TOP 8 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 2019

SUBMITTED TO: DR. AMIYA MOHAPATRA

SUBMITTED BY: CHERIN.C.SAM
ROLLNO. – 19PGDM024
SEC- A
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Sustainable development goals also known as the global goals. Its inception was
done by all the united nations members in 2015. Four years after signing the 2030
Agenda for Sustainable
Development, Member countries have taken action to integrate the Goals and
targets into their national development plans and to policies and institutions
behind them. It is the plan to ensure protection of the planet and to ensure all
people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030. The year 2030 is just over a decade
away and we must ask our self are we on the right direction or path to achieve
sustainable development goals by 2030.

1. NO POVERTY
The decline of extreme poverty continues, but the pace has slowed, and the world
is not on track to achieving the target of ending poverty by 2030. Extreme poverty
today is concentrated and overwhelmingly affecting rural populations.
Increasingly, it is exacerbated by violent conflicts and climate change. Tackling the
remaining pockets of extreme poverty will be challenging due to their persistence
and complexity—often involving the interplay of social, political and economic
factors. Effective social protection schemes and policies, along with government
spending on key services, can help those left behind get back on their feet and
find a way out of poverty. The share of the world’s population living in extreme
poverty decreased to 10 per cent in 2015, from 16 per cent in 2010 and 36 per
cent in 1990. More than one billion people have lifted themselves out of poverty
over the past 25 years. Much of this progress was in Eastern Asia, where the
poverty rate fell from 52 per cent in 1990 to 10 per cent in 2010 to less than 1 per
cent in 2015.

IMPACT OF NO POVERTY ON INDIAN ECONOMY

Global reduction in extreme poverty was driven mainly by Asia – notably China
and India. Between 2005-06 and 2015-16, the incidence of multidimensional
poverty in India was almost halved, climbing down to 27.5 percent from 54.7
percent as per the 2018 global Multidimensional Poverty Index report. Within ten
years, the number of poor people in India fell by more than 271 million (from 635
million to 364 million). Traditionally disadvantaged subgroups such as rural
dwellers, scheduled castes and tribes, Muslims, and young children are still the
poorest in 2015-16. However, the biggest reductions in multidimensional poverty
has been witnessed among the poorest and traditionally disadvantaged groups –
across states, castes, religions and age-groups. Multidimensional poverty among
children under 10 has fallen the fastest. In 2005-06 there were 292 million poor
children in India, so the latest figures represent a 47 percent decrease or a 136
million fewer children growing up in multidimensional poverty. The Government
of India has many progressive schemes, including the world’s largest employment
guarantee scheme, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee
Scheme, and the National Social Assistance Programme.
 ROADAHEAD AND TARGETS GOAL 1
 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently
measured as people living on less than USD1.25 a day.
 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all
ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions.
 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all,
including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the
vulnerable.
 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the
vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic
services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property,
inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services,
including microfinance.

2. NO HUNGER
Globally, the proportion of undernourished people in developing regions has
fallen by almost half since 1990, from 23.3% in 1990-1992 to 12.9% in 2014-2016.
 As per FAO estimates, 2017 saw the third consecutive rise in world hunger, with
the absolute number of undernourished people i.e. those facing chronic food
deprivation increasing to 821 million. One in every 9 people in the world is
undernourished. Asia’s decreasing trend in undernourishment seems to be
slowing down significantly, with 515 million deemed undernourished in
2017. Unless we profoundly rethink global food and agricultural systems, it is
estimated that the number of hungry people worldwide could drastically climb by
2050.

IMPACT OF NO HUNGER ON INDIAN ECONOMY

Working to improve food and agriculture can have a substantial impact on the
attainment of the other 16 Sustainable Development Goals, as it can help combat
climate change, bolster economic growth, and contribute to peace and stability in
societies around the world. Currently our soils, fresh water, oceans, forests, and
biodiversity are being rapidly degraded. Climate change is putting greater
pressure on the resources we depend on, and increasing risks associated with
natural disasters. Rural women and men who can no longer make ends meet on
their land, are being forced to migrate to cities in search of opportunities. Building
resilience against natural disasters will be an important part of the global fight
against hunger, as crises exacerbate food insecurity issues in countries affected by
them.

ROADAHEAD AND TARGETS GOAL 2

 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and
people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient
food all year round.
 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the
internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of
age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating
women and older persons.
 By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food
producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists
and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive
resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities
for value addition and non-farm employment.
 By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient
agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help
ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme
weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve
land and soil quality.
 Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in
rural infrastructure, agricultural research, technology development in order to
enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular
least developed countries.
 Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets
and their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including
on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility.

3. GOOD HEALTH AND WELL BEING

Poor health constitutes suffering and deprivation of the most fundamental kind.
Over the years, significant strides have been made in increasing life expectancy
and reducing some of the common killers associated with child and maternal
mortality. Despite global progress, an increasing proportion of child deaths occur
in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia. Globally, the incidence of major
infectious diseases has declined since 2000, including HIV/AIDS, malaria, and TB,
but the challenge of these and new pandemics remains in many regions of the
 world. We have made immense progress globally in finding newer treatments,
vaccines, and technologies for healthcare, but universal affordable access to
healthcare remains a challenge.

