Code: 15A02701 R15

B.Tech IV Year I Semester (R15) Supplementary Examinations October 2020

ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
(Electrical & Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
PART – A
(Compulsory Question)
*****
1 Answer the following: (10 X 02 = 20 Marks)
(a) Define load factor and loss factor.
(b) If the annual load growth rate is 5% for an area. Find the load demand at the end of 5 years for an
initial demand of 100 MW.
(c) Give the comparison of DC and AC distribution.
(d) Write the differences between radial and ring main distribution systems.
(e) State the advantages of outdoor substations over indoor substations.
(f) How the additional load requirement can be met in distribution systems?
(g) Mention the methods of power factor improvement.
(h) Explain about the significance of power factor improvement.
(i) List the major elements of the Remote Terminal Unit.
(j) Define SCADA.

PART – B
(Answer all five units, 5 X 10 = 50 Marks)
UNIT – I
2 (a) Explain in detail about the characteristics of various load models.
(b) A generating station has a maximum demand of 20 MW with load factor of 50% and plant factor
40%. If plant use factor is 0.85 then what will be the daily energy consumed and reserve capacity of
the plant?
OR
3 (a) Explain the terms coincidence factor and utilization factor with examples.
(b) A load of 100 kW is connected at the riverside substation. The 15 min weekly maximum demand is
given by 75 kW and the weekly energy consumption is 4200 kWh. Find the demand factor, the
15 min weekly load factor of the substation and its associate loss factor.
UNIT – II
4 (a) Explain the various selection factors that influence the design and operation of primary feeders.
(b) Consider the following 3φ distributor with 415 V secondary voltage, calculate the total voltage drop,
total power loss per phase and KVA.

OR
5 (a) Compare the radial and loop type primary feeders.
(b) Explain the basic design practice of secondary distribution system.
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Code: 15A02701 R15

UNIT – III
6 (a) What are the benefits derived by optimal location of a substation?
(b) Explain sectionalized double bus bar with one and half circuit breaker scheme with relevant
diagrams.
OR
7 (a) Explain in detail about air insulated substations.
(b) Draw and explain the layout of substation with all equipments.
UNIT – IV
8 (a) What is the need for power factor improvement in distribution systems?
(b) Discuss in brief, the procedure to determine the best capacitor location.
OR
9 (a) Explain the need of switched capacitor in distribution system.
(b) If a power system has 15000 kVA capacity and is operating at a power factor of 0.65 lagging and the
cost of synchronous capacitor is Rs 900/kVA. Find the investment required to correct the power
factor to 0.85 lagging.
UNIT – V
10 (a) Explain the need for distribution automation.
(b) Explain the SCADA system for distribution system automation.
OR
11 (a) Discuss the role of geographical information system in distribution system automation.
(b) Write a note on RTU and describe the technologies involved.

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Code: 15A02701 R15
B.Tech IV Year I Semester (R15) Supplementary Examinations June/July 2019
ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
(Electrical & Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
PART – A
(Compulsory Question)
*****
1 Answer the following: (10 X 02 = 20 Marks)
(a) Differentiate between load factor and loss factor.
(b) Define non-coincident demand.
(c) Define the terms feeder and distributor.
(d) Compare radial and loop type feeders.
(e) What are the rules to be considered to locate the substation?
(f) What are the advantages and disadvantages of underground substations?
(g) Discuss the importance of shunt capacitor compensation?
(h) Discuss financial benefits due to voltage improvement.
(i) Write short notes on SCADA.
(j) Explain Geographical Information System (GIS).

PART – B
(Answer all five units, 5 X 10 = 50 Marks)
UNIT – I
2 Determine the relationship between the load factor and the loss factor for the three different cases
when: (i) Load is steady. (ii) For very short lasting loads. (iii) Off-peak load is zero.
OR
3 What is meant by load modeling and give their characteristics?
UNIT – II
4 Derive the expression for percent voltage drop of hexagonally shaped area of distribution substation.
OR
5 Derive the expression for total series voltage drop and total copper power losses per phase for
uniformly distributed load. Give the assumptions shade if any?
UNIT – III
6 Mention the various factors that are to be considered in selecting the ideal substations.
OR
7 What is the difference between single bus bar with and without sectionalization arrangement?
UNIT – IV
8 A 750 kVA load has a power factor of 0.75 lag. It is derived to improve the power factor to 0.9 lag.
Find the kVAR rating of the capacitor for power factor improvement.
OR
9 What is shunt compensation and explain how power factor can be increased using shunt
compensation.
UNIT – V
10 Explain fibre optics communication used in DA with a block diagram.
OR
11 Explain in detail the implementation of distribution automation using SCADA.

