Professional Documents
Culture Documents
This idea was taken by Germans, what came about was the rifle 98
with an entire length of 94,5 cm (37,20 in) and barrel with length 43 cm
(16,93 in), that soon replaced Gewehr 98 rifle and became the standard
version of armament in the entire German army. The Rifle 98 was
modified several times, what resulted in the model Kar 98k that was the
standard rifle of Wehrmacht during WWII. It provides a non-removable
magazine for 5 rounds cal. 7.92 mm; with a muzzle velocity of about
860 m/s. Mauser was used also by Polish Army as a standard rifle until
1939. Initially it was made in Warsaw, later in Radom.
The Mauser 98k was a very popular rifle in German army. It was the
final modification of Mauser 98 rifle, developed on 1898. The Mauser
98k was very similar to his predecessor, but his barrel was shorter – it
was 60 cm (23.62 in) length; in 98 model it was 74 cm (29.13 in) length.
In 1935 it became primary Wehrmacht infantry weapon. Production
continued thru until the end of war with approximately 11 millions
weapons produced in several versions. Minor modifications were made
such as to the bolt but nothing significant was changed again. One of
the most popular variations of this rifle was the sniper version which
was equipped with either a ZF 41 or ZF 42. This version was
popularized in the recent motion picture, “Enemy at the Gates”.
The Mauser rifle has existed in many sport versions throughout the
world, quite a few examples were brought home by the allied
servicemen at the end of the Second World War. These were then
modified for use by civilians for hunting purposes. The design of the
safety is by far the simplest but by far the most reliable. It is among one
of the safest rifles that exist even by today‟s standards. One of the other
innovations was the cocked indicator for the weapon. It is obvious to a
rifleman that the weapon is cocked, even in the darkest of nights. All
one has to do is feel the rear of the bolt and if it is cocked the rear area
of the bolt is protruding. The safety itself consists of a handle or blade
that is on the rear of the bolt assembly. It has three positions as you
look at the bolt from the rear in the shooting position. With the handle
full to the left the rifle is in the “firing position” with the handle in the
vertical position the rifle is on safe, but the bolt can be opened to unload
or reload the weapon. And when the handle is in the full right position
the weapon is on full safety. In other words you cannot pull the trigger
nor can you open the bolt. The two stage military trigger is also of
exceptional quality. It is designed for the common soldier to learn his
trigger and breathing control quite well. One of the lesser known
accessories for this weapon was the grenade launcher adapter. This
consisted of the actual launcher, which attached to the front of the rifle
barrel, and the grenade launcher sight which aided in placing the rifle
grenade on target. These items were carried in a leather bag normally
on the left side of the soldier‟s waist belt.
Thanks for translate going to Crow & my Friend Marvin !!
- Home page Mauser 98k rifle build
- Short history of Mauser * ** *** **** ***** **** *** ** *
98k
- Short info The Karabiner 98k "Mauser" (often abbreviated "K98k" or "Kar98k") was
- Mauser 98k Rifle adopted in the mid 1930s and would be the most common infantry rifle
- Ammo in service within the German Army during World War II. The design was
- Mauser conditions based on developed from the Karabiner 98b, one of carbines developed
- Literature from the Model 1898 mentioned before. The K98k was first adopted by
- Other Models the Wehrmacht in 1935 to be the standard rifle, with many older
- Mauser factory codes versions being converted and shortened as well as the design itself
- entering production. Made by Gewehren begrenzt
Assembling/Disassembling
- Photo gallery In the name K98k, the first "K" stands for karabiner (carbine) and the
- Electrolysis second "k" for kurz (short). The "98" is derived from the earlier rifle's
- Other cleaning method's year of adoption (1898), though the carbine itself was adopted in 1935.
- Preservation
- Black oxiding The K98k is often confused as being the earlier Model 98 design;
- Schematics however, there are notable differences between them. The easiest to
- Download spot are its shorter length, and bent, rather than straight bolt handle.
- Links Less obvious are that it has different, simpler sights, and that is was a
- Info about page author "universal rifle" for all parts of the Heer rather than having both Carbine
- Info about page and full length versions.