IMPACT OF GOOD HEALTH AND WELL BEING ON INDIAN

ECONOMY
Not only does disease impact the well-being of an individual, it burdens family
and public resources, weakens societies, and squanders potential. The health and
well-being of people at all ages therefore lies at the heart of sustainable
development. Protection from disease is not only fundamental to survival, but it
enables opportunity for everyone and strengthens economic growth and
prosperity.

ROADAHEAD AND TARGETS OF GOAL 3

 By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000
live births.
 By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age,
with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per
1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births
 By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical
diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable
diseases.
 By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable
diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-
being.
 Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic
drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol.
 By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic
accidents.
 By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services,
including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of
reproductive health into national strategies and programmes.
4. QUALITY EDUCATION
The world today has more knowledge than ever before, but not everyone can
benefit from it. Globally, countries have made major strides in increasing access
to education at all levels and increasing enrolment rates in schools, and basic
literacy skills have improved tremendously. Among youth aged 15-24, the literacy
rate improved globally between 1990 and 2016, increasing from 83.2% to 91.4%.
Completion rates in primary school were 89.6% by 2016, and has witnessed a
decline in recent years dipping from 90.7% in 2012. Few countries have achieved
gender equality at all levels of education. In addition, one in five children,
adolescents, and youth are out of school, including 64 million children of primary
school age, 61 million of lower secondary school age and 138 million of upper
secondary age.

IMPACT OF QUALITY EDUCATION ON INDIAN ECONOMY

In India, significant progress had been made in universalizing primary education,
with improvement in the enrolment and completion rates of girls in both primary
and elementary school. The net enrolment ratio in primary education for boys
and girls was at 100%, while at the national level, the youth literacy rate was 94%
for males and 92% for females. The new national Education Policy and Sustainable
Development Goal 4 share the goals of universal quality education and lifelong
learning. The flagship government scheme, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, is aimed at
achieving universal quality education for all Indians, and is complemented in this
effort by targeted schemes on nutritional support, higher education, and teacher
training.

ROADAHEAD AND TARGETS OF GOAL 4

 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality
primary and secondary education leading to relevant and Goal-4 effective
learning outcomes.
 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood
development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary
education.
 By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality
technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university.
 By 2030, substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have
relevant skills, including technical and vocational skills, for employment, decent
jobs and entrepreneurship
 By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all
levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons
with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations.
 By 2030, ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men
and women, achieve literacy and numeracy.
5. GENDER EQUALITY
Since gender inequality constitutes one of the history’s most persistent and
widespread forms of injustice, eliminating it will call for one of history’s biggest
movements for change. Women and girls continue to suffer discrimination and
violence in every part of the world. Gaps in gender equality exist in every sector.
In South Asia, only 74 girls were enrolled in primary school for every 100 boys in
1990. However, by 2012, the enrolment ratios were the same. In 155 countries, at
least one law exists which impedes women’s economic opportunities. The gender
pays gap costs global economy $160 trillion. Only 23.7% of all national
parliamentarians are women. One in three women experience some form of
physical or sexual violence in their lifetimes.

IMPACT OF GENDER EQUALITY ON INDIAN ECONOMY

Although India has achieved gender parity at the primary education level and is
on track to achieve parity at all education levels, as of June 2019, the proportion of
seats in the Lok Sabha held by women had only reached 11% but 46% in the
Panchayati Raj Institutions. India is also confronting the challenge of violence
against women. As an example, a baseline study revealed that in New Delhi, 92%
of women had experienced some form of sexual violence in public spaces during
their lifetime. In 2016, close to a third of total crimes reported against women in
India was cruelty or physical violence by her husband or his relative. The
 Government of India has identified ending violence against women as a key
national priority, which resonates with the Sustainable Development targets of
the United Nations on gender equality. The prime minister’s Beti Bachao Beti
Padhao initiative aims at equal opportunity and education for girls in India. In
addition, specific interventions on female employment, programmes on the
empowerment of adolescent girls, the Sukanya Samridhi Yojana on girl child
prosperity and the Janani Suraksha Yojana for mothers advance India’s
commitment to gender equality, and the targets of Goal 4.

ROADMAP AND TARGET OF GOAL 5

 End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere.
 Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and
private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation.
 Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and
female genital mutilation.
 Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of
public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of
shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally
appropriate.
 Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for
leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life.
 Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as
access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial
services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws.
 Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and
communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women.
 Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the
promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all
levels.
6. CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION
Every year millions of people, most of them children, die from diseases associated
with inadequate water supply, sanitation, and hygiene. It is estimated that by
2050, more than half of the world’s population will live in water stressed regions,
as per researchers at MIT. More than two and a half billion people have gained
access to improved drinking water sources since 1990, but 666 million people are
still without. Between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of the global population
using an improved drinking water source increased from 76% to 91%, however,
each day, nearly 1000 children die due to preventable water and sanitation-
related diarrheal diseases.

