ of elements.
[Periodic law, periodic table]
[1]
 2. The discovery of first two noble gases ______ &
______ in 1890 suggested the possibility that there
must be other similar elements to fill an entire
family.
[Helium, argon]
14. Elements having similar outer electronic
configurations in theirs atoms are arranged in
vertical columns, reffered to as __________ or
____________.
[Grioups, families]

3. The discovery of two noble gases suggested the 15. There are altogether _________periods in the
possibility that there must be other similar periodic table
elements to fill an entire family. This idea led [seven]
Ramsay to his succesful search for ________ &
_________ noble gases 16. The period number corresponds to the highest
[krypton, xenon] of the elements in the period.
[Principal quantum number]
4. Work on the radioactive decay series for
_________ & _________ in the early years of 17. The first period contains _________ elements.
twentieth centrury was also guided by periodic [2]
table.
[uranium, thorium] 18. Second & third period contains _______ & _______
elements respectively.
5. Russian chemist __________, invented an [8, 8]
accurate barometer.
[Mendeleev] 19. incomplete and like the sixth period would have
a there otical maximum of ______ elements.
6. Name of the element of atomic number |0| is [32]
___________.
[Mendelevium] Set - IV
7. Henry Moseley observed regularities in the 1. _________ & _______ block elements are known
characteristic __________ spectra of the as representative elements.
elements. [S, P]
[x - ray]
2. d- block elements are also known as ________.
8. A plot of (where is the frequency of X - Rays [Transition elements]
emitted) against _______________ gave a
straight line & not the plot of vs _________. 3. f - block elements are also known as _________.
[Atomic number, atomic mass] [Inner transition elements]

9. Modern Periodic law states that the physical and 4. Name ofthe element according t I UPAC
chemical properties of the elements are periodic nomenclature having atomic nuber |0| is
functions of their _____________. ________ & its IUPAC official name is ________.
[Atomic number] [Unnilunium Mendelevium]

10. Pitch blend is an are of _________. 5. Name of the element according to IUPAC
[Uranium] nomenclature having atomic number 109 is
_________ & its IUPAC official name is _________.
11. Atomic number is equal to the ______________ [Unnilunium Mendelevium]
(i.e. number of protons) or the number of
electrons in a neutral atom. 6. Name of the element according to IUPAC
[nuclear charge] nomenclature having atomic number 114 is
_______ & its IUPAC symbol is ___________.
12. ________ element has atomic number 106. [Ununquadium, flerovium,Fl]

13. In the periodic table, the horizontal rows are 7. Name of the elements according to IUPAC
called _______ & the vertical columns are known nomenclature having atomic number 116 is
as __________. [Periods, groups] ________ & its IUPAC official name is _________
[2]
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 & Its IUPAC symbol is _______________. the _________________.
[Ununhexium, livermorium, Lv] [actinoid series]

12. The order in which the energy of the enrgy of

Set - V the available orbitals 4d, 5s & 5p increases as
1. As of now, elements with atomic numbers up ____________.
to _______ have been discovered . [5s < 4d < 5P]
[113]
13. The total number oforbitals available are 9. The
2. Official names of the elements with atomic maximum number of electrons that can be
numbers ________, _______, ________, & ______ accomodated is 18, and therefore number of
are yet to be anounced by IUPAC. elements present in the 5th period are ________.
[113, 115, 117, 118] [18]

