ASSIGNMENT/ASSESSMENT COVERSHEET

Student Name: Zahra Farooq

First Name FAMILY/ Last Name

Registration Number: BSCS-023R17-19

Course Code Course Title

AI

Department (Computer Science / Information Technology)

Computer science

Cs 8th

Class & Semester

Assessment item Title: Due date/time:

Tutorial Group (IF applicable):

Word Count (if applicable:

Lecture/Tutor Name:
Sir zuhair

Extension Granted:  Yes  no Granted By:

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version.
Introduction:
Fuzzy logic control (FLC) is the most active research area in the application of fuzzy set
theory, fuzzy reasoning, and fuzzy logic. The application of FLC extends from industrial
process control to biomedical instrumentation and securities. Compared to conventional
control techniques, FLC has been best utilized in complex ill-defined problems, which can be
controlled by an efficient human operator without knowledge of their underlying dynamics.
A control system is an arrangement of physical components designed to alter another
physical system so that this system exhibits certain desired characteristics. There exist two
types of control systems: open-loop and closed-loop control systems. In open-loop control
systems, the input control action is independent of the physical system output. On the other
hand, in a closed-loop control system, the input control action depends on the physical system
output. Closed-Hoop control systems are also known as feedback control systems. The first
step toward controlling any physical variable is to measure it. A sensor measures the
controlled signal, A plant is a physical system under control. In a closed-loop control system,
forcing signals of the system inputs are determined by the output responses of the system.
The basic control problem is given as follows:
The output of the physical system under control is adjusted by the help of an error signal. The
difference between the actual response (calculated) of the płant and the desired response
gives the error signal. For obtaining satisfactory responses and characteristics for the closed-
loop control system, an additional system, called as compensator or controller, can be added
to the loop.
Designing a controller for a complex physical system involves the following steps:
Decomposing the large-scale system into a collection of various subsystems.
Varying the plant dynamics slowly and linearizing the nonlinear plane dynamics about a set
of operating points.
Organizing a set of state variables, control variables, or output features for the system under
consideration.
4. Designing simple P, PD, PID controllers for the subsystems. Optimal controllers can also
be designed.
Working:
It works on the concepts of sets, and the output decisions are based on the assumptions. The
fuzzy set has a range of values of {0,1}. They work based on fuzzy rules, namely the if-then
rule. Reasoning in it is the most important matter, which gives 1 for the true value and 0 for a
false value. And imprecision for partial values. All these fuzzy actions grouped together to
form a system output. For instance, let’s take an example:
Is Saturday a weekend day? the fuzzy answer is 1, true.
Is Sunday a weekday? the fuzzy answer is 0.9.
Firstly, the set of input data is grouped and transformed into a fuzzy set using membership
functions and linguistic terms. This process is termed as Fuzzification. Based on the set of
rules organized, an inference is made. Lastly, during the defuzzification step, the yielded
fuzzy output is mapped to crisp output with the help of membership functions.
For example, in an air conditioning system, the fuzzy logic system plays a role by declaring
linguistic variables for temperature, defining membership sets (0,1) and the set of rules
through the process of fuzzification crisps the fuzzy set and the evaluation like AND, OR
operation rule is done by the inference engine and finally, the desired output is converted into
non-fuzzy numbers using defuzzification.