SirPlz Collections

BY ABDULLAH MAT NOOR

https://t.me/sirplz

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https://t.me/sirplz
CONTENTS
Nouns Modal Verbs
Articles SV Agreements
Quantifiers Adverbs
Pronouns Prepositions
Adjectives Conjunctions
Verb Punctuations
Tenses Figurative Speech
Helping Verbs Synonyms/ Antonyms
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 Sirplz Collections

Nouns refer to someone

(people), or something
(animals, things, plants,
activities, places, and
ideas). Nouns can be
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specific (Proper Nouns)

or unspecific (Common
Nouns).
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 COMMON NOUNS
• A common noun refers to an unspecific
person, thing, place, or idea.
Example: boy, girl, man, woman, cat, etc.
• These words are unspecific because we can
refer them to any boy, girl, woman, or cat.
• A common noun must start with a small letter
unless it starts a sentence.
• There are five types of common nouns.
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Countable Uncountable Collective

Noun Noun Noun
Concrete Abstract
Noun Noun
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 PROPER NOUNS
• A proper noun refers to a specific or
particular name of a person, animal, plant,
thing, and place.
Class Common Noun Proper Noun
people boy Hakim
animal mouse Mickey Mouse
plant coconut Cocos nucifera
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thing car Perodua Axia

place shopping mall Mydin Mall
• A proper noun starts with a capital letter.
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 TYPES OF NOUNS
Type Meaning
Countable Noun It is a noun that we can
modify with numbers.
Uncountable Noun It is a noun that we can’t
count with numbers.
Collective Noun It is a group of nouns but we
refer them as a unit.
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Concrete Noun It is a noun that we can

perceive with our senses.
Abstract Noun It is a noun that we can’t
perceive with our senses.
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 COUNTABLE NOUNS

bowl We can count apple

them
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flamingos people
 SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS
• We can divide the countable nouns into singular
nouns and plural nouns. Example:
Class Singular Nouns Plural Nouns
people boy boys
animals cat cats
plants tree trees
things pencil pencils
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places shop shops

activity singing lesson singing lessons
idea love loves
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 CHANGING NOUNS: ONE TO MANY

For most singular For a singular noun

nouns, we must that ends with -o, we
add –s at the end must add –s or –es
of a noun Example:
Example: piano  pianos
boy  boys photo  photos
girl  girls tomato  tomatoes
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cat  cats mosquito  mosquitoes

tree  trees hero  heroes
apple  apples
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 CHANGING NOUNS : ONE TO MANY

For a singular noun

For a singular noun that ends with –f or –
that ends with –y, we fe, we must add –s or
must add –s or -ies –ves.
Example: Example:
day  days roof  roofs
way  ways puff  puffs
baby  babies
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wife  wives
story  stories knife  knives
fly  flies leaf  leaves
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 CHANGING NOUNS : ONE TO MANY

For a singular, Some nouns share

irregular noun, we the same spelling for
must add –en or singular and plural.
change the vowel. Example:
Example: deer  deer
child  children fish  fish
ox  oxen sheep  sheep
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mouse  mice food  food

tooth  teeth scissors  scissors
foot  feet trousers  trousers
 UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

sand We can’t count.

We consider them peppers
as one.
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juice sugar
 CONCRETE NOUNS

baby skunk
We can observe
them with our
senses
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apple book
 ABSTRACT NOUNS

friendship happiness
Abstract noun is
something that
We can’t perceive
by our senses but confusion
we can feel
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fear
 COLLECTIVE NOUNS
A collective noun
refers to a group of
people, things, animals,
or plants . They are
considered as one unit.
• a herd of elephants
• a swarm of bees
• an orchestra of musicians
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• a flock of sheep
• a bouquet of flowers
• a fleet of airplanes
• a cup of happiness
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 COMPOUND NOUNS
Example:
table+cloth
tablecloth
A compound sun+glass
noun is a noun that sunglass
is made up by two sun+light
or more nouns. sunlight
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sting+ray
stingray
snow+flake
snowflake
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 POSSESSIVE NOUNS
A possessive noun is used
to show belonging or
possession. An apostrophe
’s or s’ is placed at the
last letter of a noun.
Example:
1) This is Ali’s shoes.
2) These are the boys’ shoes.
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3) That is Elena’s book.

4) These are the girls’ books.
Apostrophe -’s (for singular)
Apostrophe –s’ (for plural)
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 A NOUN HAS MANY ROLES
• A noun may appear at any part in a sentence.
It has many roles. It can act as
1 a subject
2 a direct object
3 an indirect object
4 a predicate noun
5 an object complement
6 an object of preposition
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• Example 1
Ali plays football with his friends.
1 5 6
 THE USES OF NOUNS
• Example 2
Zara gives her mother a flower.
1 2 3

• Example 3
Hakim is at the field.
1 6

• Example 4
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Halim is a small boy.

1 4
 Sirplz Collections

Determiners tell us
about the number or
amount of nouns. By
adding a determiner in
front of a noun, we can
know whether the noun
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is singular or plural.
Articles and quantifiers
are determiners.
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 THESE ARE DETERMINERS

a group of people
a boy a group of shows
a shows one many but we refer it
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as one

four people
four shows many
 Sirplz Collections

Articles ‘a’, ‘an’, and

‘the’ are used to define
a noun as specific or
unspecific. They appear
in front of a noun or an
adjective.
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 WHERE ARE THE ARTICLES?
1. This is a boy.
2. The boy is eating an ice-cream.
3. This is the boy who I met yesterday.
4. There is a cat under my chair.
5. The cat is sleeping under the chair.
6. The chair is made of wood.
7. It is a wooden chair.
8. Zara has a cat.
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9. The cat is white.

10. Ali puts a book on a desk.
 ARTICLE ‘a’
• Article ‘a’ is used before a singular, countable
noun.
• The noun usually begins with a consonant
letter - b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t,
v, w, y, and z.
Example: a boy, a cat, a day, a market, etc.
• The rule doesn’t apply for ‘unit’, ‘uniform’,
and ‘university’. It is because the words do
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not have vowel sounds when spoken.

