KERJAYA STEM

UNTUK NEGARA
Prof Datuk Dr Halimaton Hamdan
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Kolokium Pendidikan STEM 2017

Dewan Tunku Canselor , USIM 9 Mei 2017
1
Snapshots of Malaysia

Global Competitiveness Index

(GCI) 2014 - 2015 (WEF)

Malaysia
ranked:
18th

Global Innovation
Index (GII) 2014
Malaysia
ranked: 33rd

Quality of Infrastructure The Ease of Doing MALAYSIA

2014-2015 (GCI) Business 2014 (IMD)

Malaysia
Malaysia
ranked:
6th
ranked: 25th

2
(IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2014)
 JOBS PROJECTION BY 2020
(DEMAND DRIVEN)

1.0

Expected Jobs Created

Total S&T

S&T Professionals

Industry (S&T)

RSE
 Juxtaposition of current and
target cohort size
Cohort 2012 2020
29% of 40% of
Workforce with
(12 million WF) = (15 million WF) =
tertiary education
3.48 million 6.0 million
S&T tertiary
120,000 1.0 million
education
Sciences and
85,000 500,000
Engineering
Research
Scientists and 29:10,000 WF 70:10,000 WF
Research = (35,000) = (105,000)
Engineers (RSE)
 PROJECTED STEM WORKFORCE
Malaysia needs at least 1.0 million S&T human capital by 2020, out of which
50% are high skilled workers

Where we are?
• Currently only 29% high 50% high
skilled skilled workers
• At the current rate of entry,
there are shortage of 80%
RSEs by 2020
• Target of 500,000 high
skilled workers by 2020 is
only 3% of total workforce;
other advanced countries
more than 30%

Cohort 2012 (Current) 2020 (Projection) Advanced Countries

Highly skilled 85K 500K
0.7% 3% 30% (Average)
STEM WF (of 13 mil WF) (of 15 mil WF)
 STEM TALENTS

Developing, Harnessing and Intensifying Talent

• A strategic framework is needed to guide the

development and distribution of STEM workforce
• Drastic intervention measures need to be taken at each
domain of the human capital value chain
• A ‘sustainable’ action plan to achieve a balance
between supply and demand of STEM talents without
compromising on quality of graduates
 RATIO AND GROWTH RATE OF S&T
HUMAN CAPITAL

QUANTITY/ QUANTITY/
LEVEL 2015 2020
YEAR YEAR

SECONDARY
30/100 135,000 60/100 270,000
SCHOOL

TERTIARY 40/100 40,000 60/100 60,000

RSE IN JOB 40/10,000 60,000 60/10,000 95,000

MARKET WF
THE STEM TALENT ROADMAP FRAMEWORK

 Secondary Education as a pipeline to tertiary level.

Top 100,000 performers in Science Stream at
secondary level to take Science courses at IHL
 Tertiary Education: To accommodate the annual
increment of post-secondary students in STEM until
the year 2020
 Job market: To identify new STEM jobs created
accommodating increased supply of STEM graduates
to 2020,
 STEM Talent

How is Malaysia positioned with regards to its STEM Talent pool?

2015 30 : 70

A decline in interest in • Ineffective teaching methodology

Science, contributing to • Ad-hoc changes in policies
STEM talent depletion
• Low levels of awareness of the demand
for specialised talent
 S&T HC PYRAMID 2020

20,000 30,000
RESEARCH
Scientists PhDs

10,000 Engineers /
+
Technologists 65,000
Scientists/ MSc &
190,000 BSc
Technologists/
IMPLEMENTORS Applied scientists
405,000
MSc /
280,000 Engineers / Doctors / BSc/
Architects/CT Diploma

SUPPORT/
SERVICES Technicians / TVET / Science Officers/ BSc/Diplomas /
Certificates
Nurses / ICT
500,000