3. IUPAC name & symbol for the elements with 14. Group 1 elements have ______ valence shell
atomic number 120 is ______ & ______ electronic configuration.
respectively. [ns-]
[unbinilium, ubn]
15. The properties of an element have periodic
4. Name of the element according to IUPAC dependence upon its ________ & not on relative
nomenclature having atomic number |0| is __________.
_________ & its IUPAC official name is __________. [atomic number, atomic mass]
[unnilennium, Meitnerium]
16. Helium belongs to the s - block but its positioning
5. The distribution of electrons into robitals of an in the p - block along with other group 18
atom is called its ______________. elements is justified because its has a
[electronic configuration] _______________ and as a result, exhibits
properties characteristic of other noble gases.
6. The period indicates the value of n for the [completely filled valence shell]
_______ or _______ shell.
[outermost, valence] 17. The elements of group 1 (alkali metals) and group
2 (alkaline earth metals) which have ______ &
7. Number of elements in each period is twice the _______ outermost electronic configuration &
number of ________ available in the energy level belong to _______ block.
that is being filled. [ns1, ns2, s]
[atomic orbital]
Set - VI
8. The fourth period ends at __________.
[krypton] 1. Group 1 & Group 2 elements are all reactive
metals with low ionisation enthalpies & they lose
9. The fifth period begining with ________ is similar the outermost electrons readily to form _______
to the fourth period and contains the 4d & ________ ion respectively.
transition series starting at ___________. This [1+ , 2+]
period ends at _________ with the filling upof
5p orbitals. 2. The metallic character & the reactivity _______
[rubidium, yttrium, xenon] as we go down the gorup.
[Increases]
10. In the order - filling up of the 4f orbitals begins
with cerium (z = 58) and ends at lutetium (z = 3. Because of _________, group 1 elements are
71) to give the 4f - inner transition series which is never found in pure state.
called the _______________. High reactivity]
[lanthanoid series]
4. The compounds of the s - block elements, with
11. Filling up of the 5f orbitals after actinium (Z = 89) the exceptions of those of _______ & _______
gives the 5f - inner transition series known as are predominantly ionic. [lithium, beryllium]

[3]
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 5. The p - block elements comprise those belonging 17. The elements of _______ block are all metals,
to group __________ & _________. they mostly form coloured ions, exhibits variable
[13, 18] valence (oxidation states), paramagnetism &
oftenly used as catalyst.
6. P - block elements together with S - block [d]
elements are called _____________ or
____________. 18. _______, ______ & _______ are the elements of d
[Representative elements, main group elements] - block & they have the electronic configuration
(n -1)d10 ns2 & they do not show most of the
7. In P - block elements, the outermost electronic properties of transition metals.
configuration varies from __________ to [Zn, Cd, Hg]
_________ in each period.
[ns2 np1 to ns2 np6] 19. Transition elements form a bridge between the
chemically active metals of s - block & the less
8. In P - block, at the end of each period there is a active elements of group 13 & 14 and thus take
noble gas element with a closed valence shell the familiar name __________.
___________ configuration. [Transition elements]
[ns2 np6]
20. The F - block elements are characterised by the
9. All the orbitals in the valence shel of the _______ outer electronic configuration __________.
are completely filled by electrons and it is very [(n - 2)f 1-14 (n - 1)d 0 - 1 ns2]
difficult to alter this stable arrangement by the
addition or removal of electrons. 21. In F - blocik elements the flast electron is added
[noble gases] to _______ orbital.
[F]
10. Group 17 elements are also known as ________.
[Halogens] 22. F - block elements are also called as _______.
[Inner transition elements]
11. Group 16 elements are also known as ________.
[chalcogens] 23. Among the actinoids and lanthanoids, ofthe
chemistry of __________ is more complicated
12. Group 17 & group 16 elements have highly than the corresponding ________ due to the
negative _________ and readily add one or two large number of the oxidation states possible
electrons respectively to attain the stable noble for those elements.
gas configuration. [Actinoids, lanthanoids]
[electron gain enthalpy]
24. All the elements of ________ block are metal &
13. Among metallic & non - metallic character, with in each series, the properties of the
___________ character increases as we move left elements are quite similar.
to right across the period and _________ [f]
character increases as we go down the group.
[non-metallic, metallic] 25. ________ elements are radioactive.
[Actinoid]
14. The d - block starts from ______ group and ends
at _______ group. 26. The elements after uranium are called ________
[3rd, 12th] elements.
[transuranium]
15. d - block elements are characterised by the filling
of inner ________ orbitals by electrons . 27. The element with z = 117, would belong to the
[d] family i.e. group _______ & the electronic
configuration would be ________.
16. General outer electronic configuration of d - [Halogens, 17 [Rn]5f14 6d10 7s2 7p5]
block is ____________.
28. The element with z = 120 will be placed in group
______ i.e. _______ metals & will have the

[4]
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 electronic configuration _________________. 12. Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, At are __________.
[2, alkaline earth, [Uuo]8s 2] [metalloids]