- Message board
- Site map The rifle has a bolt-action and uses 7.92 x 57 mm rounds (referred to as
- E-mail 8 mm Mauser). It has an effective range of about 700 metres, but when
fitted with a high-quality scope, its range increases to 1,000 metres. The
K98k has a 5 round internal magazine and is loaded from 5 round
stripper clips that are inserted into a slot in front of the opened bolt and
pushed into the magazine with the thumb. The empty stripper clip is
then ejected from the gun when the bolt is pushed forward into position.
Trigger mechanism :
Lock's :
1 2 3
1- locked
2- locked but you can reload rifle
3- ready to fire
For iron
10 mm from length 300 m
7 mm from length 550 m
For steel
5 mm from length 100 m
3 mm from length 600 m
Mauser Bolt Rifles author Ludwig Olson. It's hard to find this book in
Poland, but it's really great book about Mausers rifles. It contains 360
pages. Publisher F. Brownell & Son. This book is adviced by Mauser
Jagdwaffen GmbH in Germany.
Another very interesting, and hard to find here, book about Mauser
rifles.
Mauser Military Rifles of the World author Robert W.D. Ball
- Home page Other Mauser models
- Short history of Mauser * ** *** **** ***** **** *** ** *
98k
- Short info Please choose from left menu model which you interesting in, to
- Other Models see addional detailed info about it.
- Czech vz.24
- Polish wz.29 Other models from Mauser factory
- Yugoslavian M48
- German Gew.98
- German 98"a"
- German 98"b"
- Mauser KKW
- Other models
- Mauser factory codes
-
Assembling/Disassembling
- Photo gallery
- Electrolysis
- Other cleaning method's
- Preservation
- Black oxiding
- Schematics
- Download
- Links
- Info about page author
- Info about page
- Message board
- Site map
- E-mail
Compare of few different models of Mauser (98, 98a, 98k)
- Home page Czechoslovakian Mauser vz.29
- Short history of Mauser * ** *** **** ***** **** *** ** *
98k
- Short info This Mauser version was produced in Czechoslovakia's factory
- Other Models Ceskoslovenska Zbrojovka in Brno on the German license with some
- Czech vz.24 updates. This modifications was used after in German 98k model.
- Polish wz.29
- Yugoslavian M48 Barrel caliber 7,92mm
- German Gew.98 Ammo caliber 8,2mm
- German 98"a" Lower range on 300m
- German 98"b" sight
- Mauser KKW Maximum range on 2000m
- Other models sight
- Mauser factory codes Maximum range 4000m
- Lenght without 1100mm
Assembling/Disassembling bayonet
- Photo gallery
Lenght with bayonet 1420mm
- Electrolysis
- Other cleaning method's Barrel lenght 600mm
- Preservation Weight without 3,9kg
- Black oxiding bayonet
- Schematics Magazine contains 5 rounds
- Download
- Links Main view on Mauser Vz.24
- Info about page author
- Info about page
- Message board
- Site map
- E-mail
Front side
Next, remove the wide front barrel band. Notice that it is connected to
the narrow rear barrel band by a steel bar that is actually a long
spring located between the barrel bands on the right side. The long
spring has a raised surface just aft of the front barrel band. Its
purpose is to enable the unlocking of the barrel bands.
2. Notice that the front barrel band has a locking pin on the right side.
This pin must be depressed in order to remove the front barrel band.
Do so by using a pair of large pliers or, preferably vice-grips. Insulate
the jaws of the vice-grips with heavy cloth or a piece of leather. This
will prevent scarring the wood or metal of the rifle. Engage the raised
surface of the long spring and encircle the stock just behind the barrel
band. Exert enough pressure until you see that the locking pin is out
of its hole in the front barrel band. Lock the vice grips in this position.
Now tap the front barrel band forward with a piece of wood. Do not
use a metal tool. It will come forward easily. Tap it all the way off.
Relax the vice grips.
Next, remove the rear barrel band. It has a sling slot on the left side.
With a piece of wood, tap the rear barrel band forward until it comes
off.
If you wish, you may remove the bayonet lug. Do so by using a small
punch and tap it out from the left side to the right until it comes out.
Be careful to notice that the pin is a one-way pin. It will work properly
in only one direction so remember which way it fits by marking the
„lead‟ end of it with a red marker. Tap the bayonet lug straight forward
and it will come right off.
3. Next, turn the rifle over. You can see the trigger guard and floorplate.
Remove the floorplate. Do so by using a small round piece of wood
(like a wooden pencil; DO NOT use a screwdriver!) and depress the
plunger in the hole at the rear of the floorplate. It will only move
about 1/8”.
