Sustainable Development Goals

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or Global Goals are a collection of 17

interlinked global goals designed to be a "blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable
future for all". The SDGs were set in 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly and are
intended to be achieved by the year 2030. They are included in a UN Resolution called the 2030
Agenda or what is colloquially known as Agenda 2030.

The 17 SDGs are:

 No Poverty
 Zero Hunger
 Good Health and Well- Being
 Quality Education
 Gender Equality
 Clean Water and Sanitation
 Affordable and Clean Energy
 Decent Work and Economic Growth
 Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
 Reduced Inequalities
 Sustainable Cities and Communities
 Responsible Consumption and Production
 Climate Action
 Life Below Water
 Life on Land
 Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
 Partnerships for the Goals
Sustainable Development Goal #1 No Poverty

“End Poverty in all its forms everywhere”

Eradicating poverty in all its forms remains one of the greatest challenges facing humanity.
While the number of people living in extreme poverty dropped by more than half between 1990
and 2015, too many are still struggling forthe most basic human needs.

Some Facts:

 According to the most recent estimates, in 2015, 10 percent of the world’s population or

734 million people lived on less than $1.90 a day.
 Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa are expected to see the largest increases in
extreme poverty, with an additional 32 million and 26 million people, respectively, living
below the international poverty line as a result of the pandemic.
 The share of the world’s workers living in extreme poverty fell by half over the last
decade: from 14.3 per cent in 2010 to 7.1 per cent in 2019.
 Even before COVID-19, baseline projections suggested that 6 per cent of the global
population would still be living in extreme poverty in 2030, missing the target of ending
poverty. The fallout from the pandemic threatens to push over 70 million people into
extreme poverty.

Infographics:
Sustainable Development Goal #2: Zero Hunger

“End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and

promote sustainable agriculture”

This goal aims to end hunger in all forms including malnutrition and to accomplish food security
by 2030. It also ensures that everyone and anyone can have good-quality food to have a
healthy life. This goal will have a better access to food and extensive promotion of sustainable
agriculture.

Goals:

2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in
vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round.

2.2 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally
agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the
nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons.

2.3 By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in
particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including
through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge,
financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment.

2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural
practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that
strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and
other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality.

2.5 By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and
domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and
diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote
access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic
resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed.

2.A Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural

infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant
and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing
countries, in particular least developed countries.

2.B Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets, including
through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and all export
measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development
Round.
2.C Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their
derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in
order to help limit extreme food price volatility.

Infographics:
Philippine Setting

President of the Philippines Rodrigo Roa Duterte signed Executive Order 101 creating an
InterAgency Task Force on Zero Hunger (IATFZH). This order aims to end hunger in the country
by 2030 in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal #2: Zero Hunger.

Sustainable Development Goal #3: Good Health and Well-being

“Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”

This goal aims to ensure good health and well-being for all, including dedication in ending the
epidemics of AIDS, Tuberculosis, malaria, and other communicable diseases by 2030. It also
seeks to attain universal health coverage, and yield access to safe and effective medicines and
vaccines for all.

Goals:

3.1 By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births.

3.2 By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all
countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and
under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births.

3.3 By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases
and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases.

3.4 By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through
prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being.

3.5 Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse
and harmful use of alcohol.

3.6 By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents.

3.7 By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including
for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into
national strategies and programmes.

3.8 Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality
essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential
medicines and vaccines for all.

3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals
and air, water and soil pollution and contamination.
3.A Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on
Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate.

3.B Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable
and noncommunicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries, provide access to
affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the
TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which affirms the right of developing countries to use to
the full the provisions in the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
regarding flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for
all.

3.C Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training and
retention of the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least developed countries
and small island developing States.

3.D Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning,
risk reduction and management of national and global health risks.

Infographics:
Sustainable Development Goal 4

Quality Education
This goal ensures that all girls and boys complete free primary and secondary schooling
by 2030. It also aims to provide equal access to affordable vocational training, and to
eliminate gender and wealth disparities with the aim of achieving universal access to a
quality higher education.

FACTS AND FIGURES

 Enrollment in primary education in developing countries has reached 91 percent.

 Still, 57 million primary-aged children remain out of school, more than half of
them in sub-Saharan Africa.
 In developing countries, one in four girls is not in school.
 About half of all out-of-school children of primary school age live in conflict-
affected areas.
 103 million youth worldwide lack basic literacy skills, and more than 60 percent of
them are women.
 6 out of 10 children and adolescents are not achieving a minimum level of
proficiency in reading and math.

