NTRODUC*ION o KINGS

Summa'y
-

(1DFLINITION tXAMPLES OF
OEKiNG
KING
A g A a At h_hinany cpualink
addken ulliplicau uh tnal tn abceR
_a h =b+a(R i ahelian
E latb)+C alht )1 ( _ alsocialive Lrt
2)albc)=(ab)c +
Lis) abac)aht as (btc)a =bat ca_
AE reghtDistnihutive law
( Tu exis e_addtive. ekuiy
Sucls ta_atO:a atk
Th x R At a (-a)= O

2,22 Ingiit kinga

xR Rrg An elimut_e ek
ae a =ea aeR

with
A2_RR thou
owatae Reng a kng Kab he , then
( t ng said to be Commu
taiie (ab eR
Ut aRen aCmmutalk ve nng
Ceniti4 plitatie nveae
Hhen ytA t unit
t e a
 ROPFRIIES OF KING
b CER Then

(2) ah--a)b ab
( a-b) ab
ah-ac b-a: ba-ca
Ras u he

140
( ) (=D)-1)=1
NOTE The u n t
uqu

SuBRINGS
A Aubset S a ing R_A a ubring
S its Ring tcpiuatYons
Sunn Tit S2Aaidta b a ubng R
Sukst aaion Maultiplkc&io
S

ie, a-b ab eS a b es
L) S nm= Lenp

4Zego DivLsoRS
A nan-2exn lamenaa a Commutative Hg
Ri called o n dis K 0
Srne elne beR.
Example d3 1,4,8 10 art2em- dMsTS

T
6
8 3 O
 5NLPoi NiitrMENTS
An clonmtul 'ana n R callid lptenl
seme

Examplo
nbn 2 lptt ent el1memt

19
pEMPoieNIS
An
An clenet a of a ing K i alleo idmpole.si

Lxaple 1,4, are Ldlempotets in_4-

INTEGRAL DOMAINS
_(em u t a ve nng wtth u no 2em
alivisoS Calleed m ugal demain
Cxapla 2,4,2514o
Exaapl alagraX dmas
Cancllalon Law e t ab
ab,c belong o an
antagral omaLn f
abac
a£0
hen b
at0 -
(8FiELDA
ing witn uni
vexy nn2CYD_ lemet g unit.

( SUA-DomAIN
ntgnel olomain non- emply
mu. l
Aubstt 4 dik alao an lomau

Calld Lub-domnain o D.
Exampu P.-domain R