• Be careful when using letters e, g, h, i, l, r, u,
w, and y as their spellings can represent both
vowel and consonant.
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 ARTICLE ‘an’
• Article ‘an’ is used before a singular,
countable noun.
• The nouns usually begins with a vowel letter
- a, e, i, o, and u.
Example:
an eagle, an egg, an umbrella, an orange, etc.
• The rule however doesn’t apply for ‘hour’,
‘honest’, ‘F’, and ‘one-wheel’ . It is because
they do not have vowel sounds when spoken.
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Example:
Ali was frustrated because he has an F in
Science.
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 ARTICLE ‘the’
• In a sentence, ‘the’ is used before a singular,
plural, countable, or uncountable noun.
• We use ‘the’ to refer to:
1) specific person, thing, animal, or place.
Example:
- Zara is angry with the boys.
- The boy had stolen my money.
2) someone or something unique
(one and only one).
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Example:
- The Prime Minister is giving a speech.
- The sun shines brightly.
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 ARTICLE ‘the’
• We use ‘the’ when we refer to someone or
something for the second time.
Example:
Zara went to school. (First time)
The school is near her house (Second Time)
There lived an old man. (First time)
The old man is a fisherman (Second Time)
• ‘the’ is also used in front of a superlative
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adjective. Example:
Elena is the prettiest girl in her class.
The biggest animal is whale.
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 ZERO ARTICLE
• We can’t use any articles before a specific
name of a person, diseases, meals, sports,
cities and some countries.
Example:
1) I saw Zara at the playground.
2) My uncle is studying in Australia.
3) He had finished his breakfast.
4) Hakim likes to play football.
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5) Ammar celebrated Hari Raya with his

family and relatives.
6) Elena bought herself Cadbury.
7) His cousin has cancer.
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 SPECIAL CASE
• We can use ‘a’ and ‘an’ before some nouns
that are countable and uncountable.
Example: light, noise, time.
1) The room is dark.
I need some lights here.
I need a light.
3) The children make some noise.
4) Ali makes a noise outside my house.
• We can also use ‘some’ before a noun that is
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countable or uncountable noun.

Example:
1) I want some rice.
2) I want some chocolates too.
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 Sirplz Collections

Quantifiers are used to

describe the quantity
of nouns. The words
‘many’, ‘some’, ‘several’,
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‘a lot of’, ‘a little’, etc.

are quantifiers.

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 QUANTIFIERS
• For countable noun, we can use the words like
many, a few, several, and more to express
quantity.
Example: There are many birds on the tree.
• For uncountable noun, we can use the words
like a little, much, and less to express quantity.
Example:
There isn’t much sugar left in the jar.
•
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For both, countable and uncountable nouns, we

can use words like some, a lot of, plenty, etc.
to express quantity.
Example:
Zara buys herself some chocolates.
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 Sirplz Collections

Pronouns are words that

replace nouns. There are
several types of pronouns:
Personal Pronouns, Reflexive
Pronouns, Relative Pronouns,
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Possessive Pronouns,
Demonstrative Pronouns,
and Interrogative Pronouns
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 PRONOUNS
• A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun.
• Similar to Nouns, pronouns can play role, both
as a subject and an object. Example:
Subject Verb Object -
Complement
Ali and his friends played football
They play it yesterday.
My family and I are going to Cherating.
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We will go there by bus.

Zara had breakfast.
She ate it with her sister.
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 PERSONAL PRONOUNS
• Personal pronoun are Subject
words to replace nouns. Pronouns and
• Example: Object Pronouns
1) Hakim has a cat. are called
He names it Puteh. Personal
2) Zara ate breakfast. Pronouns
She ate it in the dining room.
3) I am eight years old.
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I live in Kampung Mesah.

4) Zara and Ammar are good friends.
They share the same hobby.
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 PERSONAL PRONOUNS TABLE
Subject Noun Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun
I I me
You You You
Ali He him
Siti She her
Siti and I We us
Ali and Siti They them
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The cat It it
An apple It it
Kuala Lumpur It it
Swimming It it
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 EXAMPLE

Subject V+Prep. Object Complement

I saw Mira yesterday.
I saw her yesterday.

Subject V+Prep. Object Complement

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Mira will see Hakim today.

She will see him today.

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 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
• A possessive pronoun
shows belonging or
possession.
• It is used at the end Possessive Possessive
of a sentence, usually Pronoun Adjective
after a verb phrase. mine my
Example: ours our
It is mine. yours your
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(possessive pronoun) his his

This is my pencil. her her
(possessive adjectives) its its
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 REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
• A relative pronoun shows the subject and the
object of a verb is the same person.
• The words usually end with –self or –selves
such myself, yourself, yourselves, himself,
herself, themselves, ourselves, and itself.
Example:
1) He blamed himself for his failure.
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2) Zara booked herself a hotel room.

• Intensive pronouns show emphasis to an action.
Example: I, myself is doing it.

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 RELATIVE PRONOUNS
• Relative pronouns are used to join sentences.
• They replace the nouns and the other
pronouns.
• Example:
That is the man who I met yesterday.
Ali is a boy who loves camping.
This is the cat which I wanted to own.
The man whom I talked to just now is my uncle.
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This is the place where I called home.

That is the crocodile that ate a man.
The car which was stolen yesterday has been
found just now.
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 RELATIVE PRONOUNS

who refer to someone.

whose refer to someone or something
whom refer to someone who receives an action.
which refer to something
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that refer to something.

where refer to a specific place.
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 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
• Demonstrative pronoun takes place of a noun
or noun phrase that has already been
mentioned.
• We use demonstrative pronoun to show how
near and how far the object of a sentence is.
Example:
- This is a cat. (singular object/ near)
- These are my cats. (plural objects/ near)
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- That is my father. (singular object/ far)

- Those cats are mine. (plural objects/ far)
- These are my parents (plural objects/ near)
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 Sirplz Collections

Adjectives are words to

describe people, things,
animals, plants, places, and
buildings. There are seven
types of adjectives :
Descriptive, Quantitative,
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Qualitative, Possessive,
Interrogative, Distributive,
and Articles
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 ADJECTIVES
• Positive Adjectives, Comparative Adjectives, and
Superlative Adjectives are Descriptive
Adjectives.
• The descriptive adjectives describe nouns by
their appearances, qualities, quantities, sizes,
touches, tastes, or condition.
• Quantifiers like many, much, plenty, a lot of,
some, etc. are Quantitative Adjectives.
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• A demonstrative adjective describes which

nouns or pronouns you are referring to. These
adjectives include words ‘this’, ‘that’, these’,
and ‘those’
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 COMMON POSITIVE ADJECTIVES
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Graphics: kids@page.com 44
 COMMON POSITIVE ADJECTIVES
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Graphics: kids@page.com 45
 COMMON POSITIVE ADJECTIVES
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Graphics: kids@page.com 46
 LIST OF ADJECTIVES (1)
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 LIST OF ADJECTIVE (2)
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 LIST OF ADJECTIVE (3)
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 DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES
• A demonstrative adjective describes which
nouns or pronouns you are referring to. These
adjectives include words ‘this’, ‘that’, these’,
and ‘those’.
Examples:
This This is a cat (singular noun/ close).
That That is a cat (singular noun/ far)
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These These are two cats (plural noun/ close)

Those Those are two cats (plural noun/ far)
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 INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES
• Interrogating means asking for information. So,
interrogative adjectives are words used to ask
questions.
• These adjectives must be followed by a noun or
pronoun to form questions.
• Which
Examples:
Which place will you go during the
school holidays?
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What What pet do you want to keep at

home?
Whose Whose child is this?
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 DISTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVES
• Distributive adjectives describe specific
members out of a group.
• These adjectives are used to single out one or
more individual items or people.
Examples:
each I will give these books to each of you.
every Everyone is busy doing his job.
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any It doesn’t matter. I will take any of

them.