Set - VII 13. The increasing order of metallic character for Si,
Be, Mg, Na & P is ___________.
1. The elements can be divided into ________ & [P < Si < Be < Mg < Na]
________.
[Metals & non - elements] 14. Chemical reactivity tends to be ______ in group
1 metals, ______ in elements towards the middle
2. Metals comprise more than ______ % of all of the table & increases to maximum in the
known elements & appear on the ______ side gorup 17 non - metals.
of the periodic table. [High, lower]
[78, left]
15. In alkali metals, reactivity goes on ______ town
3. Metals are usually exist in _______ state at room the group & in case of halogens, reactivity
temperature but ________ metal is an exception ________ as wego down the group.
for this. [Increasing, decreases]
[solid mercury]
16. The size of an atom is _______________.
o
4. ______ & ______ have very low melting points [1.2 or A1.2 x 10-10 m]
of 303 k & 302 k respectively.
[3 Gallium, Caesium] 17. One practical approach to extimate the size of
an atom of a non - metallic elements is to
5. Among metals and non metals, _______ usually measure the distance between two atoms when
have high melting and boiling points & they are they are bound together bya single bond in a
good conductors of heat & electricity & they covalent molecule & from this value the
are malleable & ductile. ________ of the element can be calculated.
[metals] [Covalent radius]

6. Among metals & non metals ________ are 18. The bond distance in the chlorine molecule (CI 2)
located at the top right hand side of the is 198 pm & half the distance (99 pm), is taken
periodical table. as the __________ of the chlorine.
[Non - metals] [Atomic radius]

7. Non - metals usually exist in _______ or _____ state 19. For metals, we define the term ________ which
at room temperature with low melting & boiling is taken as half the internuclear distance
point but ______ & ______ elements are separating the metal cores in the metallic crystal.
exception for this [metallic radius]
[solid, gaseous, boron, carbon]
20. The distnace between two adjacent copper
8. ______ means the ability due to which they can atoms in solid copper is 256 pm; hence the
be flattened into thin sheets by hammering. metallic radius of copper is assigned a value of
[Malleable] _________ of pm.
[128]
9. ________ means the ability due to which they
can be drawn into wires. 21. The elements of group _______, being
[Ductility] monoatomic, their (non - bonded radii) values
are very large.
10. _________ are poor conductors of heat & [18]
electricity & they are brittle & they are neither
malleable nor ductile. 22. Radii of noble gases should be compared not
[non - metals] with the covalent radii but can be compared
with the ________ of elements.
11. Semi - metals are also known as _________. [Vander waals radii]
[metalloids]