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Code: 15A02701 R15
B.Tech IV Year I Semester (R15) Regular & Supplementary Examinations November/December 2019
ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
(Electrical & Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
PART – A
(Compulsory Question)
*****
1 Answer the following: (10 X 02 = 20 Marks)
(a) Define the coincidence factor and give its significance
(b) The metered maximum diversified kVA demand on the distribution system is 75 kVA. The ratings of
three distribution transformers in the system are 50 kVA, 30 kVA, and 20 kVA. Determine the
allocation factor is.
(c) Give a neat sketch of typical primary distribution feeder?
(d) What are the characteristics of ring main distribution system?
(e) How substations are classified?
(f) What are the advantages of air insulated substations?
(g) What are the benefits with capacitor installation in distribution systems?
(h) What is the difference between uniformly and non-uniformly distributed loads in a distribution
system?
(i) List the different communication protocols in SCADA Systems
(j) What is the importance of GIS?

PART – B
(Answer all five units, 5 X 10 = 50 Marks)
UNIT – I
2 (a) Explain different types of loads with their characteristics
(b) The load survey was conducted and it has been found that the consumer 15-minute maximum
demand is given by maximum kW demand = 0.2 + 0.008 kWh. The following five consumers are
connected to the transformer.
Consumer 1 2 3 4 5
kWh 1475 1725 1975 1600 1350
If the diversity factor of the consumers is 2.0. What will be the diversified maximum kW demand on
the transformer?
OR
3 (a) Explain the constant power and constant current loads by deriving the necessary equations.
(b) The annual peak load of a primary feeder is 1000 kW at which the power loss i.e total copper loss is
40 kW/3φ. Assuming an annual loss factor of 0.12. Determine: (i) The average annual power loss.
(ii) The total annual energy loss due to the copper losses of the feeder circuits.
UNIT – II
4 (a) Discuss the factors to be considered while designing the radial type distribution feeder.
(b) Explain basic design practice of secondary distribution system and also discuss about secondary
banking.
OR
5 (a) Classify different types of primary feeders and give their merits and demerits.
(b) Discuss the factors affecting the primary feeder voltage levels and primary feeder loading.

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Code: 15A02701 R15

UNIT – III
6 With relevant diagrams, explain different bus bar arrangements in the sub stations.
OR
7 (a) Discuss about main and transfer bus bar schemes with relevant diagrams.
(b) Explain the classification of substations according to design.
UNIT – IV
8 (a) Compare and explain role of shunt and series capacitors in power factor correction.
(b) A 400 V, 50 cycles 3-phase line delivers 207 kW at 0.8 p.f lag. It is desired to bring the line P.F to
unity by installing shunt capacitors. Calculate the capacitance if they are: (i) Star connected.
(ii) Delta connected.
OR
9 A 3-phase substation transformer has a name plate rating of 7250 kVA and a thermal capability of
120% of the name plate rating. If the connected load is 8816 kVA with a 0.85 p.f lagging p.f.,
determine the following:
(i) The kVAR rating of the shunt capacitor bank required to decrease the kVA load of the transformer
to its capability level.
(ii) The power factor of the corrected level.
UNIT – V
10 With the help of block diagram, enumerate the functions of various components of SCADA? Also
mention the applications of SCADA?
OR
11 (a) Explain how Information Technology is applied to distribution automation.
(b) Write short notes on: (i) Supervisory control. (ii) Alarm processing.

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 Code: 15A02701 R15
B.Tech IV Year I Semester (R15) Regular Examinations November/December 2018
ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
PART – A
(Compulsory Question)
*****
1 Answer the following: (10 X 02 = 20 Marks)
(a) What is meant by term load? How loads can be classified?
(b) Discuss about loss factor.
(c) Differentiate between radial and loop types of primary distribution feeders.
(d) Draw the neat sketch of ring main distribution system.
(e) What are the advantages and disadvantages of outdoor substation?
(f) Discuss advantages of optimal location of substation.
(g) Discuss the importance of power factor correction.
(h) Discuss the disadvantages of low voltage and low p.f of the system.
(i) Explain automatic meter reading (AMR).
(j) What are the advantages of distribution automation?

PART – B
(Answer all five units, 5 X 10 = 50 Marks)
UNIT – I
2 Discuss the effect of load factor on the cost of generation in a power system.
OR
3 Discuss the characteristics of different loads.
UNIT – II
4 Explain various factors that influence voltage level in design and operation of the distribution system.
OR
5 Explain how the rating of distribution substation can be calculated by taking a general case with ‘n’
number of feeders.
UNIT – III
6 Explain the criteria for location of a substation and what are the benefits obtained through optimal
location of substation?
OR
7 Discuss about the methodology to fix the rating of a distribution substation.
UNIT – IV
8 A 440 V, 50 cycles three phase line delivers 250 kW at 0.7 p.f (lag). It is desire to bring the line p.f to
unity by installing shunt capacitors. Calculate the capacitance if they are: (i) Star connected. (ii) Delta
connected.
OR
9 Why do we need the voltage control and power factor correction in power systems? Explain.

UNIT – V
10 What are the requirements for DA communication? State different communication systems used in DA.
OR
11 Explain the advantages of introducing distribution automation.

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