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 COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
• Adjectives take different forms when two or
more nouns are compared with one another.
• There are three degree of comparisons.
1. Positive (comparing two, equal nouns)
2. Comparative (comparing two, unequal nouns)
3. Superlative (comparing three or more nouns)
Example:
a. He is as big as a monster. (positive degree)
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b. He is bigger than me. (comparative)

c. His watch is more expensive than Ali’s
(comparative)
d. The tallest mountain in the world is Mount
Everest (superlative)
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 COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
Positive Comparative Superlative
as big as bigger than the biggest
as small as smaller than the smallest
as thin as thinner than the thinnest
as fat as fatter than the fattest
as short as shorter than the shortest
as comfortable as more comfortable than the most comfortable
as expensive as more expensive than the most expensive
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as good as better than the most

as bad as more than the best
as many as worse than the worst

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 Sirplz Collections

Verbs are words that

express actions and
state-of-beings. There
are three types of
verbs : Action Verbs,
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Helping Verbs, and

Linking Verbs.

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 ACTION VERBS
• Action verbs are verbs that express action
Example:
eat, give, walk, run, play, etc.
or possession
Example: have, own, belong, etc.
• Action verbs can be transitive or intransitive.
- Transitive means verb that has an object
(direct object/ indirect object/ both)
Example:
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Elena raises her hands.

Elena gives her mother a flower.
_ Intransitive means verb that has no object.
Example : Elena walks slowly to school.
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 COMMON VERBS
• Imagine what you can do with your body parts
(do means actions!)
My eyes can see, observe, watch, look, wake,
sleep, stare, describe, etc.
My mouth can eat, drink, talk, speak, tell, scold,
inform, report, shout, scream,
read, lick, sing, wish, blow, etc.
My hands can Take, touch, carry, hold, write,
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fly, fish, put, water, grow, plant,

feed, do, draw, colour, steal,
borrow, lend, cook, stir, add,
wash, clean, trim, tidy, raise,
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 COMMON VERBS
My hands can lift, brush, comb, grill, pitch,
decorate, catch, open, close,
begin, finish, complete, collect,
toss, play, spend, study, etc.
My head and my think, calculate, count, solve,
heart can decide, seem, like, feel, etc.
My legs can move, jump, hop, walk, run,
crawl, kick, stand, go, travel,
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cycle, ride, start, end, compete,

take part, join, dance, come,
return, trip, fell, visit, stroll,
swim, sit, kneel, etc.
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 COMMON VERBS
My ears can hear, listen, etc.
My neck can bow, respect, etc.

Which body part does these actions?

shake, wave, buy, pay, choose, select, get,
sweep, clear, help, assist, find, stop,
approach, gather, win, loose, regret, thank,
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pass, lock, leave, meet, etc.

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 EVERY DAY VERBS
Zara gets up at 6.00 a.m. She switches on
the lamp and turns off the fan. Later, she pulls
the curtains and opens the windows.
After that, Zara goes to the bathroom. Just
before that, she took her towel and took off her
pyjama. She threw her pyjama into the basket. Her
mother reminds her to make her bed before
shower. In the bathroom, Zara brushes her teeth.
Then, she has a bath. She shampoos her hair and
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rubs her body. She applies some soap and cleans

her face. After shower, she dries herself up. She
gets out the toilet and walks towards the closet.
She selects her favourite blouse and skirt.
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 EVERY DAY VERBS
She pulls the drawer. She chooses her favourite
talcum. Then, she sprays herself her favourite
perfume. Zara looks for her watch. She searches it
high and low. Finally, Zara notices it under her bed.
She tries to reach the watch but she can’t. She
crawls under her bed and she gets it.
More regular and irregular verbs
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from the List of Action Verbs.

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 REGULAR VS. IRREGULAR VERBS
• Verbs can regular or irregular. Regular verbs
form their past and past participle forms by
adding –d, or –ed to the action verbs.
• Example:
walk-walked, dance-danced
• Irregular verbs form their past tense and past
participle tense forms in different ways.
1) Present = Past = Participle
Example : cut-cut-cut refer
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2) Present ≠ Past = Participle List of

Example: play-played-played Action
3) Present ≠ Past ≠ Participle Verbs
Example: drink-drank-drunken
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 LIST OF REGULAR VERBS
Root Verb Past Participle
Accept Accepted Accepted
Act Acted Acted
Achieve Achieved Achieved
Admire Admired Admired
Advise Advised Advised
Affect Affected Affected
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Agree Agreed Agreed

Amaze Amazed Amazed
Amuse Amused Amused
Answer Answered Answered
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 LIST OF REGULAR VERBS
Root Verb Past Participle
Arrange Arranged Arranged
Arrive Arrived Arrived
Ask Asked Asked
Attack Attacked Attacked
Bake Baked Baked
Behave Behaved Behaved
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Believe Believed Believed

Belong Belonged Belonged
Blame Blamed Blamed
Borrow Borrowed Borrowed
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 LIST OF REGULAR VERBS
Root Verb Past Participle
Carry Carried Carried
Cause Caused Caused
Celebrate Celebrated Celebrated
Clean Cleaned Cleaned
Clear Cleared Cleared
Climb Climbed Climbed
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Close Closed Closed

Compare Compared Compared
Compete Competed Competed
Contain Contained Contained
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 LIST OF REGULAR VERBS
Root Verb Past Participle
Carry Carried Carried
Cause Caused Caused
Celebrate Celebrated Celebrated
Clean Cleaned Cleaned
Clear Cleared Cleared
Climb Climbed Climbed
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Close Closed Closed

Compare Compared Compared
Compete Competed Competed
Contain Contained Contained
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 LIST OF REGULAR VERBS
Root Verb Past Participle
Carry Carried Carried
Cause Caused Caused
Celebrate Celebrated Celebrated
Clean Cleaned Cleaned
Clear Cleared Cleared
Climb Climbed Climbed
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Close Closed Closed

