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Theory
Undoubtedly one of the easiest parts of CAT. Most of the formulae in this section can be
deduced logically with little effort. The di cult part of the problem is translating the
sentences into areas of the venn diagram. While solving, pay careful attention to phrases
like and, or, not, only, in as these generally signify the relationship.
Formula
Formula
Consider three intersecting sets A, B and C. A represents all the elements in set A
and A’ represents all the elements not in A. The image shows the different areas in
a venn diagram and the meaning of each area.* n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) −
n(A ∩ B)
n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C)-n(A ∩ B) - n(B ∩ C) - n(A ∩ C) +
n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
Only A can be translated as A and not B and not C
Similarly, A’ and B’ and C’ = Universal set – (A or B or C)
Theory
Maxima and minima of overlap: As shown in the image, what is the maximum and
minimum value of X?
Online
To maximize X, we must assume that for the smaller set A, A and B’=0. Hence all of
A’s 64 elements are in A and B. Therefore max of X=64
To minimize X, we must assume that the union of A and B is as large as possible.
In this case, A or B=100. Hence, n(A or B)=n(A)+n(B)-n(A and B). Hence n(A and
B)=64+82-100=46.
Theory
The similar concept applies for venn diagrams with three sets. Remember that,
To maximize overlap,
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