BUNGA REFIRA

1830104008
LLA
14 April 2021

- Test takers can elaborate and provide detailed answers

- Test takers are not able to guess and select an answer

- Can review individualized responses from each user

- Can be used for all types of subjects

Strengths and
weaknesses Takes less time to create questions

1. Restricted-response items, it is more easily graded than the

extended response type.

Example :
TYPES
TYPES OF
OF ESSAY
ESSAY TEST
TEST a. discuss three techniques of instruction-lecture, demonstration,
(Hendriani,
(Hendriani, Suswati
Suswati and class discussion
dan
dan Nina
Nina Suzanne
Suzanne
(2014:51) b. define the term inference
(2014:51)
2. Extended-response items, is one that is relatively unstructured.

ESSA Example :
Y a. discuss the text structure of the local, state, and federal
TEST branches of government in the United States

b. explain the purpose of the author in writing in the article.

Rules of Rule 1: Phrase the direction in such a way that students are guided
on the key concepts to be included.
Construction
Rule 2: Inform the students on the criteria to be used for grading
their essays. This rule allows the students to focus on relevant and
substantive materials rather than on peripheral and unnecessary
facts and bits of information.
Rule 3: Put a time limit on the essay test.
Rule 4: Decide on your essay grading system prior to getting the
essays of your students.
Rule 5: Evaluate all of the students’ answers to one question before
proceeding to the next question. Scoring or grading essay tests
question by question, rather than student by student, makes it
possible to maintain a more uniform standard for judging the
answers to each question.
Rule 6: Evaluate answers to essay questions without knowing the
identity of the writer. This is another attempt is control personal
bias during scoring. Answers to essay questions should be
evaluated in terms of what is written, not it terms of what is known
about the writers from other contacts with them.
Rule 7: Whenever possible, have two or more persons grade each
answer. The best way to check on the reliability of the scoring of
essay answers is to obtain two or more independent judgments.
Although this may not be a feasible practice for routine classroom
testing, it might be done periodically with a fellow teacher (one
who is equally competent in the area).
 1. The point-score method
Methods of
a. The Construct a grading key wnich includes the
Grading mejor aspects that the pupil should include in his
response to each question

b. Read a single question through all the papers.

c. Total the points on cach paper after all of the

ESSAY TEST questions have been read.

2. The sorting method

a. Read through all the papers as quickly as possible

b. Reread the papers

c. Assign etter gredes on the basis of the p'les into

which the papers were sorted.

Problems of 1. The halo effect

Grading The halo effeet is apparent when the score given by
grader for one paper is influenced hy a well organized
and answered of the frst cuestion Even though the
tollowing answers are pocrer, the paper is still assigned a
high score.

2. High prading or generosity eror

It is related to halo effect. The grader who is affected by

generosity error consistently assigns grades that are too
high for all papers.

3. Low grading or penalty ernor it is unfair es generosity

error. The grader is too strict. He consistentiy assigns
grades that are low or too low with too high siandard for
all of the classes.

4. The influence of extraneous factors.

This factor is extremely difficuit to overcome. For

example, the bad quality of handwriting can cause the
difficulty in reading the papers that can affect the
students' scores. Other problems are ability in grammar,
vocabulary, spell'ng, organization, neatness and
composition.