Compare Compared Compared
Compete Competed Competed
Contain Contained Contained
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 LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS
Root Verb Past Participle
arise arose arisen
awake awoke awakened
be was, were been
bear bore born
beat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
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bend bent bent

bet bet bet
bid (farewell) bid / bade bidden
bid (bid amount) bid bid
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 LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS
Root Verb Past Participle
bind bound bound
bite bit bitten
bleed bled bled
blow blew blown
break broke broken
breed bred bred
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bring brought brought

broadcast broadcasted broadcast
build built built
bind bound bound
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 LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS
Root Verb Past Participle
deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
dive dove dived
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamed dreamt
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drink drank drunk

drive drove driven
dwell dwelled dwelt
eat ate eaten
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 LINKING VERBS
• A linking verb connects the subject of a
sentence to a noun or adjective.
Example:
- Tun Dr Mahathir is our Prime Minister.
- Zara became successful.
- Ammar feels dizzy.
• These words are common linking verbs: appear,
feel, look, remain, stay, taste, continue, grow,
prove, sound, smell, turn, is, am, was, are, and
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were
• The structure of a sentence that contains
linking verb is Subject – LV – Noun or Adj.
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 HELPING VERBS
• Helping verbs (or auxiliary verbs) are used
before action verbs and linking verbs.
• Helping verbs give additional information about
the actions such as they show the ability,
possibility, etc. (can, will, etc.) or time (be,
have, do).
• Modals (can, could, may, might, must, shall,
should, will, would, ought to) always function as
helping verbs.
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• Verb to-be (am, is, are, was, were, being,

been); Verb-to-have (has, have, had); and
Verb-to-do (does, do, did) can function as
helping verbs or linking verbs.
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 VERB-TO-BE (VTB)
• Verb-to-be (VTB) is used to tell something
about someone or something.
Example:
1) I am going to school now.
2) She is buying a book.
3) He is doing his homework.
4) They are visiting their grandparents.
5) We are going for a camping.
6) The monkey is eating the banana.
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7) While he was cycling, Ali saw a cat.

• VTB + Action Verb-ing = Present Continuous
Tense and Past Continuous Tense.
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 VERBS-TO-HAVE
• As the main verb, to have implies the meaning
of possession.
Example:
1) I have a cat.
2) I have my breakfast.
3) I have a shower every day.
• As a helping verb, VTH creates the Present
Perfect Tense or Past Perfect Tense.
Example:
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Present : I have been eating now.

Past : I had been eating just now.
Perfect : I have told you about her.
74
 VERB-TO-DO (VTD)
• As a helping verb, VTD can be used to form a
question in the Simple Present Tense or Simple
Past Tense.
Example:
Do you like cats?
As a intransitive, it replaces the main verb.
Example:
You should know about that more than I do.
(Do = know)
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• As a helping verb, VTD can be used to form a

question tag.
Example:
You did well, didn’t you?
75
 VERB-TO-DO
• As a transitive verb, VTD shows an action.
Example:
He always do his homework by himself.
• As a question, VTD indicates the tense to be
used to answer the question.
Example:
(Q) Where did you go?
(A) I went to Langkawi.
(Q) How did you come here?
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(A) I took a bus.

Note:
Do/ does/ did refer to an action
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 Sirplz Collections

Verb tenses show the time of

actions. There are 12 forms of
Verb Tenses: the Simple
Present Tense, the Simple Past
Tense, the Simple Future Tense,
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Present Continuous Tense, Past

Continuous Tense, Present
Perfect Tense, Past Perfect
Tense ……. what else?
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 VERB TENSES TABLE

Tense Past Present Future

Simple ate eat will eat

eats
will be
Continuous was eating am eating eating
will have
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Perfect had eaten have eaten eaten

Perfect had been have been will have
Continuous eating eating been eating
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 DEFINITION OF THE VERB TENSES?
Simple Describe actions that happen right now
Present or actions that are continuous.
Tense
Simple Describe actions that have already
Past Tense happened.
Simple Describe actions that have yet to
Future happen.
Tense
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Describe actions that are and

Present not happening now, temporarily, that are
Continuous repeatedly, or happening in the near
Tense future.
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 DEFINITION OF VERB TENSES
Past Describe actions that were happening
Continuous at some point in the past.
Tense
Describe the past event that
Present been completed, the unfinished has
Perfect actions, multiple actions at different
Tense times, or asking about life experience.
Past Describe the past event that has
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Perfect been completed before something

Tense else happened.

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 THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
• The Simple Present Tense is used to talk about
habitual actions, fact, future plans, or in
questions.
• Habitual Actions
Example:
1) I go to school by bus.
2) Zara often goes to school by bus.
3) I ride my bike every day.
4) On Saturdays, Elena goes swimming
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• Facts
Example:
1) The sun rises in the east.
2) Jupiter is the biggest planet.
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 THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
• Action happen at the time of speaking
Example:
1) Elena visits her friends in Ipoh.
2) I live in Kampung Mesah.
• Future Plans
Example:
1) The event starts at 9.00 p.m.
2) I will stay home if it rains tomorrow.
• Questions
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Example:
1) Do you like tea or coffee?
2) Are you going to school?
3) What colour is an apple?
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 THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
When we use Subject Verb
the Simple Verb+s
Present Singular Noun Verb+es
Tense, we Pronouns (refer to SV
must 3rd speaker, singular agreement
determine rules)
quantity of Plural Noun
the subject in Pronouns
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a sentence. 1st speaker, singular Root Verb

Subject and 2nd speaker, singular
Verb must 1st, 2nd , 3rd speaker,
always agree. plural
83
 MORE EXAMPLE
• My father works at SK Tembila.
Note: Facts
• Zara washes her shoes every weekend.
Note : Habitual Actions
• I eat an apple every day.
Note : Habitual Actions
• Do you like cats?
Note : Question
• Ali sleeps now.
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Note: Action at the time of speaking

• He leaves for Kuala Lumpur tomorrow
Note: Future Plans
84
 THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
• The Simple Past Tense is used for actions that
took place in the past or the actions that have
been finished or completed.
Example:
1) I went to a clinic yesterday.
2) Zara took part in the drawing competition
last weekend.
3) Ammar broke his arm in an accident.
4) Elena studied in her room last night.
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5) The Prime Minister visited us yesterday.

6) Fatimah wrote her a letter.
7) He himself blew the birthday candles.
85
 THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
When we use the Simple Past Tense, we must define
the action verbs. Action verbs can be regular or
irregular. • Regular Verbs are verbs
Subject Verb that end with –d or –ed.
Usually, the past tense
Singular Regular form follow the past
Noun Verb participle form.
Plural or • Irregular Verbs are verbs
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Noun Irregular that are usually different

Pronoun Verb from the regular verbs.
Usually the past tense of
irregular verb is different
to past participle form.
86
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
• The Present Continuous Tense is used to talk
about actions that are happening at the time
of speaking.
• We also use it to talk about future plans and
to show habits.
Example:
1) He is playing football.
2) The boys are watching television.
3) She is going for Kuching next week.
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4) Zara is leaving tomorrow.

