Code: 15A04802 R15

B.Tech IV Year II Semester (R15) Regular & Supplementary Examinations September 2020
LOW POWER VLSI CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
PART – A
(Compulsory Question)
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1 Answer the following: (10 X 02 = 20 Marks)
(a) State the difference between static and dynamic power dissipation.
(b) What is body effect and channel length modulation?
(c) Illustrate the dependency of DC transfer characteristics and threshold voltage of the CMOS inverter
on its ratio β.
(d) What is the principle of NORA logic?
(e) Define Glitching power.
(f) What are the advantages of architectural level approaches for low power?
(g) What is instruction reordering?
(h) What is FSM partitioning?
(i) How stand by leakage power is reduced by stack effect?
(j) Define recovery effect and memory effect in battery technologies.

PART – B
(Answer all five units, 5 X 10 = 50 Marks)
UNIT – I
2 (a) Briefly explain the short channel effects in MOS transistor.
(b) Explain about the sources of power dissipation.
OR
3 (a) Explain the modes of operation of a transistor.
(b) Explain the electrical characteristics of MOS transistor.
UNIT – II
4 (a) Explain Inverter ratio in the following situations:
(i) An nMOS Inverter driven by another Inverter.
(ii) An nMOS Inverter driven through pass transistors.
(b) Explain the delay time estimation and resistance estimation in CMOS inverters.
OR
5 (a) How pass transistor logic is realized? Realize a 2x1 multiplexer using pass transistor.
(b) Explain about switching characteristics of MOS inverter.
UNIT – III
6 (a) Deduce the switching activity of NAND and NOR gates, when the inputs are:
(i) Not Equi probable.
(ii) Mutually dependent.
(b) Explain the types of leakage power dissipation.
OR
7 (a) Explain (i) constant electric field (CE) scaling and (ii) constant voltage (CV) scaling.
(b) Explain Dynamic Voltage and Frequency scaling (DVFS).
UNIT – IV
8 Explain the impact of Hardware Software Codesign in low power design.
OR
9 What is precomputation logic? Explain any one precomputation logic architecture.
UNIT – V
10 Explain the working of an adiabatic logic circuit and its types.
OR
11 Explain Lithium ion battery technology and its advantages over Nickel Cadmium batteries.

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