COLLEGE OF NURSING

DHAMATRI
Subject :- Maternal Health Nursing
Topic :- Demonstration of “Antenatal Examination’’

Submitted To :- Submitted By :-
Mrs. S. R. Nath Madam Mrs. Akanksha Singh
Subject : Maternal Health Nursing
Topic : Demonstration of “Antenatal Examination’’
Group of Student : Post Basic B.Sc. Nursing 1st Year Student
Name of Evaluator : Mrs. S. R. Nath
Name of Student : Mrs. Akanksh Singh
Place :
Date/Time :
Method of Teaching : Lecture , Discussion , Demonstraion
A.V. Aids :
Previous Knowledge :
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1. 1 min To Introduce Self Introduction :- Myself Mrs. Akanksha Singh, 0
the Self. student of Post Basic B. Sc. Nursing 1st Year ,College of
Nursing , Dhamtari .

2. 1 min To Introduce Introductin :- Kangaroo Mother Care is the early, Lecture Listening What is the topic
the Topic prolonged, and continuous skin-to-skin contact between Introduction ?
the mother (or substitute) and her baby, both in
hospital and after early discharge, with support for
positioning, feeding (ideally exclusive breastfeeding),
and prevention and management of infections and
breathing difficulties. What is the
3. 2 min To Define the Discussion Observing Definition of
Antenatal Definition :- Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a simple Antenatal
Examination method of care for low birth weight infants that includes Examination ?
early and prolonged skin-to-skin contact with the
mother (or a substitute caregiver) and exclusive and
frequent breastfeeding. This natural form of human care
stabilizes body temperature, promotes breast feeding,
prevents infection and other morbidities. This also leads
to early discharge, better neurodevelopment and
encourages bonding between mother and infant. KMC is
initiated in the hospital and continued at home until the What are the
4. 3 min To Explain infant needs it and for optimum care a regular follow-up Lecture Listening Purpose & Aims
the Purpose must be ensured. of Antenatal
& Aims of Examination ?
Antenatal
Examination Purpose :- The purpose of the guidelines is to:
 Present evidence based technical protocols to be
observed at the health facilities for KMC and
feeding of LBW infants. 
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 Provide appropriate guidance on:
Operationalization of KMC and LBW feeding
practices at different levels of health facilities.

 Choice of initial feeding method, progression of

oral feeds, and nutritional supplementation.

 The guidelines discuss not only various

protocols, but also the essential skills and
monitoring involved. It has been prepared for
health professionals providing care to LBW and
preterm infants in health facilities. Practical What are the
5. 2 min To explain instructions (or protocols) may be adapted to Lecture Listening Components of
the local norms for different categories of health Antenatal Care ?
Components workers available in various settings.
of Antenatal
Care  The guidelines are also aimed at decision-makers
and planners at various levels to help them
understand the prerequisites to implement KMC,
optimal feeding and follow-up of LBW infants.

 These should also be incorporated into pre-

service and in-service educational packages on
neonatal care.

Advantages of Kangaroo Mother care :-

 Mortality at discharge and at the latest follow-up,

 Skin-to-skin contact is effective in reducing pain

in infants during painful procedures. There
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appears to be no difference between mothers
and others who provide skin-to-skin contact What are the
6. 2 min To Explain during medical treatments. Lecture Listening Articles needed
the Articles for Antenatal
required for  Severe infection/sepsis, nosocomial infections, Examination ?
Antenatal lower respiratory tract disease. 
Examination
 Hypothermia and length of hospital stay. 

 Improved weight, length and head circumference


 Increased breastfeeding rates.

 Better mother-infant bonding and maternal

satisfaction with the method of care, as
compared with conventional methods.

 KMC is associated with reduced incidence of

severe illness including pneumonia during
infancy.

 KMC has been found to be more effective than

Lecture Listening
incubator care for stable newborns in: providing
adequate thermal care, reducing nosocomial
infections, improving exclusive breastfeeding
and weight gain.