5) She is always borrowing my pencils.
6) Elena and Zara are always quarrelling.
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 PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
• The Present Continuous Tense is used to talk
about actions that was ongoing in the past.
Example:
1) Hakim was playing at the playground.
2) The sun was shining brightly in the sky.
• We also use it to talk about two activities that
were happening at the same time.
Example:
1) While Ammar was sleeping, his mother was
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cooking.
2) Zara was studying while her sister, Elena
was reading.
88
 PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
• We can also use it to talk about an action
happened while something else was going on.
Example:
1) The telephone rang while I was reading.
2) Zara and Ammar were talking to each other
while Elena fell down.
• We may use it to express a habit that
happened in the past.
Example:
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1) Elena was always making trouble.

2) Elena’s mother was always scolding her.

89
 THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
• The Simple Future Tense is used to tell about a
future action.
Example:
1) Zara will come to visit me.
2) We shall visit you next week.
Remember :
- Use ‘shall’ with I and We only.
- Use ‘will’ with other nouns or pronouns.
• Another way to show the future action is using
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‘going to’. The phrasal verb is used to talk

about a planned action.
Example:
SK Mesah is going to hold Teacher’s Day.
90
 THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
• We can also use it to talk about something that
is certain to happen.
Example:
1) It is going to rain tomorrow.
2) My cousin is going to the United States
next month.
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91
 THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
• The Present Perfect Tense is used to tell about
an action that has happened but the time is not
mentioned.
Example:
1) Elena has slept.
2) Hakim and Ammar have gone home.
• We can use it to show an action that began in
the past but continues to the present. Usually,
we use ‘since’, ‘for’, ‘ever’, and ‘never’.
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Example:
1) We have been staying here since 2005.
2) I have never seen you here before.
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 THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
• The Past Perfect Tense is used to tell about an
action that has happened or was completed
before another action took place.
Example:
1) After have had her breakfast, Elena went out.
2) Ammar watched television when he had
completed his homework.
• Words like ‘when’ are ‘after’ commonly used in
the past perfect tense form.
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93
 SIGNAL WORDS
Tense Signal Words
always, every, never, normally, now
Present and then, occasionally, often, rarely,
seldom, sometimes, usually, etc.
Past Yesterday, last month, when, ago, in
2015, this morning, once, one day
Future Will, shall be, will be
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At the moment,
Continuous now, this morning now, just now, right

since,
Perfect never. for, already, yet, just, ever, and
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 MODAL VERBS
Modal verbs are used
with action verbs to
express ability, obligation,
possibility or other
functions such as making
request, giving permission,
asking for permission,
making offer, etc. Words
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‘can’, ‘could’, ‘may’,

‘might’, ‘will’, ‘would’,
‘must’, ‘ought to’ and
‘should’ show modality.
 THE USES OF MODAL VERBS
Modal Function Example
can To express ability I can speak English.
can To offer help Can I help you?
can To ask for permission Can I go out now?
may To express possibility I may visit you.
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may To ask for permission May I go out now?

must To express obligation I must go to school.
should To give advice You should read.
96
 THE USES OF MODAL VERBS
Modal Function Example
would To ask about Would you like tea
preference or coffee?
would To show necessity I would like to help
you.
would To make suggestion If I were you, I
would go to school.
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ought To express uncertain The police might

catch the thief.
could To express ability (in I could help you
the past tense) with your English.
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 LINKING VERBS
• Linking verb is a verb that describe subject by
connecting it to the predicate adjective or
predicate noun.
• Words ‘is’, ‘feel’, ‘become’, ‘appear’, ‘look’,
‘am’, ‘are’, ‘come’, ‘fell’, ‘stay’, ‘seem’, ‘taste’,
‘remain’, etc. are linking verbs.
• Example
1) feel : Hakim feels dizzy.
2) is : Hakim’s parents are teachers.
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3) become : He becomes a successful person.

4) appear: He appears thin.
5) look : He looks skinny.
6) am : I am seven years old.
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 LINKING VERBS
•
7) stay: His cats has dead but he stayed calm.
8) fell : Elena fell asleep.
9) come: He was acquitted from the charges.
Now, he came clean.
10) seem: The food seems tasty.
11) taste: The coffee tastes bitter.
12) remain: Hakim was accused of stealing but
he remained silent.
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 Sirplz Collections

Adverbs are words to

describe how something
happens. They modify the
verbs, adjectives, and the
other adverbs. There are
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three types of adverbs:

Adverbs of time, adverbs
of manner, and adverbs of
frequency.
100
 TYPES OF ADVERBS
• Adverbs perform a wide of functions. However,
it is easy to spot an adverb in a sentence. For
example: word end with –ly.
• To help you fully understand with adverbs, ask
yourself with these questions.
1) When? She arrives home late.
Type of adverbs : Adverb of Time
2) How? She always arrives home late.
Type of adverbs : Adverb of Frequency
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3) In what way? She walks slowly

Type of adverbs : Adverb of Manner
4) To what extent: She walks very slowly
Type of adverbs : Adverb of Manner.
101
 ADVERBS OF MANNER
• Adverb of manner tells us how the action is
done. It is formed by adding –ly to the
adjectives. Example:
1) My mother talks to me softly.
2) We walked to school quickly.
3) He asked something politely.
4) She danced on the stage gracefully.
5) Hakim ran fast.
6) The birds flew swiftly.
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7) The durian are abundantly here.

8) Mira sang to her friends sweetly.
9) Hakim walks to school slowly.
102
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
• Adverb of frequency tells us how often the
action is done.
Example:
1) We often go fishing on Sunday.
2) He usually comes here in the morning.
3) Sara always win the drawing contest.
4) Yusof seldom reads comics.
5) Elena had never came here before.
6) Zara likes to make joke but sometimes, she
goes too far.
7) He used to live here before.
8) Adeera won the singing contest once.
103
 ADVERBS OF TIME
• Adverb of time tells us something happen,
something is going to happen, or something had
happened.
Example:
1) I ate my breakfast when she arrived.
2) Hakim will sleep after 10.00 p.m.
3) Before sleeping, Zara hugs her mother.
4) After 10.00 p.m., the pupils return home.
5) She washes her dishes after eating.
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6) While he was walking, he saw a dog.

7) As he arrived at the beach, they found
themselves a perfect spot.
8) He cried when he found his cat dead.
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 LIST OF ADVERBS
abnormally badly calmly daily
accidentally beautifully carelessly dearly
acidly bitterly cautiously deceivingly
actually bleakly certainly delightfully
adventurously blindly cheerfully deeply
afterwards blissfully clearly defiantly
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almost boastfully cleverly deliberately

always boldly closely delightfully
angrily bravely carefully diligently

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 Sirplz Collections

A preposition links
something to something
else. In a sentence, it is
used before a noun or
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pronoun.