GOAL TARGETS:

 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality
primary and secondary education leading to relevant and Goal-4 effective
learning outcomes

 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood
development, care and preprimary education so that they are ready for
primary education

 By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality
technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university

 By 2030, substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have
relevant skills, including technical and vocational skills, for employment,
decent jobs and entrepreneurship
  By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to
all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including
persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable
situations

 By 2030, ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men
and women, achieve literacy and numeracy

 By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to
promote sustainable development, including, among others, through education
for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender
equality, promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship
and appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture’s contribution to
sustainable development

 Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender
sensitive and provide safe, nonviolent, inclusive and effective learning
environments for all

 By 2020, substantially expand globally the number of scholarships available to

developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island
developing States and African countries, for enrolment in higher education,
including vocational training and information and communications technology,
technical, engineering and scientific programmes, in developed countries and
other developing countries

 By 2030, substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers, including

through international cooperation for teacher training in developing countries,
especially least developed countries and small island developing states

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

American Society for Quality Control (1990) stated an interpretation of quality

education as “the totality of features and characteristics of products or service that bear
on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs. This definition sees the education as
commodity which satisfies the needs of a consumer. Can we take education just as a
commodity? What about the social and ethical values of quality education?

Sustainable Development goals explained that quality education involved that the
learners develop foundational literacy and numeracy skills at a minimum as a building
blocks for further learning as well as high order learning skills. This is the definition of
quality education in the context of Sustainable Development Goal as it advocates for the
foundation learning both in term of numerical and non-numerical which can promote
further learning including higher order cognitive skills.
 Many studies found that there is a powerful connection between quality education
and sustainable development goals. They established that quality education can
conduct big changes in the planning, policy making, and implementation of Sustainable
Development Goals.

Sustainable Development Goal 5

Gender Equality

Ending all discrimination against women and girls is not only a basic human right, it’s
crucial for sustainable future; it’s proven that empowering women and girls helps
economic growth and development.

UNDP has made gender equality central to its work and we’ve seen remarkable
progress in the past 20 years. There are more girls in school now compared to 15 years
ago, and most regions have reached gender parity in primary education.

But although there are more women than ever in the labour market, there are still
large inequalities in some regions, with women systematically denied the same work
rights as men. Sexual violence and exploitation, the unequal division of unpaid care and
domestic work, and discrimination in public office all remain huge barriers. Climate
change and disasters continue to have a disproportionate effect on women and
children, as do conflict and migration.

It is vital to give women equal rights land and property, sexual and reproductive
health, and to technology and the internet. Today there are more women in public office
than ever before, but encouraging more women leaders will help achieve greater
gender equality.

FACTS AND FIGURES:

 Women earn only 77 cents for every dollar that men get for the same work.
 35 percent of women have experienced physical and/or sexual violence
 Women represent just 13 percent of agricultural landholders.
 Almost 750 million women and girls alive today were married before their 18th
birthday.
  Two thirds of developing countries have achieved gender parity in primary
education.
 Only 24 percent of national parliamentarians were women as of November 2018,
a small increase from 11.3 percent in 1995.

GOAL TARGETS:

 End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere

 Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and
private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation

 Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and
female genital mutilation

 Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of
public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion
of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally
appropriate

 Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for
leadership at all levels of decision making in political, economic and public life

 Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive

rights as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the
International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing
Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences

 Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well

as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property,
financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with
national laws

 Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and

communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women

 Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the
promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at
all levels

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE:

According to Miglietti (2019), equal involvement of women and men is necessary

to address emerging global challenges to humanity and to achieve sustainable
development. Even though women’s contribution in decision making level is increasingly
being recognized by the international community, the gender gap in this field is still
contemporary.

As stated by Zoellick (2012) in his World Development Report, “Gender equality is

at the heart of development. It's the right development objective, and it's smart
economic policy.” Regardless of this understanding, gender disparities still persevere in
both developed and undeveloped countries across the globe. Gender parity is strongly
emphasized across the 17 sustainable development goals to achieve progress towards
the target. Studies proved that gender and development are linked in a symbiotic
relationship; as a country develops, so too does its gender its equality indicator improve.
For instance, if women’s illiteracy decreases, women’s rights progress. (World Bank,
2012)

Empowering women and achieving gender equality is fundamental to progress in all

17 goals. More often than not, women empowerment and providing equal opportunities
for them to participate is public and private sphere would carry on fostering sustainable
development and benefits current and future generation.

SGD 6: Clean Water andSanitation

According to the UN, “Clean water is a basic human need, and one that should
easily be accessible, there is sufficient fresh water on the planet to achieve this.
However, due to poor infrastructure, investment and planning, every year, millions of
people – most of them children – die from diseases associated with inadequate water
supply, sanitation, and hygiene.”

