Antihistaminic Drugs

Antihistamine: They are the drugs which block the effect of histamine competitively on various receptor site.
Classification of antihistamine: (Clinical classification)
(A) H1 receptor blockers (classical antihistamine)
1. Sedative (called cold pill)
a) Potent and marked sedative- Promethazine, Diphenhydramine
b) Potent but moderate sedative- chlorpheniramine, chlrocyclizine
c) Less potent and less sedative- pheniramine, Mepyramine
2. Antiemetic and antimotion sickness- Promethazine, Diphenhydramine
3. Antiparkinsonism- phenindamine, orphanadrin
(B) H2 receptor blockers
* Cimetidine * Ranitidine * Borimide
* Famotidine * Nigatidine * Metiamide
M/A of H1 Blockers: Reversible competitive antagonism. Having structural similarity with histamine. H 1 receptor blocker
ompetitively occupy H1 receptor and prevent the action of histamine.
M/A of H2 Blocker: (Mechanism of inhibition of gastric secretion by H2 blockers).
Gastric cells (Parietal cells) contain H2 receptor, Pentagastrin and acetylcholine receptors which are responsible for gastric
secretion. H2 blockers competitively blocks H2 receptor and exert some sort of allosteric effect on other receptors. So gastric
secretion is inhibited.

1
Generic Name Trade Name Pack Size Dose Route Indication Contra Side effects
Indication
Injection: Cattle,  Milk fever  Hypersensitiv  Drowsiness
 Dellergen® (Reneta) 5ml buffalo,  Mastitis ity to  Dizziness
horse: 3-  Hyper sensitivity promethazine  Tired fellings
4ml/100kg  Allergic reaction  Asthma  Inco-
Sheep,  Urticaria  Peptic ulcer ordination
goat: 0.5-  Serum sickness  Narrow angle  Lassitude
2ml/10kg glaucoma 
 Nausea & Vomiting Blurred
Dog, cat:  Premature vision
1.  Anaphylatic shock
2.5ml/10kg infant
Promathazine  Motion sickness  Dry mouth
 Flugan® (Techno) 5, 10ml  Lactation  Tachycardia
Hydrochloride  Antiemetic therapy
 CNS &
depression Bradycardia
 Nasal  Faintness
stuffiness  Euphoria
I/M
 Phenerax Vet® 5ml  Respiratory  Torticolis
(Jayson) depression  Confusion
 Edema  Skin Rash
 Malignant  Tremor
syndrome  Convulsion
 Prome Vet® (FnF) 10ml
 After 30wks
Pregnancy
Safe. Last to
 Phenargan (Snofi wks
5, 10ml
Aventis) Pregnancy
cause
Bolus: 1 platelets
 Prome Vet® 150mg bolus/100kg Orally Problem,
(FnF) bleeding in
 Promethazine® new born
2
 150mg (Al Modina)
Generic Name Trade Name Pack Size Dose Route Indication Contra Side effects
Indication
2. Injection Cattle, I/M  Nasal allergy &  Asthmatic  Difficulty
Chlorphenirami  Histacin Vet ® 10 ml Buffalo, congestion attack urination
ne Maleate (Jayson) Horse:5-  Insect biting  Stenosing  Loss of
 Fenervet ® (Techno) 10 ml,100ml 10ml  Angio-Edema peptic ulcer appetite
Pets, sheep  Acute anaphylaxis  Not be used  Drowsiness
goat:0.5-  Hay fever in neonatal  Difficulty
2ml  Drug Allergy  Pyloroduodo breathing
 Allergic rhinitis nal  Dryness of
 milk allergy obstruction mouth
 Photodermatosis  Narrow angle  irregular heart
 Mastitis glaucoma beat
 Any inflammation  Bladder neck  Tremor
 Other itching obstruction  Confusion
Sensation  Glaucoma  Vomiting
 Constipation  Weakness
 Drowsiness  Hallucination
 Nervousness
 Pregnancy  Vision change
safe but not
Chlorphenirami
safe last
ne Maleate
three
months of
pregnancy

Generic Name Trade Name Pack Size Dose Route Indication Contra Side effects
Indication

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 Injection Cattle, I/M or I/V  Serum Allergy  Prostatic  Hallucinatio
 Antihista Vet® 10ml buffalo,  Drug Allergy hypertrophy n
(Square) horse: 5-  Angioedema  Hypersensiti  Hyperthermi
 Histavet® (ACI) 10ml 10ml  Asthma vity a
 Astravet® (ACME) 10ml Sheep, goat:  Conjunctivitis  Hypertensio  Palpitation
 Niravet® (Opsonin) 0.5-1ml  Eczema n  Sedation
 Alervet® (Popular) 10ml  Hyperthyroi  Muscular
 Hay fever
 Histanol®  Perinnial rhinitis dism weakness
(Chemist) 10ml  Dryness of  Dry mouth
3.  Urticaria
Phenaramine  Phenvet® (FnF)  Vasomotor rhinitis mouth  Dizziness
meleate  Etistavet® (Ethical) 10ml, 100ml  Hay fever  Constipation  Tachycardia
 Vertigo  Urinary  Nervousness
10ml, 50ml retention  Tremor
 Any shock
Bolus 10ml, 100ml  Glaucoma  Constipation
 Any inflammation
 Avil® (Sonofi  Arthritis  Blurred  Urinary
Aventis) vision retention
 Parkinsonism
 Pevil® (ACI)  Blurred
 Photodermatitis
Orally  Pregnancy vision
 Pulmonary edema Safe
 Other itching  Lassitude
sensantion  Co-
ordination

Phenaramine
meleate

Dr. Md. Mahmudul Hasan

Assistant Professor,
Department of Physiology & Pharmacology
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University