106
 TYPES OF PREPOSITIONS
• There are five types of prepositions.
1) Preposition of Location or Place
Example: Zara is studying in her room.
2) Preposition of Direction
Example: Zara goes to school.
3) Preposition of Time
Example: The class begins at 8.00 a.m.
4) Preposition of Accompaniment
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Example: Zara plays netball with Elena.

5) Preposition of Purpose
Example 1: Elena went to a park for a jog.
Example 2 : Elena went to a park to jog.
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 PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION
• Preposition of directions shows where
someone is going or coming from.
Example:
1) Hakim is climbing up the stairs.
2) Zara is walking down the stair.
3) The bird flew through the window.
4) The dog jumped over the fence.
5) Zara strolled along the beach yesterday.
6) Elena goes to school.
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7) My father went past the school.

8) My uncle took off his T-shirt.
9) Farid is swimming across the river.
108
 PREPOSITIONS OF LOCATION
• A preposition of location is used to refer to a
place or someone or something is located.
Sometimes, it is called preposition of position.
Example:
1. The bird is on the tree.
2. The bird is perching on the branch.
3. The bird is flying in the sky.
4. The mouse is under the tree.
5. The butterflies flutter above the flowers.
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6. The boys are playing near the tree.

7. Elena is laying a mat under a shady tree.
8. Her mother sits on the mat.
9. My father works at HSNZ.
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 PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
• Preposition of Time is used to indicate the
time of an action is taken place. Words ‘in’,
‘on’, ‘at’, and ‘during’ show preposition of time.
Example:
1) I was born in 2005.
2) My father celebrates his birthday in July.
3) During the school holidays, Hakim and his
family went to see his grandparents.
4) Halim gets up at 6.00 o’clock.
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5) On Saturdays, I play football.

6) I play football on Saturday.
7) We will go to the cinema at night.
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 PREPOSITIONS OF ACCOMPANIMENT
• Preposition of accompaniment describes
accompaniment. The sentence usually has word
‘with’
Example:
1. Zara goes for a walk with me.
2. Hakim sleeps on the bed with his brother
3. Elena is playing with Zara.
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111
 PREPOSITIONS OF PURPOSE
• Preposition of purpose describes the purpose
of an action. The sentence usually has word
‘for’, ‘to’, ‘by’, and ‘in order to’
Example:
1) Zara goes to Cherating for a picnic.
2) Maryam went for a walk.
3) Elena uses a pole to pluck some rambutans.
4) Ali used a sickle to trim the hedges.
5) Hakim goes to school by bus.
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6) Encik Ali had to go to the sea in order to

earn a living with his family.
7) We must study hard in order to succeed.
112
 WHERE IS THE MAN?
A B C
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Complete the sentences.

A. The man is standing _________ the ball.
B. The man is standing _____________ the ball.
C. The man is standing ______________ the table.
113
 WHERE IS THE MAN?
A B C
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Complete the sentences.

A. The man is laying _________ the ball.
B. The man is standing _____________ the drum.
C. The man is standing ______________ the flower trees.
114
 WHERE IS THE MAN?
A B C
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Complete the sentences.

A. The man is sitting _________ the box.
B. The man is standing _____________ the chair.
C. The man is standing ______________ from the chair.
115
 WHERE IS THE MAN?
A B C
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Complete the sentences.

A. The cloud is _____________ the man.
B. The man is _____________ the cloud.
C. The man is standing ______________ the trees.
116
 WHERE IS THE BIRD?
A B C
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Complete the sentences.

A. The bird is _________ the man.
B. The bird is flying _____________ the man.
C. The bird is flying ______________ the box.
117
117
 WHERE IS THE BIRD?
A B C
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Complete the sentences.

A. The man is sitting _________ the box.
B. The man is standing _____________ the chair.
C. The man is standing ______________ from the chair.
118
 WHERE IS THE BIRD?
A B C
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Complete the sentences.

A. The bird is flying _________ the box.
B. The bird is flying _____________ the stairs.
C. The bird is flying ______________ the stairs.
119
 WHERE IS THE BIRD?
A B C
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Complete the sentences.

A. The bird is flying around _________ the bird house.
B. The bird is flying _____________ the bird house.
C. The bird is flying ______________ the bird house.
120
120
 WHERE ARE THEY?
A B C
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Complete the sentences.

A. The ball is rolling _________ the road.
B. The ball is rolling _____________ the road.
C. The is flying ______________ the hole.
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 Sirplz Collections

A conjunction
joins two words,
phrases, clauses,
and sentences
together.
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122
 CONJUNCTIONS
3 types of conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions
Connect two main clauses.
Connectors : for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Subordinating Conjunctions
Connect subordinate to the main clause.
Connectors : because, since, as, although, though,
while, whereas, until, after
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Correlative Conjunctions
A pair of conjunctions that works together.
Connectors : either-or, neither-nor, etc.
123
 COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Read the passage.
Siti Nurhaliza is my favourite singer.
I love her, for she can sing sweetly. My family and
friends also like her. Siti Nurhaliza hasn’t taken
singing lessons, nor she does need it to. She is
popular but humble. While she is performing, she
can fill me with joy, or she can bring me to tears.
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Other singers have tried to imitate her, yet they

have not succeeded. Siti Nurhaliza is gifted with her
strong and sultry voice, so she will attract her fans
for many years to come.
 THE FANBOYS
Type Clauses Combine
F or 1) Hakim studies Hakim studies hard,
hard. for he has an
2) Hakim has an examination.
examination.
A nd 1) Zara plays toys. Zara and Elena play
2) Elena plays toys. toys.
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N or 1) Hakim did not Hakim did not speak

speak English. English, nor he did
2) Hakim did not do well in the test.
well in the test.
125
 THE FANBOYS
Type Clauses Combine
B ut 1) Yusof is not Yusof is not feeling
feeling well. well but he is going
2) He is going to to school.
school.
O r 1) Do you like tea? Do you like tea or
2) Do you like coffee?
coffee?
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Y et 1) Yusof was sick. Yusof was sick yet