~1.0 million
Roadmap 3: Job Market
 KEPERLUAN TENAGA KERJA UTK KORIDOR

NO KORIDOR KEPERLUAN
TENAGA KERJA
1 ISKANDAR (IDR) 1,300,000
2 ECER 92,000
3 NCER 500,000
4 SARAWAK (SCORE) 1,600,000
5 SABAH (SDC) 900,00
JUMLAH 4,392,000
Detailed STEM undergraduate majors
Computer majors
Computer and information systems - Computer science - Computer administration management and
security - Computer programming and data processing - Information sciences - Computer networking
and telecommunications
Math majors
Mathematics Statistics and decision science -Mathematics and computer science -Applied mathematics
Engineering majors
General engineering -Environmental engineering -Petroleum engineering -Aerospace engineering
Geological and geophysical engineering -Miscellaneous engineering -Biological engineering - Industrial
and manufacturing engineering -Engineering technologies -Architectural engineering -Materials
engineering and materials science -Engineering and industrial management -Biomedical engineering
Mechanical engineering -Electrical engineering technology -Chemical engineering -Metallurgical
engineering -Industrial production technologies -Civil engineering -Mining and mineral engineering
Mechanical engineering related technologies -Computer engineering -Naval architecture and marine
engineering -Miscellaneous engineering technologies -Electrical engineering -Nuclear engineering
Military technologies -Engineering mechanics physics and science
Physical and life sciences majors
Animal sciences -Genetics -Physical sciences -Food science -Microbiology Astronomy and astrophysics
Plant science and agronomy Pharmacology Atmospheric sciences and meteorology -Soil science
Physiology -Chemistry -Environmental science -Zoology -Geology and earth science -Biology
Miscellaneous biology -Geosciences -Biochemical sciences -Nutrition sciences -Oceanography -Botany
Neuroscience -Physics Molecular biology -Cognitive science and biopsychology -Nuclear, industrial
radiology, and biological technologies -Ecology
 Careers for STEM Graduates
Public Sector
• Scientists (chemists, physicists, bioscientists, mathematicians),
academic (professors, lecturers), technologists, process engineers,
researchers, research consultants, administrators, teachers, quality
controllers, radiologists, instrument engineers, administrators,
managers, financial institutions, mass communications,
(government bodies, patent and licensing (IP), reporters,
translators, public relations, publishers, editors)
 Careers for STEM Graduates
Private sectors

• R & D Scientists, chemists, physicists, biologists, technologists,

process engineers, research officers, research consultants,
managers, marketing and advertising, analysts, quality
controllers, industrial supervisors, radiologists, instrument
engineers, audio-visual engineer, business and sales,
entrepreneur, mass communications, sports science, science
officers (banks, legal firms, patent and licensing (IP), public
relations, publishers, editors)
Career Path for academic scientists with PhD
• Lecturer (teaching, supervision, research)
• Associate Professor (teaching, supervision, leading
research, publication, mentoring, expert)
• Professor (scholar, supervision, publication,
management, leading research, commercial
consultant)
 R&D for Nation Building
Priority Areas Long term goals Priority areas Long term goals
• A national autonomous
and secure systems to • Improved health,
Medical &
Cyber Security reduce the dependency Healthcare
wellbeing and longevity
Cyber on foreign for systems of Medical &
Security Healthcare
strategic importance
• Sustainable energy • Sustainable plantation
Plantation Crops
supply with introduction & Commodities
crops and commodities
Energy
Energy
of new energy resources Plantation Crops & sector
Security
and reduce dependency Commodities
on fossil fuel • Reduce dependency of
fossil fuel as source of
Environment Transport &
Environment • Sustainable power and enhance
Urbanization
& Climate energy efficiency
& Climate environment Transportation
Change
change & Urbanisation • Sustainable urbanization
• Reduce dependency of
• Ensuring sustainable
import on staple food
Food Security Water Security water supply &
Food and increase the level of
Water Security optimizing water usage
Security & self sufficiency
Agriculture Adopted from NSRC (2012)
TRENDS ON THE HORIZON
 Future will be…

Green &
environment
friendly
Mobility

Security &
sustainability
Modular
&
Scalable
Industrial revolution: what’s next?
 Technology will be…
UBIQUITOUS

“Technology will have “More than1 trillion “Technology

ingrained itself into devices will be intrusiveness, human
every sphere of human interconnected, literally live in
activity” exchanging technology”
information”
Technology will be…
SMART

“Technology will “Machines will “Technology will be

understand data increasingly be able to replacing routine &
they’re processing” work autonomously” unsociable work ”
Technology will be…
SOCIAL

“Technology will be
relating to humans in
human like ways”

“Humans will form

emotional attachments
to technology”
Technology will be…
COMBINING IN NEW WAYS

“Accelerating rate of “Development of new

technology convergence and novel applications
& application” & usage”
 GAME CHANGING TECHNOLOGIES :
The Internet of things
years
Automation of knowledge
for the next 10
work

Mobile Internet

Advanced robotics Autonomous and near- Next-generation

autonomous vehicles genomics

3D printing
Energy storage Advanced Cloud
materials technology
 The top 10 fields of research :
• Clinical medicine
• Chemistry
• Physics
• Engineering
• Social Sciences, general
• Biology & Biochemistry
• Materials Sciences
• Plant & Animal Sciences
• Molecular Biology & Genetics
• Environment & Ecology