NOTE:
Be aware of which end of the zig-zag follower spring holds the
floorplate and which end holds the follower. They look alike but they
are not. They only go on one way. Otherwise you risk feeding
failure(s).
Next, remove the trigger guard. It is held in place by two large screws
and two locking screws. Remove the locking screws and remember
where they came from. They are NOT interchangeable. The front lock
screw goes only in the front locking hole and the rear lock screw only
goes in the rear-locking hole. Remove the front and rear screws from
the trigger guard.
Grasp the trigger guard and lift it out of the stock. It will come straight
out. Lift the stock away from the action and barrel. It will lift right off.
The barrel assembly will them be free of the main stock assembly
and will be laying right in front of you!
The recoil lug remains in the stock. It is normally not removed. If you
choose to remove it, you must also replace it during reassembly. On
the right side of the stock you will see a round plate with two holes
designed for a special spanner wrench. The spanner wrench is
needed to remove (and replace) the round plate because it is tightly
threaded onto the recoil lug. The special spanner wrench is available
from us. With the wrench, fit its two prongs into the corresponding
holes and turn the plate counter-clockwise until it backs all the way
out. Once out, drive the recoil lug straight out of the stock with a small
piece of wood.
Next…if you wish, you may take out the trigger assembly. Do so by
driving out the trigger hinge pin around which the trigger „rotates‟.
Naturally it doesn‟t „rotate‟ very much. About 10 degrees. The hinge
pin comes out easily but still must be driven out with a small punch.
Once out, the trigger frame and assembly will literally fall out of the
receiver; it is that well designed. It has a small coil spring that lives in
a small cavity in the trigger frame. The spring is small and easy to
lose. It is also expensive to replace so be careful. The spring is the
trigger return spring and without it the rifle will fail.
Next…if you wish, you may take off the bolt release assembly. It is
located on the left rear of the receiver. It is held in place by a pointed
screw and it fits through two raised lugs built in to the left rear of the
receiver. You can‟t see them until you remove the bolt release
assembly. Just remove the screw in the normal fashion and lift off the
assembly but don‟t lose it. It is expensive to replace.
Attach the bolt release assembly onto the receiver locking it in place
with the pointed screw. Make sure it is spring powered and swings
and returns freely; with no drag.
Restore the original trigger assembly onto the receiver making sure
that the spring rests in its cavity and the hinge pin is put properly in
place. Test the movement of the trigger and make sure that it does
not bind in either direction. The trigger-return spring is built-in to the
new hunting / competition trigger assembly and is not a separate part.
Reassemble the recoil lug back into the stock if you removed it. You
will need the special spanner wrench to properly lock it down.
Reinstall the receiver / barrel / trigger assembly into the stock. Turn
the rifle over. Make sure the main-screw spacers are in place and
reinstall the trigger guard with the main screws and put the small
locking screws in their correct place (the same holes from which they
were removed).
Then reinstall the entire follower assembly into the magazine well.
Notice that the floorplate has two hook-like surfaces that engage the
magazine well. Hook the front one first and then depress and slide
forward the rear part of the floorplate. You will be overcoming the little
spring-loaded plunger that you depressed to remove the floorplate.
Make sure that the plunger „clicks‟ audibly into position.
Reinstall the upper handguard. Snap the clamp over the rear of the
barrel making sure that it „goes home‟ securely.
Reinstall the rear barrel band. Make sure that the sling-slot of the rear
barrel band is on the left side of the rifle. Tap the rear barrel band
back as far as it will go making sure that it butts up against the wall of
the stock and upper handguard.
Insert the rear part of the long locking spring under the rear barrel
band within its slot in the stock. Reinstall the front barrel band onto
the stock and upper handguard. You must use the vice grips again in
order to depress the raised surface of the long locking spring. The
spring must be depressed low enough to be sure the front barrel
band can slip over the small pin on the front of the spring. It locks the
front barrel band solidly in place. Also make sure it goes all the way
to the wall formed by the upper handguard and the stock. Tap it on
with a piece of wood. Do NOT use a screwdriver. Relax the vice
grips.