SDG 6 TARGET GOAL:

Target 6.1: By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable
drinking water for all
Target 6.2: By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene
for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and
girls and those in vulnerable situations <br>

Target 6.3: By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping
and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of
untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally
Target 6.4: By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and
ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and
substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity
Target 6.5: By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels,
including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate
Target 6.6: By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including
mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes
Target 6.a: By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to
developing countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes,
including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment,
recycling and reuse technologies
Target 6.b: Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving
water and sanitation management

WASH

(Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene)

The International Organization for Migration (IOM) developed a program called

WASH meaning Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene. IOM is making sure that they are
appropriately delivering WASH interventions by directly providing water, sanitation, and
hygiene promotion and they have done this through coordination with local and
international partners. The WASH interventions already reached 23 countries with a
total of5.6 million beneficiaries. Major programs are done in South Sudan, Sudan,
Yemen, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Somalia, and Nigeria. These people are the increase of
25% from 2017 and the 33% increase from 2016.
The IOM WASH strategic plan 2019-2022 is founded on four core principles:
Scalable; means that the infrastructure and services of WASH are planned to address
the needs of their target populations during emergencies and is designed so that
upgrading it for a lasting solution would be possible.
Immediate; in a sense that the response of WASH is important to control water-borne
diseases from spreading and to maintain the health of their target population noting that
they will focus on affected populations that are not easily reached.
Sustainable; with the help of appropriate approaches and the right technology, WASH
interventions will be able to authorize the target populations to own and adapt
accordingly to solve the current and incoming needs of WASH.
Appropriate; the technologies and ways that WASH are taking action is in line with the
circumstances, knowledge, and needs of the population that will receive it.
 The International Organization for Migration (IOM) plans to adjust their WASH
services to help the prevention of the virus, as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The adjusted services will include supporting the affected, at-risk, low-capacity, and
fragile countries to avoid the spread of infection in health facilities and to help secure
the WASH services.

UN announced on a special event on July 9, 2020, that they will accelerate

progress to achieve the water and sanitation-related SDGs. They announced that it will
be a creation of a new framework that will confirm the availability and sustainable
management of water and sanitation for everyone. They believe that these will help
support the countries and achieve their aims for SDG 6 for the following ten years.
United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres admitted that the SDG 6 is “badly
off track,” and that it is holding back their progress on the 2030 agenda.
He also stated that, “Water globally is threatened by the twin threats of increasing
demand and withdrawals and the degradation of water sources and associated
ecosystems due to climate change, pollution and other threats. The water and sanitation
crisis demands a holistic, systemic and multilateral response.” This SDG 6 Global
Acceleration Framework has been developed in partnership with over 30 UN entities
and 40 international organizations.

References:

Unknown. (2021, Jan. 5). Sustainable Development Goals. Retrieved from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals

Unknown. (n.d.). Goal 1: End Poverty in all its forms everywhere. Retrieved from

https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/poverty/

Unknown. (2020, Dec. 16). WFP’s Support to the Philippines Government’s Initiatives in

Achieving Zero Hunger by 2030 – 2020. Reliefweb. Retrieved from https://reliefweb

.int/report/philippines/wfp-s-support-philippines-government-s-initiatives-achieving-zero-
hunger2030#:~:text=In%202020%2C%20the%20President%20of,Goal%20%232%3A%
20Zero%20Hunger.

Unknown. (n.d.) Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. United

Nations. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/health/.

Unknown. (n.d.). Goal 2: Zero Hunger. United Nations. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/
sustainabledevelopment/hunger/.

Allam, M. (2019, October). Exploring the relation between quality education and the sustainable

development goals (SDGs). ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

336829545_EXPLORING_THE_RELATION_BETWEEN_QUALITY_EDUCATION_AND
THE_SUSTAINABLE_DEVELOPMENT_GOALS_SDGs.

Quality education. (n.d.). UNDP. Retrieved January 6, 2021, from

https://www.undp.org/c

ontent/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-4-quality-education.html.

Gender equality. (n.d.). UNDP. Retrieved January 6, 2021, from

https://www.undp.org/ .

content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-5-gender-equality.html.

Miglietti, A. (2019, December 2). Powerful synergies: gender equality, sustainable

development and peace. Austria's Leading International University | Modul University

Vienna.https://www.modul.ac.at/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=10429&token=560e8b4
00c0d9b06b137dc3cc33d8e5a8c0627a0.

UN Environment Programme. GOAL 6: Clean water and sanitation. Retrieved from https://www.

unenvironment.org/explore-topics/sustainable-development-goals/why-do-sustainable-
development-goals-matter/goal-6.

International Organization for Migration. Water, sanitation, and hygiene. Retrieved from

https://www.iom.int/WASH.

International Organization for Migration. (2020). IOM combats COVID-19 with clean water,

sanitation and hygiene. Retrieved from https://us19.campaign-archive.com/?e=&u=

2dca09f67efb6fc090574a83f&id=d5de5ff834.

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2020, July 9). United

Nations launches framework to speed up progress on water and sanitation goal.

Retrieved from https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/sustainable/sdg6-
global-acceleration-framework.html.