[5]
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 Set - VIII
1. The removal of an electron from an atom results
in the fommation of _________ whereas gain of
electron leads to an __________.
[cation, anion]
2. Among cation anions, a ________ is smaller than
its parent atom because it has fewer electrons
while its nuclear charge remains the same.
[cation]
3. The size of an _______ will be larger than that of
the parent atom because an addition of one
or more electrons would result in increased
repulsion among the electrons & a decrease in
effective nuclear charge.
[anion]
4. When some atoms & ions have same number
of electrons, they are called as ______.
[isoelectronic species]
5. O2-, F-, Na+ & Mg+2 have the same numbers of
electrons but their radii would be different
because of their different __________.
[Nuclear charge]
6. Atomic radii goes on ______ across a period.
[decreasing]
7. Among the isoelectric species, the one with
larger positive nuclear charge will have the
________ size.
[smaller]
8. A quantitative measure of tendency of an
__________ element to lose electron is known
as ____________.
[Ionisation enthalpy]
9. ________ represents the energy required to
remove an electron from an isolated gaseous
atom (x) in its ground state.
10. The ionization enthalpy is expressed in unit of
__________.
[kj mol -1]
11. Energy is always required to remove electron
from an atom and hence ionisation enthalpies
are always __________.
[positive]
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12. The second ionization enthalpy will be _______
than the first ionization enthalpy because it is
more difficult to remove an electron from a
positively charged ion than from a neutral
atom.
[Higher]
13. The effective nuclear chare experienced by a
valence electron in an atom will be less than
the actual charge on the nucleus because of
_________ or _______ of the valence electron
from the nucleus bythe interning core electrons.
[Shieding, screening]
Set - IX
1. As we move down the group increase in
shieding outweigh the increasing nuclear
charge and the removal of the outermost
electron requires ________ energy.
[less]
2. Across a period, the outermost electrons are held
more and more tightly and the ionization
enthalpy _________ across a period.
[Increases]
3. The first ionization enthalpy of boron (z = 5) is
slightly ________ than that of beryllium even
though the former has a greater nuclear charge.
[less]
4. It is easier to remove the _______ electron from
boron compared to the removal of a 2s-
electron from berylium.
[2p]
5. _______ ionization enthalpy of oxygen is smaller
than that of nitrogen.
[First]
6. The rist ionization entalpy of AI should be _______
than that of Mg because of effective shielding
of 3p electrons from the hnucleus y 3 s - electrons.
7. When an electron is added to a neutral gaseous
atom to convert it into a negative ion, the
enthalpy charge accompanying the process is
defined as the __________.
[Electron gain enthalpy]
8. ________ provides a measure of the ease with
which an atom adds an electron to form anion.
[Electron gain enthalpy]
[6]
 9. For many elements enery is released when an
electron is added to the atom & the electron
gain enthalpy is __________.
[negative]
10. Group ________ elements have very high
negative electron gain enthalpies because they
can attain stable noble gas configurations by
picking up an electron.
[17]
11. Elements of group _______ have large positive
electron gain enthalpies because the electrons
has to enter the next higher principal quantum
level leading to a very unstable electronic
configuration.
[18]
12. It may be noted that electron gain enthalpies
have large __________ values towards the upper
right of he periodic table preceding the noble
gases.
13. The variation in electron gain enthalpy is less
systematic than for ____________.
[Ionisation enthalpies]
14. Electron gain enthalpy becames more _______
with increase in atomic number across a period.
[negative]
15. Electron gain enthalpy of Q E is _______ negative
than that of S
[less]
16. Electron gain enthalpy of F is _______ negative
than that of CI.
[less]
17. Electron gain enthalpy generally becomes
___________ negative across a period as we
move from left to right.
[more]
18. Within a group, electron gain enthalpy becomes
_________ negative down a group.
[less]
19. Among the elements P, CI, S,F ________ has the
most negative electron gain enthalpy & _______
has the least negative electron gain enthalpy.
[CI, P]
20. A qualitative measure of the ability of an atom
in a chemical compound to attract shared
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electrons to itself is called ____________.
[electronegativity]
21. Unlike ionization enthalpy and electron gain
enthalpy electronegativity is not a
_______quantity.
[measurable]
22. A number of numerical scales of
electronegativityof elements viz, _______ scale,
_________ scale, __________ scale have been
developed.
[Pauling, Mulliken - jaffe, Allred - rochow]
23. Electron affinity is defined as absolute zem and
therefore at any other temperature heat
capacities of the reactants & the products have
to be taken into accounts in egH = ________.
[-Ae - 5/2 RT]
Set - X
1. The most widely used scale of electronegativity
is _______________.
[Pauling scale]
2. Linus pauling assigned arbitrarily a value of &
to __________, the element considered to have
the ability to attract electrons.
[fluorine]
3. The _________ of any given element is not
constant it varies depending on the element to
which it is bound.
[electronegativity]
4. _______ is not a measurable quantity, it provides
a means of predicting the nature of force that
holds a pair of atoms together
[electronegativity]
5. The attraction between the outer electron & the
nucleus increases as the atomic radii decreases
in a period & the electronegativity also ______.
[Increases]
6. Electron gain enthalpy, ionization enthalpy &
electronegativity _________ across a period.
[Increases]
7. Electron gain enthalpy, ionization enthalpy &
electronegativity ________ down the group.
[Decreases]
[7]
 20. The valence of elements of group 16 is _______
8. Atomic radius ______ down the group &
& ________.
________ across a period.
[2, 6]
[Increases, decreases]
21. The valence of elements of group 17 is _______
9. Electronegativity is directly related to _______
& ________.
properties of elements.
[1, 7]
[non - metallic]