7. Reinstall the front sight hood. It must fit into the grooves on either
side of the front sight base. It is a strong spring-hood. Force the
rounded edges into the grooves and then tap it all the way on with a
piece of wood. There is a special tool that will grasp the hood and
allow you to easily „spread‟ the hood so that you can easily slip the
hood onto the front sight base.
Install the bolt assembly into the receiver. Make sure the safety is in
the upright, vertical position.
Make sure your rifle is coated with a light coat of high quality gun oil.
Congratulations…you have now properly reassembled your rifle
- Home page German stock
- Short history of Mauser * ** *** **** ***** **** *** ** *
98k
- Short info Standard stock made for Wehrmacht :
- Other Models Buttstock
- Mauser factory codes
-
Assembling/Disassembling
- Photo gallery
- Stock
- German 98k stock
- Polish wz.29 stock
- Czech vz.24 stock
- Gew.98 stock
- Stock copies
- Parts
- Factory stamps
- Bayonets
- Rifle 98k
- Rifle vz.24
- Rifle wz.29
- Rifle M48
- Portugal Mauser Buttstock
- Sniper models
- Others
- Electrolysis
- Other cleaning method's
- Preservation
- Black oxiding
- Schematics
- Download
- Links
- Info about page author
- Info about page
- Message board
- Site map
- E-mail
Inside view
Buttstock
Whole stock
Upper band
Buttstock
View on the receiver
Wehrmacht stock
German stocks in best condition
Upper band
Butt stock
- Home page Polish Mauser wz.29 stock
- Short history of Mauser * ** *** **** ***** **** *** ** *
98k
- Short info Front side of stock
- Other Models
- Mauser factory codes
-
Assembling/Disassembling
- Photo gallery
- Stock
- German 98k stock
- Polish wz.29 stock
- Czech vz.24 stock
- Gew.98 stock
- Stock copies
- Parts
- Factory stamps
- Bayonets
- Rifle 98k Main view of Polish Mauser wz.29
- Rifle vz.24
- Rifle wz.29
- Rifle M48
- Portugal Mauser
- Sniper models
Upper band of Polish Mauser
- Others
- Electrolysis
- Other cleaning method's
- Preservation
- Black oxiding
- Schematics
- Download
- Links
- Info about page author
- Info about page
- Message board
- Site map
- E-mail
Front side of stock
Main view
Another buttstock
Belt holders
Zoom on receiver
Gew 98.
View on bolt
- Home page Mauser 98k parts
- Short history of Mauser * ** *** **** ***** **** *** ** *
98k
- Short info In this galleries I collect many photos with mauser parts. Galleries are
- Other Models divided on most interesting parts od Mauser rifle. This section contain
- Mauser factory codes photos of random parts like: bolt, all metal parts without stock,
- receivers, barrel, and many more. After all you can find here almost all
Assembling/Disassembling metal parts what Mauser 98k contains.
- Photo gallery
- Stock
- Parts
- Bolt
- Barrel with receiver
- Sights
- Magazine and others
- Factory stamps
- Bayonets
- Rifle 98k
- Rifle vz.24
- Rifle wz.29
- Rifle M48
- Portugal Mauser
- Sniper models
- Others
- Electrolysis
- Other cleaning method's
- Preservation
- Black oxiding
- Schematics
- Download
- Links
- Info about page author
- Info about page
- Message board
- Site map
- E-mail
- Home page Mauser 98k bolts
- Short history of Mauser * ** *** **** ***** **** *** ** *
98k
- Short info Mauser 98k receiver with bolt
- Other Models
- Mauser factory codes
-
Assembling/Disassembling
- Photo gallery
- Stock
- Parts
- Bolt
- Barrel with receiver
- Sights
- Magazine and others
- Factory stamps
- Bayonets
- Rifle 98k
- Rifle vz.24
- Rifle wz.29
- Rifle M48
- Portugal Mauser
- Sniper models
- Others
- Electrolysis Bolt safety catch
- Other cleaning method's
- Preservation
- Black oxiding
- Schematics
