1. List the role of Project Manager.

The role of Project Manager are as follows -

 Activity and resource planning
 Organizing and motivating a project team
 Controlling time management
 Cost estimating and developing the budget
 Ensuring customer satisfaction
 Analyzing and managing project risk
 Monitoring progress
 Managing reports and necessary documentation

2. Differentiate between Project and Operations.

PROJECT OPERATIONS
Unique and temporary. Ongoing and permanent.
Have a fixed budget. Have to earn a profit to run the
business.
Executed to start a new business.
Create a unique product ,service Produce the same product, aim to
or result . earn a profit.
There are more risks in projects as While in operations there are fewer
they are usually done for the first risks as they are repeated many
time. times.
Projects are Performance Opeartions are Efficiency
intensive. intensive.
Time,cost & scope constraints per Annual planning applied to
process. continuous process cycles.

3. What is a scoring model?

The scoring model is an objective technique: the project selection committee lists
relevant criteria, weighs them according to their importance and their priorities,
then adds the weighted values. Once the scoring of these projects is completed,
the project with the highest score is chosen.
 4. State the advantages of PERT.

PERT(Program Evaluation and Review Technique) is a project network analysis

technique that is used to undergo planning and controlling of the projects.

Advantages -

Planning For Large Projects

Visibility of Critical Path

Analysis of Activities

Coordinating Ability

The What - if -Analysis - The possibilities and the various level of uncertainties
can be studied from the project activities by properly analyzing the critical path.

5. Describe the use of Gantt Chart .

A Gantt Chart is a horizontal bar chart that visually represents a project

plan over time which was developed by Henry L. Gantt in 1917.

Uses –
 The charts are usefull in planning a project and definig the sequence
of tasks that require completion.
 It helps in scheduling,managing and monitoring specific tasks and
resources in a project.
 Horizontal bars of different lengths represent the project
timeline,which can include task sequences,duration & the start &
end dates for each task.
 It aids Project Managers in communicating project status or plans &
also helps ensure the project remains on track.
6. List down rules of constructing network diagram.

 The direction of arrows should flow from left to right avoiding mixing of
direction. No looping!
 No single activity can be represented more than once in a network diagram.
The length of an arrow hasno significance.
 The event numbered 1 is the start event and an event with highest number
is the end event.
 In assigning numbers to events, there should not be any duplication of
event numbers in a networkdiagram
 Dummy activities must be used only if it is necessary to reduce the complexity
of a network diagram
 A network diagram must have one start and one end event.

7. State the advantages of CPM.

CPM(Critical Path Method) is a step-by-step project management
technique that separates planning and scheduling. It also clarifies the inter
relationship of time and cost.
ADVANTAGES –
 Consistent framework for planning scheduling monitoring and controlling
project.
 Helps proper communications between departments and functions.
 Determines expected project completion date.
 Determines the dates on which tasks may be started or must be started if the
project is to stay in schedule.
 Shows which task must be coordinated to avoid resource or timing conflicts.
 Shows which task Mein running parallel to meet project completion date.
8. State the merits of WBS.

WBS(Work Breakdown Structure) is a method for getting a

complex,multi- step project done in an easy and effective way by dividing
it into smaller units.

Merits -
 Improved palnning
 Smarter budget and resource allocation
 Simplified risk identification
 Improved accountability
 Enhanced visibility

9. State the merits of LRC.

LRC(Linear Responsibility Chart).is the chart of responsibility which

identifies the project participants and shows authority and responsibility
relationship among them.
 Merits –

 It reduces confusion and conflict between project manager and functional

managers which helps to monitor responsibility of project participants.

 It combines organisational structure with work breakdown structure

which makes easy to fix responsibility to project participants.

 Communication is facilitated.It is a useful tool for supervising of authority

and responsibilities.

10.What is a project life cycle.

A project life cycle is the sequence of phases that a project goes through from its
initiation to its closure. The number and sequence of the cycle are determined by the
management and various other factors like needs of the organization involved in the
project,

Project life cycle consists of following 5 phases –

Initiation - Map out the project's objective, pick a manager, and clarify your
approach.
Planning - Develop a detailed plan for the project's execution,define project's
scope, create a WBS, and map out a schedule.
Execution – actively track assigned tasks and ensure that the project stays on
course.
Control – It’s focused on monitoring the project's progress. You'll monitor
milestones & goals to keep the project on track.
Closure - you'll hand over all deliverables to stakeholders and formally close the
project. You'll also review the project for insights.
 11. Write a short note on PMIS

Project Management Information System (PMIS) are system tools and

techniques used in project management to deliver information.
Project managers use the techniques and tools to collect, combine and distribute
information through electronic and manual means.
PMIS is used by upper and lower management to communicate with each other.
PMIS help plan, execute and close project management goals. During the
planning process, project managers use PMIS for budget framework such as
estimating costs.
PMIS is also used to create a specific schedule and define the scope baseline. At
the execution of the project management goals, the project management team
collects information into one database.
PMIS is used to compare the baseline with the actual accomplishment of
each activity, manage materials, collect financial data, and keep a record for
reporting purposes. During the close of the project, PMIS is used to review the
goals to check if the tasks were accomplished. Then, it is used to create a final
report of the project close.
To conclude, the project management information system (PMIS) is used to plan
schedules, budget and execute work to be accomplished in project management.