22. The valence of elements of group 18 is _____ &

10. Electronegativity is inversly related to the
_______.
properties of elements.
[0, 8]
[Metallic]

11. The increase in electronegativities across a Set - XI

period is accomplied by an increase in _______
1. There are many elements which exhibit variable
properties of elements.
valence.This is particularly characteristic of
[Non - metallic]
________ and ________.
[Transition elements, actinoids]
12. The decrease in electronegativity down a group
is accompanied by a decrease in ______
2. Lithium unlike other alkali metals & beryllium
properties of elements.
unlike other alkaline earth metals form
[non - metallic]
compounds with pronounced ________
character : the other members of these groups
13. The _______ of representative elements is usualy
predominantly form ________ compounds.
equal to the number of electrons in the
[Covalent, ionic]
outermost orbitals and / or equal to eight minus
the number of outermost electrons.
3. The behaviour of lithium & beryllium is more
[Valence]
similar with the second element of the following
group i.e. ______ & ______ respectively.
14. In OF2 , the oxidation state of fluorine & oxygen
[Mg, AI]
is _______ & _______ respectively.
[-1, +2]
4. The anomalous behaviour shown by the first
member of a group of elements in the S - & P -
15. In Na2O, the oxidation state of sodium & oxygen
block is due to _________, ________ & ________
is ______, ______ respectively.
[Small size, large size / radius ratio, high
[+1, -2]
electronegativity of the element]
16. The _______ of an element in a particular
5. The first member of the group has only _________
compound can be defined as the charge
valence orbitals available for bonding, where
acquired by its atom on the basis of
as the second member of the groups have
electronegativity consideration from other
_________ valence orbitals.
atoms in the molecule.
[two, nine]
[Oxidation state]
6. Themaximum covalency of the first member of
17. The formula of the comound formed from the
each group is _______ whereas the other
bromine & silicon is _________.
members of the groups can expand their
[SiBr4]
valence shell to accomodate more than pairs
of electrons.
18. The formula of the compound formed by the
[4, four]
aluminium & sulphur is ________.
[Al2s3]
7. The first member of P - block element displays
greater ability to form _______ multiple bonds
19. The valence of elements of group 15 is _______
to itself and to other second period elements
& ________.
compored to subsequent members ofhe same
[3, 5]
group.
[p - p]
[8]
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 8. The oxidation state & covalency of AI in [AICI 20.
(H2O)s]+2 is ________ & _______ respectively.
[+3, 6]
9. The maximum chemical reactivity at the extreme
is exhibited y the loss of an electron leading to
the formation of cation and at the 21.
extreme_______ shown by the gain of an
electron forming an ______ anion.
[left, right]
22.
10. The metallic character of an element , which is
highest character increases while moving from
left to right across the period.
[left]
Among transition metals [3d series], the change
in atomic radii is much _______ as compared to
those of representative elements across the
period.
[smaller]
The change in atomic radii is still smaller among
the _____________ metals.
[inner transition]
Metallic character increases down the group &
non - metallic character decreases. This trend
can be related with their _______ & ______
property.
[reducing, oxidising]

11. The chemical reactivity of an element can be

best shown by its reaction with _______ and
______.
[oxygen, halogens]

12. The normal oxides formed bythe elements on

extreme left is the most ______ in nature (e.g.
Na2O) whereas that formed bythe element on
extreme right is the most ________ in nature (e.g.
CI 2 O7)
[Basic, acidic]

13. Examples of amphoteric oxides are _______ &

_________.
[AI 2O3, AS2O3]

14. Examples of neutral oxides are ______, _____ &

________.
[CO, NO, N2O]

15. Amphoteric oxides behaves as acidic with

_______ and as basic with _______, whereas
_______ oxides have no acidic or basic
properties.
[Bases, acids, neutral]

16. Na2O + H2O ------ _____________.

[2NaOH]

17. CI 2O7 + H2O ----- ____________.

[2HCIO4]

18. Na2O is _________ oxide & CI 2O7 is _______ oxide.

[Basic, acidic]

19. Basic or acidic nature can be quantitatively

tested.
[Litmus paper]

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