- Download
- Links
- Info about page author
- Info about page
- Message board
- Site map
- E-mail
Bolt extractor
Safety catches
Another receiver
Main view
Side view
Barrel
Another barrel
Main view
- Home page Standard Mauser 98k sights and other
- Short history of Mauser * ** *** **** ***** **** *** ** *
98k
- Short info Standard German Mauser sight in usefull condition
- Other Models
- Mauser factory codes
-
Assembling/Disassembling
- Photo gallery
- Stock
- Parts
- Bolt
- Barrel with receiver
- Sights
- Magazine and others
- Factory stamps
- Bayonets
- Rifle 98k
- Rifle vz.24
- Rifle wz.29
- Rifle M48
- Portugal Mauser
- Sniper models
- Others German sight
- Electrolysis
- Other cleaning method's
- Preservation
- Black oxiding
- Schematics
- Download
- Links
- Info about page author
- Info about page
- Message board
- Site map
- E-mail
And another one
Like before
And side view
- Home page Magazine and other Mauser parts
- Short history of Mauser * ** *** **** ***** **** *** ** *
98k
- Short info Barrel cover
- Other Models
- Mauser factory codes
-
Assembling/Disassembling
- Photo gallery
- Stock
- Parts
- Bolt
- Barrel with receiver
- Sights
- Magazine and others
- Factory stamps
- Bayonets
- Rifle 98k
- Rifle vz.24
Original cleaning rod
- Rifle wz.29
- Rifle M48
- Portugal Mauser
- Sniper models
- Others
- Electrolysis
- Other cleaning method's
- Preservation
- Black oxiding
- Schematics
- Download
- Links
- Info about page author
- Info about page
- Message board Random parts
- Site map
- E-mail
Random bolt parts
Front band
Disassembled excavation Mauser
Magazine spring
- Home page Factory stamps on various Mausers parts
- Short history of Mauser * ** *** **** ***** **** *** ** *
98k
- Short info In this gallery You can find various photos of popular Mauser 98k
- Other Models factory stamps. Gallery is in three parts. First include factory stamps on
- Mauser factory codes receiver - almost all producer codes. In second one You can find
- technical check codes called Waffenamt. And the last gallery contains
Assembling/Disassembling all unsorted factory stamps on various parts.
- Photo gallery
- Stock
- Parts
- Factory stamps
- On receiver
- Waffenamt codes
- Others
- Bayonets
- Rifle 98k
- Rifle vz.24
- Rifle wz.29
- Rifle M48
- Portugal Mauser
- Sniper models
- Others
- Electrolysis
- Other cleaning method's
- Preservation
- Black oxiding
- Schematics
- Download
- Links
- Info about page author
- Info about page
- Message board
- Site map
- E-mail
- Home page Factory markings on receiver
- Short history of Mauser * ** *** **** ***** **** *** ** *
98k
- Short info Fabryka Broni Radom - receiver (Radom weapon factory - in
- Other Models Poland)
- Mauser factory codes
-
Assembling/Disassembling
- Photo gallery
- Stock
- Parts
- Factory stamps FB Warszawa 1926 - receiver (Warsaw weapon factory - in Poland)
- On receiver
- Waffenamt codes
- Others
- Bayonets
- Rifle 98k
- Rifle vz.24
- Rifle wz.29
- Rifle M48
- Portugal Mauser
- Sniper models
- Others
- Electrolysis
- Other cleaning method's
- Preservation Example factory code
- Black oxiding
- Schematics
- Download
- Links
- Info about page author
- Info about page
- Message board
- Site map
- E-mail
Factory code on receiver
Receiver
SS markings
Sniper version bcd 44 - Wilhelm-Gustloff-Werke, Weimar
Stamp on magazine
Magazine
Front band
Trigger
- Home page Bayonets used with Mauser 98 and 98k
- Short history of Mauser * ** *** **** ***** **** *** ** *
98k
- Short info This gallery including photos of various bayonets made in Germany or
- Other Models Poland and many other countrys like Yugoslavian, or Czech.