12.What are the numeric and non-numeric models of project selection?

Numeric project selection models –

 Payback Period
 Accounting Rate of Return
 Break Even Analysis
 Cost benefit Analysis
 Net Present Value (NPV)
 Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
 Non-Numeric project selection models –

 The Sacred Cow

 The Operating Necessity
 The Competitive Necessity
 The Product Line Extension
 Comparative Benefit Model
 Q-Sort Model

13.What do you understand by Project Charter? Explain.

Project Charter is a statement that describes the objectives of a project.It also acts
as a guideline for future projects. It defines the roles and responsibilities of the
participants and outlines the goals of the project.The charter also identifies the
main stakeholders defines the authority of the project manager.
Roles of project charter -
It documents the reasons for undertaking the project.
It provides solutions to the problem in hand.
Benefits of project charter -
It improves and paves way for good customer relationships.
It also works as a tool that improves project management processes.
By having a project charter project sponsorship can also be gained.
Usage of project charter-
You need it to authorise your project this is the document that tells the project to
your stakeholders and defines broadly what their return in investment will be it's
like elevator pitch so it has to sell the project.
Writing a project management charter is a process which also requires good
experience and expertise.
Vision –
Objective – Can be specific,measurable,achievable,realistic and time
bound.
 Scope – Outline the formal boundaries of the project by describing how
the business may change by delivery of your project.
Deliverables – Describe each of the deliverables the project is tasked to
produce.
Organise –
Customers/End Users – Ask yourself who is a cusyomer or end user in
the context of this project.
Stakeholders – It might be a financial controller overseeing costs or the
CEO.
Roles – You need to assign the key roles and responsibilities to those
involved in delivering the project.
Structure – You need to define the lines of reporting between these
various roles in the project (use project organization chart).
Implementation –
Plan – By listing the phases ,activities & timeframes of the project’s life
cycle.Gant Charts are the traditional planning tool for projects.
Milestones – It marks major phases in the project and collect smaller
tasks into bigger chunks of work.
Dependencies – List all key dependencies & what their importance is to
the project.
Resource Plan – Break down this list into labor,equipment and materials
to estimate your budget more accurately.

14.What are the knowledge areas and process groups in Project

Management as per PMI?
Knowledge Areas –
Integration – It’s about bringing together everything you know so that you are
managing your project holisticallyand not in individual process chunks.
Scope – It’s all about making sure that eevryone is clear about what the project is for
and what it includes.
Time – It relates to how you manage the time, people are spending on their project
tasks.
Cost – It’s all about handling the project finances.
Quality – It’s about quality control and management activities on project so that the
result meets customer’s expectations.
Procurement – It’s about what you need to buy,to ongoing through the tendering and
purchasing process.
Human Resources – It’s about managing the people on thr team including giving them
extra skills to do their jobs.
Communications – The Project Manager monitors all the incoming & outgoing
communications.
Risk Management – It involves identifying risks & understanding how to access risks
on your project.
Stakeholder Management – It’s about identifying stakeholders,understanding their
roles & needs in the project.

Process Groups –
Initiating – It involves the processes,activities, and skills needed to effectively define
the beginig of a project.
Planning – To define scope of project,set strategic palns in place to maximise
workflow & begin to assemble priority lists.
Executing – Managing teams effectively while orchestrating timeline expectations &
reaching benchmark goals.
Monitoring and Controlling – Processes required to track,review and regulate the
progress the performance of the project.
Closing – To bring the project to a successful close (completing it on time & within
the budget alloted).
 15.Explain the concept of ‘Triple Constraints’.
It is a model of the constraints inherent in managing a project.They are -
 Cost: It is the financial constraints of a project also known as project budget.
 Scope: It is the tasks required to fulfil the project's goals.
 Time: It is the schedule for the project to reach completion.
The Triple Constraint states that the success of the project is impacted by its
cost, scope and time. As a manager of the project, you can trade between these
three constraints. Triple Constraints are like the boundaries in which you have to
work. Just as restrictions enhance creativity.
Cost -
Cost is the first financial constraint that affects a project. It is the financial
commitment that is made to the project. Costs are divided into fixed and variable
cost. Both of them are associated with a project. Costs vary depending on various
factors.
various costs processes - Cost estimating ,Cost budgeting ,Cost control
Scope –
It outlines the specific requirements or tasks which are necessary to complete the
project. Managing the scope is vital in any project, whether they are agile
software projects or well-planned waterfall projects. Failing to control the scope
of the project will not help in delivering it on time or within budget.
Time –
The amount of time required to complete a deliverables must be estimated well
for a good schedule. Usually, this is done by first identifying all the tasks that are
going to be performed during the entire life cycle of the project.For estimating
time, first of all a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is used generally to convert
the large project goal into a series of manageable tasks.
Schedule can be managed through a process of time management.Steps are –
Plaaning schedule,Definig Activities,Sequencing Activities,Estimating
Resources Required,etc.

16.Explain aggregate project plan used in project portfolio process.

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