2) Yusof did not see he did not see the
the doctor. doctor.
126
 THE FANBOYS
Type Clauses Combine
S o 1) Yusof is sick Yusof is sick so he
2) He is going to the is going to the clinic.
clinic.
F For Reason
A And Addition
N Nor Disconjunction
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B But contrast
O Or Option
Y Yet Non-caused effect
S so Cause - effect
127
 SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
• Subordinating conjunctions are words that join
the dependent clause to the independent
clause.
• Dependent clause is a sentence that has
subject, verb, and object but it can’t stand
alone to form a complete thought.
Example: Because she saw a ghost,
• Independent clause is a sentence that has a
subject, verb, and object to form a complete
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thought.
Example: Elena ran fast.
• Complete thought: Because she saw a ghost,
Elena ran fast.
128
 SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
• A subordinating conjunctions show cause-effect
relationship, a contrast, or some other kind of
relationship between the two clauses.
Example 1
DC : Since Zara came here.
IDC : she has more friends.
Combine : Since Zara came here, she has more
friends.
Example 2
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DC : Adeera waits.
IDC : Adeera’s family comes to fetch her.
Combine : Adeera waits until her family comes
to fetch her.
129
 CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
• Correlative conjunctions are used to join two
main clauses together. They work in pair, for
example ‘either____or’, ‘neither____nor’, or ‘not
only____but also’.
Example 1
MC1 : SKSB won the action song competition.
MC2 : The school won the best costumes.
Combine:
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Not only SKSB won the action song

competition, but also, the school won the
costumes.
130
 SIGNAL WORDS FOR CONJUNCTIONS
Coordinating for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Conjunctions
after, although, as, as if, as long
as, as much as, as soon as,
Subordinating because, before, by the time,
Conjunctions even though, if, once, only, only if,
provided that, since, so, that,
though, unless, until, when,
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whereas, while
Correlative either/or, neither/nor, not
Conjunctions only/but, whether/or
131
 MATCH THE SENTENCES TO THE
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Neither Hakim nor Zara Subordinating

likes vegetables. Conjunctions

Ali was frustrated, for Coordinating

he failed his examination. Conjunctions
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As Hani blew out the Correlative

candles, she caught her Conjunctions
hair on fire.
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 Sirplz Collections

A question word is used

to ask a question about
someone or something.
We always use words
such as who, what,
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where, when, which,

whose, whom, why and
how to interrogate.
133
 QUESTION WORDS
Word Functions
Who Ask about someone
Example:
1) Who is your favourite teacher?
2) Who are your best friends?
3) Who is sitting next to you?
What Ask about specific information?
Example:
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1) What is your name?

2) What time is the bus coming?
3) What size are your shoes?
4) What is the day today?
134
 QUESTION WORDS
Word Functions
Where Ask about a place
Example:
1) Where is Elena?
2) Where are you from?
3) Where is the library?
When Ask about time/ occasion
Example:
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1) When do schools open?

2) When is your birthday?
3) When is the National Day?
4) When will you come here?
135
 QUESTION WORDS
Word Functions
Which Ask about choice or preference
Example:
1) Which book did you borrow?
2) Which day do your prefer?
3) Which is better? This one or that one?
Why Ask for the reason/ explanation
Example:
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1) Why is the boy crying?

2) Why are you always late?
3) Why did he do that?
4) Why did you scold her?
136
 QUESTION WORDS
Word Functions
How Ask about manner / something is done
Example:
1) How do you make a kite?
2) How does you know him?
3) How can I learn English quickly?
How Ask about quantity
Example:
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old 1) How old are you?

many 2) How many days are there in a week?
much 3) How many pencils do you have?
4) How much money do you have?
137
 QUESTION WORDS
Word Functions
How Ask about frequency
often Example:
1) How often you visit your grandparents?
2) How often are you sick?
3) How often do you eat?
How Ask about quantity
many Example:
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1) How old are you?

How 2) How many days are there in a week?
much 3) How many pencils do you have?
4) How much money you have in the bank?
138
 QUESTION WORDS
Word Functions
How far Ask about the distance
Example:
1) How far is Marang from here?
2) How far is your school from here?
3) How far is the Sun from the Earth?
How long Ask about the duration/ length
Example:
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1) How long have you know your friend?

2) How long will you take to complete
the task?
3) How long is Pahang River?
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 QUESTION WORDS
Word Functions
Whose Ask about possession
Example:
1) Whose book is this?
2) Whose cat is purring outside?
3) Whose phone keeps ringing?
Whom Ask about object pronoun
Example:
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1) Whom are you going to invite?

2) Whom did you speak to?
3) Whom do you want to play with?
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 QUESTION WORDS
Word Functions
Whose Ask about possession
Example:
1) Whose book is this?
2) Whose cat is purring outside?
3) Whose phone keeps ringing?
4) Whose son went missing?
Whom Ask about object pronoun
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Example:
1) Whom are you going to invite?
2) Whom did you speak to?
3) Whom do you want to play with?
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 YES / NO QUESTIONS
Word Functions
Are Are you coming tomorrow?
Is Is he coming tomorrow?
Am Am I going to do this?
Do Do you like cats?
Does Does he like cats?
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Did Did he come yesterday?

Has Has he came here?
Have Have you got a cat?
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 YES / NO QUESTIONS
Word Functions
Are Are you coming tomorrow?
Is Is he coming tomorrow?
Am Am I going to do this?
Do Do you like cats?
Does Does he like cats?
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Did Did he come yesterday?

Has Has he came home?
Have Have you got a cat?
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 YES / NO QUESTIONS
Word Functions
Had Had you ever seen him before?
Have got Have you got blue eyes?
Has got Has she got black hair?
Is there Is there a cat in the house?
Are there Are there three snakes in the zoo?
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Can Can you borrow me your books?

Could Could you please help me?
Will Will you come to my house?
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 YES / NO QUESTIONS
Word Functions
Would Would you like, tea or coffee?
Should Should I tell him earlier?
Shall Shall we go now?
Must Must I help him?
Sentence Structure for WH Question
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QW – Helping Words – Subject – Verb – Object

When is he coming to school?
Sentence Structure for Yes/No Question
Modal – Subject – Verb – Object
Did you go to school?
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 Sirplz Collections

Question tags is used

when you want
someone to agree or
disagree
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 QUESTION TAGS
• Forms of questions tags are as follows:
Positive Statement – Question Tag Negative
Example:
1) You are okay, aren’t you?
2) You came here yesterday, didn’t you?
3) Hakim is a boy, isn’t he?
4) You have got blue eyes, haven’t you?
5) They play football on Sundays, don’t they?
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6) He can cook, can’t he?