- Mauser factory codes
-
Assembling/Disassembling
- Photo gallery
- Stock
- Parts
- Factory stamps
- Bayonets
- Polish
- German
- Others
- Rifle 98k
- Rifle vz.24
- Rifle wz.29
- Rifle M48
- Portugal Mauser
- Sniper models
- Others
- Electrolysis
- Other cleaning method's
- Preservation
- Black oxiding
- Schematics
- Download
- Links
- Info about page author
- Info about page
- Message board
- Site map
- E-mail
- Home page Polish bayonet for Mauser 98k called "Perkun"
- Short history of Mauser * ** *** **** ***** **** *** ** *
98k
- Short info Main view in case
- Other Models
- Mauser factory codes
-
Assembling/Disassembling
- Photo gallery
- Stock
- Parts
- Factory stamps
- Bayonets
- Polish
- German
- Others
- Rifle 98k
- Rifle vz.24
- Rifle wz.29
- Rifle M48
- Portugal Mauser
- Sniper models Like before, but from other side
- Others
- Electrolysis
- Other cleaning method's
- Preservation
- Black oxiding
- Schematics
- Download
- Links
- Info about page author
- Info about page
- Message board
- Site map
- E-mail
How hand-holder looks
Cutting edge
Front of bayonet case
And more
Another one
Two standard types of German Mauser stocks
Buttstock
Rear sight
Bolt
Waffenamt and serial number
Mod 98k
Brand new receiver for Mausera 98k
Closed bolt
German 98k with bayonet in "garret" condition
Rear sight
Open bolt in receiver
Top view
Closed bolt
bolt in receiver
Bolt in receiver. (See how this Mauser was deactivated pos war)
Whole metal parts
Front sight
- Home page Czechoslovakian Mauser Vz.24
- Short history of Mauser * ** *** **** ***** **** *** ** *
98k
- Short info Mauser vz.24 main view
- Other Models
- Mauser factory codes
-
Assembling/Disassembling
- Photo gallery
- Stock
- Parts
- Factory stamps
- Bayonets
- Rifle 98k Another Vz.24
- Rifle vz.24
- Rifle wz.29
- Rifle M48
- Portugal Mauser
- Sniper models
- Others Receiver with bolt
- Electrolysis
- Other cleaning method's
- Preservation
- Black oxiding
- Schematics
- Download
- Links
- Info about page author
- Info about page
- Message board
- Site map
- E-mail
Open bolt
Bolt in receiver
Front sight
Main view
Buttstock
Main view
- Home page Yugoslavian Mauser model wz.48
- Short history of Mauser * ** *** **** ***** **** *** ** *
98k
- Short info Model M48 with bayonet
- Other Models
- Mauser factory codes
-
Assembling/Disassembling
- Photo gallery
- Stock
- Parts
- Factory stamps Two M48
- Bayonets
- Rifle 98k
- Rifle vz.24
- Rifle wz.29
- Rifle M48
- Portugal Mauser
- Sniper models
- Others
- Electrolysis
- Other cleaning method's Main view
- Preservation
- Black oxiding
- Schematics
- Download
- Links
- Info about page author
- Info about page
- Message board Another M48 with other stock
- Site map
- E-mail
Main view
M48
M48 disassembled
- Home page Portugal Mauser 98k in great shape from 1937
- Short history of Mauser * ** *** **** ***** **** *** ** *
98k
- Short info This is German Mauser 98k made for Portugal in 1937. Serial number
- Other Models 3199.
- Mauser factory codes
- View on bolt in receiver
Assembling/Disassembling
- Photo gallery
- Stock
- Parts
- Factory stamps
- Bayonets
- Rifle 98k
- Rifle vz.24
- Rifle wz.29
- Rifle M48
- Portugal Mauser
- Sniper models
- Others
- Electrolysis
- Other cleaning method's
- Preservation
- Black oxiding
- Schematics Main view
- Download
- Links
- Info about page author
- Info about page
- Message board
- Site map
- E-mail
Factory stamp on receiver and Waffenamts
Rear sight
Factory stamp on receiver
Buttstock
Rear view
Factory stamps on buttstock
Receiver with factory codes
Front bands
Buttstock
View on bolt
- Home page Mauser 98k sniper models
- Short history of Mauser * ** *** **** ***** **** *** ** *
98k
- Short info
- Other Models
- Mauser factory codes
-
Assembling/Disassembling 1.
- Photo gallery
- Stock
- Parts
- Factory stamps
- Bayonets 2.
- Rifle 98k
- Rifle vz.24
- Rifle wz.29
- Rifle M48
- Portugal Mauser 3.
- Sniper models
- Scopes
- Others
- Electrolysis
- Other cleaning method's
- Preservation 4.
- Black oxiding
- Schematics
- Download
- Links
- Info about page author
5.
- Info about page
- Message board
- Site map
- E-mail
6.
7.
8.
Another receiver
4. Mod 98.
5.
4. German uniforms