University of Moratuwa

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering

Semester 1 Examination 2021/22

MSc/PG Diploma in Electrical Engineering/Electrical Installation/Industrial Automation

EE5102 Power Distribution Systems

Time allowed: Two Hours ONLY July 2022

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

This paper contains 4 questions in 4 pages

This is an open book examination.

The examination accounts for 70% of the module assessment.

Answer all questions.

The marks assigned for each question and sections thereof are indicated in square brackets.
Assume reasonable values for any data not given in or with the examination paper. Clearly
state such assumptions made on the script.

If you have any doubt as to the interpretation of the wording of a question, make your own
decision, but clearly state it on the script.

Electronic/Communication devices are not permitted. Only equipment allowed is a calculator

approved and labeled by the Faculty of Engineering.

ADDITIONAL MATERIALS: None

Continued………..

Page 1 of 4
Question 1 [25 marks]

a) Explain with illustrations how would the load factor seen by the utility be affected by
unplanned and increased integration of solar rooftop systems and suggest solutions.
[10 marks]

b) A power supply system is comprised of the loads given in Table Q1.

Table Q1
Type of Load Maximum Load Factor Diversity Factor Overall
Demand Diversity Factor
(kW) (%)
Domestic 2,000 25 1.20
Commercial 3,000 30 1.10 1.30
Industrial 8,000 70 1.25

(i) Calculate the maximum demand. [3 marks]

(ii) Calculate the daily energy consumption. [5 marks]
(iii) Calculate the load factor of the power supply system.
[2 marks]
(iv) Calculate the connected rated load of each category if the demand factor for
domestic, commercial and industrial loads are 50%, 60% and 80% respectively.
[5 marks]

Question 2 [25 marks]

(a) Illustrate the configurations of the “double bus-double breaker scheme” and the “main and
transfer bus scheme” and compare the two schemes against each other.
[10 marks]

(b) State two distribution feeder arrangements in which the “Network Protector” is applied and
discuss the reasons for using that particular protective device.
[5 marks]

(c) Explain, on what principle a fuse operates. [5 marks]

(d) Explain the purpose of using quartz sand as filler material in the construction of current-
limiting fuse. [5 marks]

Page 2 of 4
Question 3 [25 marks]

(a) A triangular area of length l and width w as shown in Figure Q3(a) is to be served by a
primary main feeder of total impedance, Z. The feeder area is assumed to have a constant
load density, D with three phase laterals uniformly tapped off of the primary main. Derive
an expression for the total voltage drop down the primary main from node n to node m, if
nominal line-to-line voltage at n, is V.
[10 marks]

Figure Q3(a)
(b) The triangular area shown in Figure Q3(b) is to be served by a feeder of nominal voltage
12.47 kV. The load density of the area is 3500 kVA/mile 2 at a power factor of 0.9 lagging.
The conductor on the primary main is 336,400 26/7 ACSR having a per phase impedance
of 0.306 + j0.6272 Ω /mile. If the Kdrop factor is 0.00035291 % drop/kVA-mile, determine
the percent voltage drop from node n to node m. (Hint: 1 mile = 5,280 feet)
[15 marks]

Figure Q3(b)

Page 3 of 4
Question 4 [25 marks]

Consider the network given in Figure Q4.

Figure Q4

The line-to-line source voltage at Node 1 is 12.47 kV and the line impedance is (0.1 + j0.5)
Ω/km. Line length of each section is given on Figure Q4. Constant impedance load at Node 2
is delta connected and balanced, while all other loads and the capacitor bank are being balanced
and star connected. Total three phase rated value of each load and the capacitor bank is shown
on the diagram.

Using the forward-backward sweep method, compute the node voltages after 2 iterations.

[25 marks]

Page 4 of 4