7) You should win, shouldn’t you?
8) She isn’t sick, is she?
9) Elena hasn’t won the contest, has she?
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Subject – Verb Agreement

is a requirement that a
subject and verb of a
clause or sentence must
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match in person or
number, whether singular
or plural.
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 RULES OF SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
• Rule 1 : Subject and verb must agree in number.
Example: SS-SV
The dog growls.
• Rule 2 : The word that comes between subject
and verb do not affect agreement.
Example: SS – SV
Elena always wins the competition.
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• Rule 3 : Prepositional phrases do not affect

the agreement
Example: PS - PV
The colours of the rainbow are beautiful.
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 RULES OF SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
• Rule 4 : Subject don’t always come before
verb.
Example: What day is it today?
• Rule 5 : TiTa
Example: There is a boy.
Example: There are two boys.
• Rule 6 : Two subjects are joined by ‘and’, they
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become plural
Example: Anif and Aniq are playing football at
the field.
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 RULES OF SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
• Rule 7 : Uncountable noun is regarded as a
single subject.
Example: Rice is my favourite dish.
• Rule 8 : Words ‘each’, ‘every’, ‘any’, ‘no that
come before a subject, verb is singular.
Example: Each of you is accepted into our
school team.
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• Rule 9 : The correlative conjunctions

‘either__or’ and ‘neither__no’, the verb is
singular
Example: Either Hanif or Azman wins the race.
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 RULES OF SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
• Rule 12 : Indefinite Pronoun – everybody,
somebody, someone, something acts as
singular noun, verb is singular
Example: SS-SV
Everybody is doing okay here.
• Rule 13: ‘Few’, ‘many’, ‘several’, ‘both’, ‘all’ and
‘some’ acts as plural subject, the verb remains
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a root verb.
Example: SS-SV
Many people attend Pak Ali’s son’s wedding.

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 RULES OF SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
• Rule 14 : Gerunds take singular subject, the
verb takes singular verb
Example: SS-SV
Swimming is my hobby
• Rule 15: Title of the books, movies, novels, act
as singular subject, the verb is plural verb.
Example: SS-SV
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Harry Potter is Hakim’s favourite book.

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Punctuations are
used to create sense,
clarity, and stress in
a sentence. Common
punctuations are the
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period, question
mark, coma, and
exclamation mark.
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 PUNCTUATIONS GUIDE
Symbol Function
. The period ends the sentence.
Example: Elena sits on the floor.
Comma separates the grammar
components in a sentence.
, Example:
My mother bought me an eraser, a pencil,
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a ruler, and a book.

? A question marks end direct questions.
Example: Do you have cats?
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 PUNCTUATIONS GUIDE
Symbol Function
The exclamation marks is used to express
! exasperation, astonishment or surprise.
Example: Help! Help! The house in on fire.
A hyphen join two or more words
- together to form a single word.
Example: up-to-date, son-in-law
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An apostrophe is used to show

’ possession.
Example: Ali’s house.
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 Sirplz Collections

Simile is derived from

the word “similar”. It
is used to compare
someone or something
with another. In a
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sentence, the words

as-as and like are
similes.
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 COMMON SIMILES
As big as an elephant As clear as mud
As black as coal As clear as crystal
As blind as a bat As cold as ice
As bold as brass As cool as a cucumber
As brave as a lion As cunning as a fox
As bright as a button As cute as a bug's ear
As busy as a bee As dead as a doornail
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As cheap as dirt As deaf as a post

As clean as a whistle As dry as a bone
More similes
FIGURATIVE SPEECH BOOKLET
158
 Sirplz Collections

Idioms are a groups

of words that have a
particular meaning
that is different from
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the meaning of each

individual word.

159
https://t.me/sirplz
COMMON IDIOMS

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 Sirplz Collections

Proverbs are
simple, concrete,
traditional
sayings that
express truths
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based on common
senses or
experiences.
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 COMMON PROVERBS
Proverbs Meaning
Absence makes the When you are away from
heart grow fonder. someone you love, you love
them even more.

Accidents will Some unfortunate events

happen. must be accepted as
inevitable.
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What a person actually does

Actions speak louder is more important that what
than words. they say they will do.
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 COMMON PROVERBS
Proverbs Meaning
All good things come Patience brings rewards.
to those who wait.
All that glitters is Appearances can be
not gold. deceptive.

All's well that ends There is a solution to

everything even though
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well there are doubts.

An apple a day A small preventive
keeps the doctor treatment wards off
away. serious problems.
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 COMMON PROVERBS
Proverbs Meaning
An ounce of It is easier to prevent
something from happening
prevention is worth than to repair the damage
a pound of cure. or cure the disease later.
Something bad or unpleasant
April showers bring today may bring good things
May flowers.
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in the future.
A bad tree does not A bad parent does not raise
yield good apples. good children.
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 COMMON PROVERBS
Proverbs Meaning
Cats can survive many
A cat has nine lives. accidents because they land
on their feet without injury.
A flower blooms If you miss an occasion, you
more than once. can avail of it at another
time.
A friend in need is a Someone who helps you
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friend indeed. when you are in trouble is a

real friend.
A friend's eye is a A real friend will tell you the
good mirror. truth.
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 COMMON PROVERBS
Proverbs Meaning
If a task is carefully
A good beginning planned, there's a better
makes a good end. chance that it will be done
well.
If a person keeps moving
A rolling stone from place to place, they
gathers no moss. gain neither friends or
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possessions.
A dishonest or immoral
A rotten apple spoils person can have a bad
the barrel. influence on a group.
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 COMMON PROVERBS
Proverbs Meaning
It's better to deal with a
A stitch in time problem at an early stage, to
saves nine. prevent it from getting
worse.
A tree is known by A man is judged by his
its fruit. actions.
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As you sow, so shall You have to accept the

consequences of your
you reap actions.
More proverbs:
FIGURATIVE SPEECH BOOKLET 167
 Sirplz Collections

Phrasal verbs are

idiomatic phrases
containing of a verb
and another element:
either adverb or
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preposition or a
combination of both.

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 COMMON PHRASAL VERBS
get - come to have
Get in - arrive
Get away - escape
Get up - wake up
Get out - dispel
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Get over - recover from

More phrasal verb :
FIGURATIVE SPEECH BOOKLET
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 Sirplz Collections

Synonyms are
words or phrases
that mean exactly
or nearly the
same as another
words or phrases
in the same
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language.

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 SYNONYMS
Instead of Use Instead of Use
clever smart run dash
good excellent hide conceal
stupid dumb do execute
bad inferior walk plod
awful horrible have own
interesting fascinating use utilize
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come reach get obtain

More synonyms : WITCH WORDS
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 Sirplz Collections

Antonyms are
words or phrases
that are opposite in
meaning to another
words and phrases
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in the same
language.

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 OPPOSITES
Word Opposite Word Opposite
new old push pull
modern ancient open close
big small switch on switch off
rich poor go return
old young borrow lend
man woman hot cold
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boy girl beautiful ugly

More antonyms : LIST OF OPPOSITES
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 Sirplz Collections
Online Grammar Check Graphics
GrammarBook.com Whimsy Clips
Dictionary & Thesaurus
The Oxford English Grammar
The Oxford English Dictionaries 2013
https://www.oxforddictionaries.com
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Merriem-Webster
https://www.merriem-Webster.com
Graphics Fonts
thekidzpage@com Kimberly Geswein Fonts
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