DEFINITION

A power station (also referred to as a generating

station, power plant, powerhouse or generating
plant) is an industrial facility for the generation of
electric power.
Hydraulic Energy / Thermal Energy -> Mechanical Energy -> Electrical Energy
Unit collection of Power Plant

There may be several units which are

described below –
1. Energy source (Heat, wind, water etc.)

2. Turbine

3. Generator (a rotating machine that

converts mechanical power into electrical
power by creating relative motion
between a magnetic field and a
conductor)
Types of Power Plant
1. On the Basis of Primary Source / Fuel –

(a.) Nuclear Power Plants

(b.) Geothermal Power Plants

(c.) Fossil-Fuel Power Plants

(d.) Biomass-Fuelled Power Plants

(e.) Solar Thermal Power Plants

 2.On the Basis of Prime Mover
(a.) Steam Turbine Power Plants

(b.) Gas Turbine Power Plants

(c.) Combined Cycle Power Plants

(d.) Internal combustion reciprocating engines are used for

small cogeneration plants likes - Hospitals, office
buildings,industrial plants, and other critical facilities.

(e.) Micro turbines, Stirling engine and internal combustion

reciprocating engines are low-cost solutions for using
opportunity fuels, such as landfill gas, digester gas from
water treatment plants and waste gas from oil production.
 3. On the Basis of Duty
(a.) Base Load Power Plants - Base Load Power Plants run nearly
continually to provide that component of system load that
doesn't vary during a day or week.

(b.) Peaking Power Plants - Peaking power plants meet the daily
peak load, which may only be for a one or two hours each day.
While their incremental operating cost is always higher than
base load plants

(c.) Load Following Power Plants - Load following power plants can
economically follow the variations in the daily and weekly load,
at lower cost than peaking plants and with more flexibility than
base load plants.
 Performance Efficiencies
All thermal power plants produce waste heat
energy as a by product of the useful electrical
energy produced. The amount of waste heat
energy equals or exceeds the amount of energy
converted into useful electricity . Gas-fired
power plants can achieve “50%” conversion
efficiency while coal and oil plants achieve
around “30–49%”.
Cooling Process / Cooling Tower

(a.) Water Cooled

(b.) Mechanical Induced Draft Wet Cooling

(c.) Air Cooled

(a.) Water Cooled –
many nuclear power plants and large fossil fuel-fired power plants
use large hyperboloid chimney - like structures that release the
waste heat to the ambient atmosphere by the evaporation of water.

(b.) Mechanical Induced Draft Wet Cooling –

Many power plants use fans to provide air movement upward through down
coming water, and are not hyperboloid chimney-like structures.

(c.) Air Cooled –

In areas with restricted water use, a dry cooling tower or directly air-cooled
radiators may be necessary. These coolers have lower efficiency and higher
energy consumption to drive fans, compared to a typical wet, evaporative
cooling tower.
Thermal Power Plant
 Thermal Power Plant

A thermal power station is a power plant in

which the prime mover is steam
driven.Water is heated,turns into steam
and spins a steam turbine which drives an
electrical generator. After it passes
through the turbine, the steam is
condensed in a condenser and recycled to
where it was heated; this is known as a
Rankine cycle.
 Components of a Thermal Power Plant
1. Cooling tower
2. Cooling water pump
3. transmission line (3-phase)
4. Step-up transformer (3-
phase)
5. Electrical generator (3-
phase)
6. Low pressure steam
turbine
7. Condensate pump
8. Surface condenser
9. Intermediate pressure
steam turbine
10. Steam Control valve
11. High pressure steam
turbine
12. De aerator
13. Feed water heater
14. Boiler steam drum
15. Super heater
16. Forced draught (draft) fan
17. Re heater
18. Combustion air intake
19. Induced draught (draft)
fan
2.Nuclear Thermal Power Plant
 Nuclear Reactors
• A nuclear reactor is a device to initiate and control
a sustained nuclear chain reaction. The most
common use of nuclear reactors is for the
generation of electric energy and for the
propulsion of ships.The nuclear reactor is the
heart of the plant.

• The heat is produced by fission in a nuclear

reactor (a light water reactor). Directly or indirectly,
water vapour (steam) is produced. The pressurized
steam is then usually fed to a multi stage steam
turbine.
 Hydraulic Power Plant / Hydroelectricity
• The production of
• electrical power through
• the use of the
• gravitational force of
• falling or flowing water.
• It is the most widely
• used form of renewable
• energy.
Generating Methods of Hydroelectricity
Conventional ( dams ) –
Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of
dammed water driving a water turbine and generator.

Pumped-Storage –
This method produces electricity to supply high peak demands by
moving water between reservoirs at different elevations.

Run-of-the-River –
Run of the river hydropower could provide potential to drive the
turbine.

Tide –
A tidal power plant makes use of the daily rise and fall of ocean
water due to tides.

Underground –
An underground power station makes use of a large natural height
difference between two waterways, such as a waterfall or mountain
lake.
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