ELEMENTS OF

PERIODIC TABLE
Science 8 – Week 7-8
An element is a pure substance that
is made from a single type of atom.
Elements are the building blocks for
all the rest of the matter in the world.
Examples of elements include iron,
oxygen, hydrogen, gold, and helium.
The periodic table (also known as
the periodic table of elements) is
organized so scientists can quickly
discern the properties of individual
elements such as their mass,
electron number, electron
configuration and their unique
chemical properties. Metals reside
on the left side of the table, while
non-metals reside on the right.
THE FOLLOWING ARE SCIENTIST
WHO TRIED TO ARRANGE THE
PERIODIC TABLE BASED ON THE
INCREASING ATOMIC MASS AND
SIMILAR PROPERTIES OF EACH
ELEMENTS
Johann Dobereiner (1829) –
began to associate elements with
similar properties in to groups of
three or triads. This began in 1817
when he noticed that the atomic
weights of strontium, calcium and
barium. Sr, strontium was found to
be in midway between the weights
of calcium and barium. All the three
elements possessed similar
chemical properties. By 1829, he
had discovered a halogen triad
made up of chlorine, bromine, and
iodine and an alkali metal triad of
lithium, sodium and potassium.
 John Newlands (1863) – was
an English Chemist who
proposed the Law of Octaves.
He arranged the elements in
order of increasing atomic
mass and he discovered that
every seventh element had
similar properties and he
called them octaves.
Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) –
who first published his periodic
table in 1869, was a Russian
chemist who arranged the
elements in order of increasing
atomic mass while putting
groups in those with similar
properties. The elements were
arranged in rows and columns,
and he left blank spaces for
elements to be discovered
because of the pattern he saw.
Lothar Meyer (1864)
– was German
chemist. He arranged
28 elements into 6
families with similar
chemical and physical
traits. He came up
with the same
conclusion as Dmitri
Mendeleev.
William Ramsay (1894)
– was a British chemist
who discovered four
noble gases (neon,
krypton, and xenon) and
showed that those
gases (together with
Helium and Radon)
formed a new family of
elements named Noble
Gases.
Henry Moseley
(1913) - was a British
physicist who used X-
ray to order the
elements and
discovered that each
element has a unique
emission pattern .
 ACTIVITY 1:
Direction: Group the following based from the given characteristics of each element.

Group 1 Group 2

Neon-colorless, tasteless, inert gas. It is chemically active

Lithium-Soft, silvery white least dense metal .They are highly reactive
Argon-colorless, odorless, tasteless, inert gas. With density of 1.784 grams
Potassium- metal is soft and white with a silvery luster, has a low melting point, and is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
Sodium- It's a soft metal, reactive and with a low melting point, with a relative density of 0,97 at 20ºC (68ºF).
Krypton- is a colorless, odorless, inert gas. Although it is extremely unreactive krypton can react with the very reactive gas
fluorine.
 ACTIVITY 1:
Direction: Group the following based from the given characteristics of each element.

Group 1 Group 2

Neon Sodium
Argon Potassium
Krypton Lithium

What is/are your basis/reason in grouping the elements in that way?

 
ACTIVITY 2:
Direction: Make the following timeline to show development of the Periodic table From 1829-1913
refer on the readings from this worktext.
ACTIVITY 2:
Direction: Make the following timeline to show development of the Periodic table From 1829-1913
refer on the readings from this worktext.

1829-Johann Dobereiner 1864-Lothar Meyer arranged 28

1863-John Newlands elements into 6 families with
introduced the Triads of
Proposed the Law of Octaves similar chemical and physical
Elements traits

1869- Dmitri Mendeleev arranged the 1894 William Ramsay formed 1913-Henry Moseley
elements in order of increasing atomic
mass while putting groups in those with a new family of elements discovered that each element
similar properties named Noble Gases has a unique emission pattern
ACTIVITY 3
Direction: Match column A with Column B

A B
___1.He proposed the Law of Octaves.
A. JOHANN DOBEREINER
___2. British physicist who used X-ray to order the elements
and discovered that each element has a unique B. JOHN NEWLANDS
emission pattern. C. DMITRI MENDELEEV
___3. Arranged 28 elements into 6 families with similar D. LOTHAR MEYER
chemical and physical traits. E. WILLIAM RAMSAY
___4. Associate elements with similar properties in to groups F. HENRY MOSELEY
of three or triads.
___5. Was a British chemist who discovered four noble
gases (neon, krypton, and xenon)
ACTIVITY 3
Direction: Match column A with Column B
A
B
B ___1.He proposed the Law of Octaves.

