Advanced Mathematical Economics

First-Order
Differential Equations
Variable Term &
Variable Coefficient
Homogeneous Case

2/28/2021 DR. BILAL MEHMOOD 1

 FODE Variable Term & Variable Coefficient Homogeneous Case

 
Standard Form of First-Order
Differential Equation

Here, and are functions of

time and not constants i.e.
when .
Depending on the values of
and , we get 2 possible cases:

2/28/2021 DR. BILAL MEHMOOD 2

 FODE Variable Term & Variable Coefficient Homogeneous Case

 
Case – I: [Homogenous Case]
Case – II: [Non-Homogenous
Case]
 

2/28/2021 DR. BILAL MEHMOOD 3

 FODE Variable Term & Variable Coefficient Homogeneous Case

 
Case – I: Homogenous Case:
Standard form of First-Order
Differential Equation ,
becomes:

2/28/2021 DR. BILAL MEHMOOD 4

 FODE Variable Term & Variable Coefficient Homogeneous Case

Integrating w.r.t.

2/28/2021 DR. BILAL MEHMOOD 5

 FODE Variable Term & Variable Coefficient Homogeneous Case

To get rid of natural logarithm,

raise exponent on both sides:

2/28/2021 DR. BILAL MEHMOOD 6

 FODE Variable Term & Variable Coefficient Homogeneous Case

(General Solution)
Finding definite solution can be
easier once has a specific form
of .

2/28/2021 DR. BILAL MEHMOOD 7

 FODE Variable Term & Variable Coefficient Homogeneous Case

 
Numerical Example: Find the
general solution of the
equation
Solution: Comparing the
general form of first order
differential equation (variable
coefficient) with given specific
form:

2/28/2021 DR. BILAL MEHMOOD 8

 FODE Variable Term & Variable Coefficient Homogeneous Case

 
Here, , .
Using the formula for general
solution:

Solving the exponent ,

separately before substituting,
will avoid clutter:

2/28/2021 DR. BILAL MEHMOOD 9

 FODE Variable Term & Variable Coefficient Homogeneous Case

Substituting the value of

exponent back into formula of
General Solution:

2/28/2021 DR. BILAL MEHMOOD 10

 FODE Variable Term & Variable Coefficient Homogeneous Case

2/28/2021 DR. BILAL MEHMOOD 11

 FODE Variable Term & Variable Coefficient Homogeneous Case

Interpretation: is the general

solution of first order differential
equation with variable coefficient
.

END

2/28/2021 DR. BILAL MEHMOOD 12