 KMC facilitates physiological stability in baby

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Components of Kangaroo Mother Care :-
KMC consists of four components:
1. Kangaroo position (skin to skin contact)
2. Kangaroo nutrition
3. Kangaroo support
4. Kangaroo discharge

1. Kangaroo Position (skin to skin contact ) :-

Usually the infant is placed in an upright
position against the mother’s bare chest and between
her breasts. The infant is kept naked except for a nappy,
socks and woollen cap. Both mother and infant are
usually covered by a blanket or shirt. The kangaroo
position is also called skin-to-skin contact, as much of
the infant’s skin is in direct contact with the mother’s s

2. Kangaroo nutrition :-
Exclusively breast feeding on demand. With
KMC, most infants are either breast fed or fed expressed
breast milk by cup or nasogastric tube. Most small
infants should be fed every two hours. One of the
benefits of KMC is that these infants have easy access to
their mother’s breasts.
With KMC, successful breast feeding is common and
most infants are discharged home on breast feeds. The
duration of breast feeding is also much longer. With
KMC, many infants as immature as 30 weeks can begin
breast feeding. KMC increases the volume of milk that a
mother produces.
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3. Kangaroo support
This is the physical and emotional support
which is given when KMC is practiced.
 Support must be given by the nursing and
medical staff to the mother to assist and
encourage her to provide KMC.
 The whole family should be informed about KMC.
They may also need to be supported by the staff.
In turn, the family should support the mother.
The role of the father or partner is important in
supporting the mother. The support of the
mother-in-law is also helpful.
 The mother’s own mother has a very important
role to play in helping her to give KMC.
 The community should also be told about the
advantages of KMC. A supportive attitude by the
community helps the mother to succeed with
KMC.
 When introducing KMC into a hospital or clinic,
the staff often also need support.

4. Kangaroo discharge :-
With kangaroo discharge, the mother
leaves the hospital with her infant in the kangaroo
position and continues to provide KMC at home. This
practice has many advantages both to the mother and
her infant. Most low birth weight infants can be
discharged home earlier if KMC is used. By reducing the
time that these small infants stay in hospital, hospital
costs and staffing can be reduced. Mothers can get home
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to their families sooner. However, with early discharge
(kangaroo discharge), adequate follow-up care and
support are essential.

Predischarge planning is important. Each mother should

practice KMC while her infant is still in hospital. She
should also make arrangements for her return home
and emotionally prepare herself for KMC after
discharge. The family must be told that the infant will be
receiving KMC at home.

Kangaroo mother care Procedure :-

Kangaroo positioning procedure :–

 Baby should be placed between the mothers
breast in an upright position.

 The head should be tuned to one side and in a

slightly extended position. This position keeps
the airway open and allows eye to eye contact
between the mother and her baby. The baby’s hip
should be flexed and abducted in a frog position,
the arms also to be flexed.

 The baby’s abdomen should be at the level of the

mother’s epigastrium.

 Mother’s breathing stimulates the baby, thus

reducing the occurrence of apnoea.
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Monitoring of kangaroo mother care
 Babies receiving Kangaroo mother care (KMC)
should be monitored carefully especially during
the initial stages.

 Nursing staff should make sure that babies neck

position is either too flexed or too extended,
airway is clear, breathing is regular, colour is
pink and baby is maintaining temperature.

Duration for kangaroo mother care

When it comes to duration, skin to skin contact should
start gradually in the nursery, with a smooth transition
from conventional care to continuous kangaroo mother
care (KMC). Sessions last less than one hour should be
avoided because frequent handling may be stressful for
the baby. The mother can sleep with the baby in
Kangaroo mother care position in reclined or semi
recumbent position about 30degrees from horizontal.

When to stop kangaroo mother care (KMC)

(KMC)  kangaroo mother care is continued till the baby
finds it comfortable and cosy. KMC may be stopped once
the baby attains a weight of 2.5kg or a gestation of 37
weeks.

Conclusion :-
 Kangaroo mother care improves growth and reduces
morbidities in low birth weight infants. It is simple,
acceptable to mothers and can be continued at home.
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Summary :-
Kangaroo mother care is a method of care of preterm
infants. The method involves infants being carried,
usually by the mother, with skin-to-skin contact. This
guide is intended for health professionals responsible
for the care of low-birth-weight and preterm infants.
Designed to be adapted to local conditions, it provides
guidance on how to organize services at the referral
level and on what is needed to provide effective
kangaroo mother care. The guide includes practical
advice on when and how the kangaroo-mother-care
method can best be applied.