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The results of some of the questions (3 - 7) are of generic nature. As such, they can also be
We need to know two sets A and B in order to evaluate "
BA
AB
" are elements of set A. Hence, 1,2 and 3 are the elements of set A. On the
other hand, second elements of ordered pairs of AXB are elements of set B. Hence, 2 and 3 are elements Now, it is given that there are total 6 elements in the Cartesian product, which is equal to the product of numbers of elements in two sets i.e. 3 X 2. It means that we have identied all elements of sets A and B.
A = {1, 2, 3} B = {2, 3}
Following the rule for writing Cartesian product in terms of ordered pairs, we have :
AB
". Also write power set of AXB in roaster form. The total numbers of elements in the Cartesian product "
Solution :
AB
q are the numbers of elements in the individual sets A and B respectively. The all possible subsets that can be formed including empty set and the product "
AB
" itself is :
n = 2pq = 22X2 = 24 = 16
Now, the Cartesian product is :
Version
1.2: Aug 27, 2009 8:11 am GMT-5
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P (A B) = {, {(1, 3)}, {(1, 4)}, {(2, 3)}, {(2, 4)}, {(1, 3) , (1, 4)}, {(1, 3) , (2, 3)}, {(1, 3) , (2, 4)}, {(1, 4) , (2, 3)}, {(1, 4) , (2, 4)}, {(2, 3) , (2, 4)}, {(1, 3) , (1, 4) , (2, 3)}, {(1, 3) , (1, 4) , (2, 4)}, {(1, 3) , (2, 3) , (2, 4)}, {(1, 4) , (2, 3) , (2, 4)} {(1, 3) , (1, 4) , (2, 3) , (2, 4)}}
It is easy to follow a scheme to write combination in which order is not relevant. We can denote each of the ordered pair with a symbol like :
A B = {a, b, c, d}
As pointed out for generating combination for ordered pair, we can start with the left element and keep changing the last element of the combination till all combinations are exhausted. Here, power set in terms of symbols is :
P (A B) = {, {a}, {b}, {c}, {d}, {(a, b) , {(a, c)}, {(a, d)}, {(b, c) , {(b, d)}, {(c, d)}, {(a, b, c)}, {(a, b, d)}, {(a, c, d)}, {(b, c, d)}, {(a, b, c, d)}}
1.3 Problem 3 : If "
AB
AC BC
Solution :
Let us rst discuss the logic of the relation here. The elements of set A are common to
set B. Now Cartesian product of set "A" with set C will yield ordered pairs, which are common with the ordered pairs of the Cartesian product "B" with "C". However, as set B is either larger than or equal to, but not smaller than A, it follows that above relation should hold. Now, we prove the relation analytically. Let an arbitrary ordered pair (x,y) belongs to Cartesian product "
AC
".
(x, y) A C
According to denition of Cartesian product,
xA
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and
yC
xB
xB
Again, applying denition of Cartesian product,
and
yC
(x, y) B C
This means that :
AC BC
1.4 Problem 4 :
If
AB
and
CD
AC BD
Solution :
AC
".
(x, y) A C
According to denition of Cartesian product,
xA
But A is subset of B. Hence,
and y C yD
.
xB
xB
Again, applying denition of Cartesian product,
and
yD
(x, y) CXD
This means that :
AC BD
1.5 Problem 5 : For any given four sets A, B, C and D, prove that :
(A B) (C D) = (A C) (B D)
Solution :
(A B) (C D) .
Then,
(x, y) (A B) (C D)
Applying denition of intersection,
(x, y) A B
Applying denition of Cartesian product,
and
(x, y) C D
(x A
and
y B)
and
(x C
and
y D)
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(x A
and
x C)
and
(y B
and
y D)
(x A C)
Again, applying denition of Cartesian product,
and
(y B D)
(x, y) (A C) X (B D)
This means that :
(A B) (C D) (A C) (B D)
Similarly, starting from RHS, we can prove that :
(A C) (B D) (A B) (C D)
If sets are subsets of each other, then they are equal. Hence,
(A B) (C D) = (A C) (B D)
1.6 Problem 6 : Let A and B be two non-empty sets. If the numbers of common elements be n between
sets A and B, then nd the common elements between Cartesian products
Solution :
AB
and
BA
.
The common elements between sets A and B is n. This means :
n (A B) = n
We are required to evaluate the expression,
n [(A B) (B A)]
We have earlier seen that four given sets,
(A B) (C D) = (A C) (B D)
If we put C = B and D = A in this equation, then expression on the left hand side of the equation becomes what is required.
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1.7 Problem 7 : Let A, B and C be three sets. Then prove that :
AX (B C ) = (A B) (A C)
Solution :
(B C) = B C
Applying to the LHS, we have :
A (B C ) = A [(B ) (C ) ]
Now, component of complement set is set itself. Hence,
A (B C ) = A (B C)
Applying distributive property of product operator over intersection operator, we have :
A (B C ) = (A B) (A C)
1.8 Problem 8 :
Let A, B and C be three sets. Then prove that :
AX (B C ) = (A B) (A C)
Solution :
(B C) = B C
Applying to the LHS, we have :
A (B C ) = A [(B ) (C ) ]
Now, component of complement set is set itself. Hence,
A (B C ) = A (B C)
Applying distributive property of product operator over union operator, we have :
A (B C ) = (A B) (A C)
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