Top 10 Manual Codes :

• Computing & Controls
• Communications
• Semiconductors
• Electric Power Engineering
• Plastics & Polymers
• Scientific Instrumentation
• Pharmaceuticals
• Refactories, Glass, Ceramics
• Food, Disinfectants, Detergents
Source: Thomson Reuters (2014) • Electronic Components
Broad fields from scientific literature and patents were merged and
compared to identify the most impactful areas. The following were
the top areas identified:

Disease Pharmaceutical
Prevention Preparation
& Control
Medical Treatment Energy Solutions

Instrumentation
Digital (Biotech)
Communications Physics Particle
Multimedia
Devices
& Lighting
Genetics
Novel Materials
Source: Thomson Reuters (2014)
Detailed STEM occupations
Computer and math occupations
Computer scientists and systems analysts
Network systems and data communications analysts
Computer programmers Mathematicians Computer software engineers
Operations research analysts Computer support specialists Statisticians
Database administrators Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations
Network and computer systems administrators

Engineering and surveying occupations

Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists Materials engineers
Aerospace engineers Mechanical engineers Agricultural engineers
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers
Biomedical engineers Nuclear engineers Chemical engineers
Petroleum engineers Civil engineers Engineers, all other
Computer hardware engineers Drafters
Electrical and electronic engineers Engineering technicians, except drafters
Environmental engineers Surveying and mapping technicians
Industrial engineers, including health and safety Sales engineers
Marine engineers and naval architects
Physical and life sciences occupations

Agricultural and food scientists Physical scientists, all other

Agricultural and food science technicians Biological scientists
Conservation scientists and foresters Biological technicians
Medical scientists Chemical technicians
Nano Scientists and Nanotechnologists Astronomers and physicists
Geological and petroleum technicians Atmospheric and space scientists
Nuclear technicians Chemists and materials scientists
Other life, physical, and social science technicians
Environmental scientists and geoscientists

STEM managerial occupations

Computer and information systems managers Natural sciences managers

Engineering managers Councilors
Ten jobs of the future
1) Virtual Habitat Designer
Required skills/qualifications: Architectural design, editing, psychology
2) Ethical Technology Advocate
Required skills/qualifications: STEM, Communications, philosophy, ethics
ETAs act as a go-between for humans, robots and AI, setting the moral and ethical rules
under which the machines operate and exist.
3) Digital Cultural Commentator
Required skills/qualifications: STEM, art history, business studies, PR and marketing
Workers who can master this shared language of imagery will be much sought after as
communicators to mass audiences by businesses and art institutions.
4) Freelance Biohacker
Required skills/qualifications: Biosciences, medical methodology, data analytics
Freelance biohackers will work remotely on open-source software platforms along with
thousands of others in virtual teams connected online.
5) IoT (Internet of Things) Data Creative
Required skills/qualifications: Engineering, problem solving, communications and
entrepreneurship
IoT Data Creatives will sift through the waves of data being generated each day by devices in
our clothes, our homes, our cars and our offices and find meaningful and useful ways to tell
us what all that information is saying.
 2025 and beyond
Dementia declines Type I
In 2025…
diabetes is DNA mapping at
birth is the norm Cancer treatments
preventable
to manage have very few toxic side
disease risk effects

HEALTHCARE
Everything will be digital, Teleportation testing
Food shortages
everywhere is common
and food price
fluctuations are
things of the
past DIGITAL LIFESTYLE
FOOD SECURITY
TRANSPORT
ENERGY
Electric air
Solar is the largest Petroleum-based transportation takes off
source of packaging is history;
Energy on the cellulose-derived
planet packaging rules Source: Thomson Reuters (2014)
 2025 and beyond
6) Space Tour Guide
7) Personal Content Curator
Neuroscientists, allowing mass audiences to read and capture thoughts, memories and
dreams. Personal Content Curators will help people to use software-brain interfaces
systems to increase the storage capacity of their over-stretched minds, providing services
that allow them to dip in and out of treasured memories and experiences at will.
8) Rewilding Strategist
Rewilding Strategists will stitch together viable ecosystems in stressed landscapes, using
patchworks of flora and fauna from all over the world, reintroducing plants and animals
that have been extinct in a region for centuries in order to create resilient and vibrant
landscapes
9) Sustainable Power Innovator
SPIs are experts in chemistry and material science who will invent new battery storage
capabilities to help cope with the power demands of the ever-growing reliance on the
Internet of Things.
10) Human Body Designer
HPDs will use bio-engineering know-how to create a huge range of customised human
limbs - both fashionable and functional.