LESSON 3 DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES AND

OTHER RELEVANT

This lesson is all about the different developmental theories. Child development theories focus on
explaining how children change and grow over the course of childhood. Such theories center on various
aspects of development including social, emotional, and cognitive growth.

The study of human development is a rich and varied subject. We all have personal
experience with development, but it is sometimes difficult to understand how and why people grow, learn,,
and act as they do. Why do children behave in a certain ways? Is their behavior related to their age, family
relationships, or individual temperaments? Developmental psychologists strive to answer such questions as
well as to understand, explain, and predict behaviors that occur throughout the lifespan.

In order to understand human development, a number of different theories of child development have
arisen to explain various aspects of human growth.

Theories development provides a framework for thinking about human growth and learning but why
do study development? What we can we learn from psychological theories of development? If you have ever
wondered about what motivates human thought and behavior, understanding these theories can provide
useful insight into individuals and society.

Pre-activity

“The Principle goal of education is to create men who are capable of doing new things, not simply of
repeating what other generations have done – men who are creative, inventive and discoverers.”Jean
Piaget

1. What is the general idea of the quotation above? Do you agree on Piaget’s passage?
An effective education can create men with mental capacity of doing things new to the environment
and not a repetition of the older one. The ability of the learner to adopt and explore rather wait and
learned.In the reflections of Jean Piaget, emphasized that a successful educator can can create
talented persons

Activity 3.1

Freud’s views about human development are more than a century old. He can be considered the most
well known psychologist because of his interesting theory about the unconscious and also about sexual
development. Although a lot of his views were criticized and some considered them debunked. Freud’s
theory remains to be one of the most influential in psychology. His theory sparked the ideas in the brilliant
minds of other theories and thus became the starting point of many other theories, notable of which is
 Erickson’s psychosocial theory.

Recall a recent incident in your life when you had to make a decision. Narrate the situation below.
Indicate what the decision was about, the factors that were involved and how you arrived at your decision.

Analysis

What factors influenced you in making your decision?

Which of the following did you consider most in making your decision: what will make you feel satisfied,
what is most beneficial or practical, or what you believed was the most moral thing to do? Elaborate on your
answer.

Always follow my heart while making decisions, Avoid negative thinking , Be confidence enough and
don't be scared while making decisions and I show them that I can do it

Abstraction

As a person grows, the personality is also formed. Many psychologists present different views about
how personality develops. As mentioned, Freud presents a very interesting theory about personality, its
components and development. Read on and hopefully it will also somehow lead you to understand more
your own personality.

As you read through Frued’s theory, https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontopsychology/chapter/11-2-the-

origins-of- personality/#:~:text=Freud%20proposed%20that%20the%20mind,of%20our%20most%20primitive
%20im pulses. ,fill out the graphic organizer below to highlight the important concepts.

Apply

Watch the video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KOCt_-0EO5Y

Erogenous Zone:mouth
Discription of the Stage: Pleasure comes from the mouth in the form of sucking, biting, and chewing.
Fixations: smoking, gum chewing

Oral Stage

Erogenous Zone:bowel and bladder control

Discription of the Stage: Pleasure comes from bowel and bladder elimination and the constraints of toilet training.
Fixations. orderliness, obsessiveness, rigidity
 Erogenous Zone: genitals
Discription of the Stage: Pleasure comes from the genitals, and the conflict is with sexual desires for the opposite-sex parent.
Fixations. orderliness, obsessiveness, rigidity
Phalic Stage

Erogenous Zone:sexual feelings are inactive

Discription of the Stage: Sexual feelings are less important.
Fixations: : little or no sexual motivation present
Latency
Stage

Erogenous Zone: maturity sexual interest

Discription of the Stage: If prior stages have been properly reached, mature sexual orientation develops.
Fixations:: little or no sexual motivation present
Gential
Stage
 1. Using the graphic organizer, explain the components of personality and give example in each components

Ego
The Ego. According to Freud, The ego develops from
My Personality
the iddesire
I am a friendly one. I have strong and ensures
to havethat
timethe impulses
to myself. of themaking
I care id can be
my own path than care what
expressed in a manner acceptable in the real
others have done. I like to set my goals to decide how to achieve it. I appreciateworldand contented of what I have
right now. I am good to the person who is good to me. I easily get anger if I didn't like something. I still don't
have enough confidence whenExample:
making myMary really
own wantedIto
decisions. borrow
am good ather mom's
hiding my feelings when I am hurt.
necklace, but knew her mom would be angry if she took
it without

Id
The id is the primitive and instinctive
component of personality. It consists of all the
inherited (i.e., biological) components of
personality present at birth, including the the
sex (life) instinct – Eros (which contains the
libido), and the aggressive (death) instinct -
Thanatos
Example: * A hungry baby cried until he was
fed
Superego
The superego is the ethical component of the
personality and provides the moral standards
by which the ego operates
Example: * Sarah knew she could steal the
supplies from work and no one would know
about it. However, she knew that stealing was
wrong, so she decided not to take anything
even though she would probably never

One’s Personality

1. Based on your understanding of psychoanalytic theory, how would you analyze your own personality?