IMPACT OF CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION ON INDIAN

ECONOMY
The overall proportion of Indian households with access to improved water
sources increased from 68% in 1992-93 to 89.9% in 2015-16. However, in 2015-
16, 63.3% of rural households and 19.7% of urban households were not using
improved sanitation facilities. According to the World Bank, more than 520 million
in India were defecating in the open – the highest number in the world. This
figure is expected to have reduced significantly given that improving sanitation is
 a key priority of the government which has introduced several flagship
programmes including the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan to clean India, the National
Rural Drinking Water Programme, and Namami Gange, which aims at the
conservation of the River Ganga.

ROADMAP AND TARGET OF GOAL 6

 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking
water for all.
 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all
and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and
girls and those in vulnerable situations.
 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and
minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion
of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse
globally.
 By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels,
including through transboundary co-operation as appropriate.
 By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains,
forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes.
 Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water
and sanitation management.
 7. AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY
There is no development without fueling the engine of growth. Energy is critical
and people with no sustainable access to energy are deprived of the opportunity
to become part of national and global progress. And yet, one billion people
around the world live without access to energy. More than 781 million people in
2016, or 39% of the world’s population, do not have access to clean fuels and
technologies for cooking.

IMPACT OF AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY ON

INDIAN ECONOMY
India is projected to be a significant contributor to the rise in global energy
demand, around one-quarter of the total. However, as of 2016, more than 207
million people in India do not have access to electricity. The
government’s National Solar Mission is playing an important role in the work
towards renewable energy, and interventions in rural electrification and new
ultra-mega power projects are moving India towards achieving universal energy
access.

ROADMAP AND TARGET OF GOAL 7

 By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy
services.
 By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy
mix.
 By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency.
 By 2030, enhance international co-operation to facilitate access to clean energy
research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and
advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy
infrastructure and clean energy technology.
8. DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC
GROWTH
Globally, annual GDP growth declined from 4.4% in 2000 to 3.2% in 2017. One in
ten people in the world lived on less than USD 1.90 in 2015, and in too many
places, having a job doesn’t guarantee the ability to escape from poverty. This
slow and uneven progress requires us to rethink and retool our economic and
social policies aimed at eradicating poverty. According to the ILO estimates, the
global unemployment rate is expected to be 5.5% in 2018, marking a turnaround
after three years of rising unemployment rates. However, with a growing number
of people entering the labour market to seek employment, the total number of
unemployed is expected to remain stable in 2018, at above 172 million. In 2017,
around 42 per cent of workers (or 1.4 billion) worldwide are estimated to be in
vulnerable forms of employment, while this share is expected to remain
particularly high in developing and emerging countries, at above 76% and 46%,
respectively. In 2017, extreme working poverty remained widespread, with more
than 300 million workers in emerging and developing countries having a per
capita household income or consumption of less than US$1.90 (PPP) per day. A
continued lack of decent work opportunities, insufficient investments and under-
consumption has led to an erosion of the basic social contract underlying
 democratic societies: that all must share in progress. The creation of quality jobs
will remain a major challenge for almost all economies.

IMPACT OF DECEMT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

ON INDIAN ECONOMY
India can forge its own growth path, which can rely on both manufacturing and
services as a growth escalator and employment generator. The challenge will be
to create well-paying and productive jobs in non-farm sectors that can absorb
more unskilled workers, including women and those in rural areas. As of today,
labor-intensive manufacturing has not driven productivity growth and job
creation. The sectors that have made productivity gains have been skill-intensive.
Almost half the labour force in India still works in the agricultural sector. With low
productivity, it is difficult to promote gainful employment in agriculture.
Enhancing agricultural productivity through public investment and new
technologies should be a priority focus area. Moreover, upgrading to high-value
commodities, reforming agricultural marketing policies and market interventions,
and strengthening linkages to agri-businesses are critical areas ripe for
government intervention. Increasing the labour force participation of women is a
powerful tool not only to empower women, but also to steer economic growth
itself. As reported by the McKinsey Global Institute (2015), if India increases its
female labour force participation rate by 10 percentage points by 2025, its GDP
could rise by as much as 16 percent as compared to the business-as-usual
scenario. India’s desired transition to a green economy will have a significant
impact on job skill requirements within sectors, occupational profiles and
business operations. Labour market and skill policies can play an important role in
maximizing the benefits of economic greening for workers.

ROADMAP AND TARGET OF GOAL 8

 Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances
and, in particular, at least 7% gross domestic product growth per annum in the
least developed countries.
 Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification,
technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value
added and labor-intensive sectors.
 Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent
job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the
formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises,
including through access to financial services.
 Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption
and production and endeavor to decouple economic growth from environmental
degradation, in accordance with the 10-year framework of programmes on
sustainable consumption and production, with developed countries taking the
lead.
 By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women
and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay
for work of equal value.