F ___2. British physicist who used X-ray to order the A. JOHANN DOBEREINER
B. JOHN NEWLANDS
elements and discovered that each element
C. DMITRI MENDELEEV
has a unique emission pattern.
D. LOTHAR MEYER
D ___3. Arranged 28 elements into 6 families with
E. WILLIAM RAMSAY
similar chemical and physical traits. F. HENRY MOSELEY
A ___4. Associate elements with similar properties in
to groups of three or triads.
E ___5. Was a British chemist who discovered four
noble gases (neon, krypton, and xenon)
Shows the horizontal rows of the periodic table, called periods.
The vertical columns of the periodic table are called groups or families
ACTIVITY 4: MY LOCATION
Direction: Using the periodic table, identify the element that is specified in each of the items.
1. Period 5, group 10
2. Period 4, group 15
3. Period 3, group 2
4. Period 5, group 18
5. Period 4, group 13
6. Period 1, group 1
7. Period 6, group 13
8. Period 4, group 8
9. Period 3, group 2
10. Period 2, group 16
ACTIVITY 4: MY LOCATION
Direction: Using the periodic table below (figure 5), identify the element that is specified in
each of the items.
1. Period 5, group 10 - Palladium
2. Period 4, group 15 - Arsenic
3. Period 3, group 2 - Magnesium
4. Period 5, group 18 - Xenon
5. Period 4, group 13 - Gallium
6. Period 1, group 1 - Hydrogen
7. Period 6, group 13 - Thallium
8. Period 4, group 8 - Iron
9. Period 3, group 2 - Magnesium
10. Period 2, group 16 - Selenium
ALKALI  These are the elements Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr. They are all
metals, extremely soft metals, which can be cut with a butter
METALS knife. Alkali metals are very abundant in nature. They share
many similar chemical and physical properties; for example,
they have low densities and low melting and boiling points.
ALKALINE EARTH  These are the elements Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba,
and Ra. These are very reactive elements
that have similar chemical behavior during
METALS the formation of molecules and compounds.
Many compounds in this group are
insoluble in water.
HALOGENS

These are the elements F, Cl, Br, I, and At. These elements are known to be
salt-forming.
 NOBLE GASES
 These are the most stable of the elements (non-reactive), which include He, Ne, Ar, Kr,
Xe, and Rn. Noble gases share properties like high densities, high melting points,
colorless, odorless, and tasteless.
REPRESENTATIVE AND
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
 REPRESENTATIVE AND
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
The periodic table can also be divided into sections.
One section consists of the first two groups, Groups 1
and 2, and the elements in Groups 13–18. These eight
groups are the representative elements. They include
metals, metalloids, and non-metals. Representative
elements are also known as “group A elements” or
“main group elements.”
 REPRESENTATIVE AND
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
The elements in Groups 3–12 are transition
elements. They are all metals. Some transition
elements, called the inner transition elements, are
placed below the main table.
These elements are called the lanthanide and actinide
series because one series follows the element
lanthanum, element 57, and the other series follows
actinium, element 89.
METALS, METALLOIDS AND
NON-METALS
Metals are located on the left side of the
Periodic Table of Elements. Most of the
elements are metals which are solids at
room temperature except Mercury.
Elements that are found far right of the periodic table are
called nonmetals which may be solids, liquids or gases.
A stair-step line on the table separates the metals from
nonmetals. The elements along this line are called
metalloids.

 Metalloids exhibit the properties of metals and

nonmetals. The seven elements commonly regarded as
metalloids are silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony,
tellurium, and polonium.
ACTIVITY 1:
 ACTIVITY 1: THE MISSING
ELEMENT

B 2 Met
Aluminum 13 M
14 5 M
He 1 MN
Neon 2 MN
Calcium 2 M
Fr 7 M
Gold 11 M
 ACTIVITY 2: FIND ME!
 Directions: Shade the correct boxes in the periodic table to identify the
Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, Transition Elements and
Inner Transition Elements.
ACTIVITY 3: FIND ME!
Directions: Shade the correct boxes in the periodic table to identify the metals, non-metals, and
nonmetals. Use the given legend for the shading.