CE – 252

Credits: 2 + 1
Min. Contact Hours (Theory): 32
Batch: UG CE 2k19
Spring 2021 Semester

Fluid Mechanics - II

Lecture 5 – Velocity Distribution For Both Smooth And Rough Pipes

Atif Rasheed Baloch

Lecturer Civil Engineering Department
NUST Balochistan Campus, Quetta,
Pakistan
Cell: 92-333-7714643, Email: atif.rahan82@gmail.com
 Contents
• Common Equation for Velocity Distribution for both Smooth and Rough Pipes

• Velocity Distribution for Turbulent Flow in Smooth Pipes by Power Law

• Resistance to Flow of Fluid in Smooth and Rough Pipes

• Solved Examples

Fluid Mechanics - II Spring Semester 2021 (Atif Rasheed) 2

 Common Equation for Velocity Distribution for both Smooth and Rough Pipes 3

Refer Fig. 11·5. Consider an elementary circular

ring of radius r and thickness dr as shown in Fig.
11·5. The distance of the ring from the pipe wall,

…… Eq. (11.26)

Fluid Mechanics - II Spring Semester 2021 (Atif Rasheed)

 Common Equation for Velocity Distribution for both Smooth and Rough Pipes 4

…… Eq. (11.26)

In the case of smooth pipes, the velocity distribution is

given by Eqn. as:

Eq. (11.26)

…… Eq. (11.27)

Fluid Mechanics - II Spring Semester 2021 (Atif Rasheed)

 Common Equation for Velocity Distribution for both Smooth and Rough Pipes 5

…… Eq. (11.26)

In case of rough pipes, the velocity at any point in the

turbulent flow is given by eqn. (11·25) as:

…… Eq. (11.28)

Fluid Mechanics - II Spring Semester 2021 (Atif Rasheed)

 Common Equation for Velocity Distribution for both Smooth and Rough Pipes 6

…… Eq. (11.24)

From eqns. (11·24) and (11·27) by subtraction,

we have:

Fluid Mechanics - II Spring Semester 2021 (Atif Rasheed)

 Common Equation for Velocity Distribution for both Smooth and Rough Pipes 7

…… Eq. (11.25)

Similarly, From eqns. (11·25) and (11·28) by

subtraction, we have:

As eqns. (i) and (ii) are identical, the velocity

distribution in both types of pipes is the same.

The common equation holds good for both types of

pipes due to the reason that the velocity distribution
for the turbulent core is identical in both cases

Fluid Mechanics - II Spring Semester 2021 (Atif Rasheed)

 Solved Examples 8

Fluid Mechanics - II Spring Semester 2021 (Atif Rasheed)

 Velocity Distribution for Turbulent Flow in Smooth Pipes by Power Law 9

The derived equations so for the velocity distribution for turbulent flow are inconvenient to use, being
logarithmic in nature. Nikuradse, through experiments, established the following velocity distribution law
(exponential form) for smooth pipes:

𝟏
Eqn. (11·31) is known as 𝟕 𝒕𝒉 power law
of velocity distribution for smooth pipes.

Fluid Mechanics - II Spring Semester 2021 (Atif Rasheed)

 Resistance to Flow of Fluid in Smooth and Rough Pipes 10

Fluid Mechanics - II Spring Semester 2021 (Atif Rasheed)

 Resistance to Flow of Fluid in Smooth and Rough Pipes 11

Fluid Mechanics - II Spring Semester 2021 (Atif Rasheed)

 Resistance to Flow of Fluid in Smooth and Rough Pipes 12

Fluid Mechanics - II Spring Semester 2021 (Atif Rasheed)

 Resistance to Flow of Fluid in Smooth and Rough Pipes 13

Fluid Mechanics - II Spring Semester 2021 (Atif Rasheed)

 Resistance to Flow of Fluid in Smooth and Rough Pipes 14

Fluid Mechanics - II Spring Semester 2021 (Atif Rasheed)

 Resistance to Flow of Fluid in Smooth and Rough Pipes 15

The experimental results obtained by Nikuradse follow closely

the trend of the following equation, (instead of eqn. 11·38):

Fluid Mechanics - II Spring Semester 2021 (Atif Rasheed)

 Resistance to Flow of Fluid in Smooth and Rough Pipes 16

Fluid Mechanics - II Spring Semester 2021 (Atif Rasheed)

 Solved Examples 17

Fluid Mechanics - II Spring Semester 2021 (Atif Rasheed)

 Solved Examples 18

Now

Fluid Mechanics - II Spring Semester 2021 (Atif Rasheed)

 Solved Examples 19

C.I
Steel

Fluid Mechanics - II Spring Semester 2021 (Atif Rasheed)

 Solved Examples 20

Fluid Mechanics - II Spring Semester 2021 (Atif Rasheed)

 Solved Examples 21

C.I
Steel

Fluid Mechanics - II Spring Semester 2021 (Atif Rasheed)

 Solved Examples 22

C.I
Steel

Fluid Mechanics - II Spring Semester 2021 (Atif Rasheed)

 Self Practice Problems (Homework) 23

Solve the following examples by yourselves

“Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines” by R.K Rajput. 5th Edition

Fluid Mechanics - II Spring Semester 2021 (Atif Rasheed)

Thank you for your attention

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