‫كلية الهندسة‬

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
‫قسم الهندسة البحرية وعمارة السفن‬
DEP. OF NAVAL ARCHITECTURE &MARINE ENGINEERING

Sheet # 1
Ship Resistance Components
Question # 1
a) Name the components of total hull resistance in calm water: Which component dominates at slow
speeds? And which component dominates at high speeds?
b) Explain briefly the different components of still water resistance of a conventional surface ship
according to Froude assumptions.
c) Classify the ship still underwater resistance according to the induced stresses on its hull.
d) Why does the flow separation occur behind the ship? Does this separated flow increase the ship
resistance? If yes, name the resistance component which represents this effect.
e) With the aide of the necessary neat sketches, describe briefly the two major wave systems produced
by a ship moving through calm water.

Question # 2
Differentiate clearly between the following:
a) Friction resistance and skin friction resistance.
b) Viscous resistance and viscous pressure resistance
c) Still water resistance and rough water resistance
d) Wave resistance and wave making resistance
e) Viscous pressure resistance and form resistance
f) Froude`s number and speed length ratio

Question # 3
a) Determine the value of the Froude number in SI units for: V = 10ft/s, g = 32.2 ft/s2 and l = 2 ft
(convert these numbers to SI before calculating the Froude number). Recalculate the Froude number
using the original BG units. Explain your answer in both SI and BG units. Repeat the problem for the
speed length ratio.

b) When we build geometrically similar models and full scaled ships, care is usually taken to scale the
Froude number. Suppose we would like to study the motion of a boat (length 100 m, speed 10 m/s) in
the hydrodynamic lab. Due to budget and space constraints, we can only make a model that is 1 m
long. How fast does the model have to move for Froude number scaling to hold?

c) It is desired to simulate the flow around a sailboat in a laboratory experiment with mercury as the
fluid. What model length L (in feet) and fluid speed V (in feet per second) would be required to have
the same Froude and Reynolds numbers determined when L =40ft and sailboat cruising at 25 nautical
miles per hour. (ʋ (mercury) = 0.114x10-6 m2/s, ʋ (water) = 1.0508 × 10−6 m2 /s)

Good Luck Prof. Dr. Khaled A. Hafez