SUBSTATIONSWITCHYARD EQUIPMENTS

(CB, ISOLATOR,CT,CVT & LA)

BY

SAMBAIAH ARIKILLA
Deputy General Manager
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT-SUBSTATION
POWERGRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD.

1
 800KV CIRCUIT BREAKER-
SALIENT FEATURES
- Circuit Breakers (CBs) are the switching and current interrupting
devices
- CBs are necessary at every switching point in the substation
- A Circuit breaker differs from a disconnector switch mainly in three
aspects:
- Fault current interruption.
- Arc extinction
- Speed of operation

2
 800KV CIRCUIT BREAKER-
SALIENT FEATURES
• Basically a circuit breaker (CB) comprises of a set of fixed and
movable contacts

• Contacts can be operated by means of an operating mechanism.

• Separation of current carrying contacts produces the arc ,the arc is

extinguished by suitable media such as dielectric oil,air,sf6 gas and
vacuum

• Arc is extinguished by lengthening, cooling, splitting or rotation.

• In some breakers arc is drawn in the direction of splitters by

magnetic field.

3
800KV CIRCUIT BREAKER-SALIENT
FEATURES
• Applicable Standard – 62271-100

• Only SF6 type

• C2-M2 class: very low probability of restrike during capacitive

current breaking and frequently operated CB for special service
requirements designed so as to require only limited maintenance
(mechanically type tested for 10000 operations)

• PIR for line breakers.

• Controlled switching for Shunt Reactor and Transformer

switching.
4
 800KV CIRCUIT BREAKER-
SALIENT FEATURES
o Guaranteed SF6 leakage is max. 0.5% per year maximum

o Separate SF6 monitoring for each half poles

o Operating duty – O-0.3S – CO – 3 min. – CO

o S.C. rating – 40/50kA as applicable

o Line charging interruption Capability – 900A at 90 deg leading

o Op. Mechanism – Pneumatic/Spring/Hydraulic

• Single pole operation required for switchable line reactors for taking spare
reactors in/out of service. Special marshalling boxes are required for this
change-over arrangement.

5
 CIRCUIT BREAKERS
SF6 GAS FEATURES
• High Di-electric strength.

• Chemical stability.

• High molecular weight.

• Absence of carbon.

• Gas can be compressed for high BDV requirements.

• Chemically inert.

• SF6 is a green house gas. Even though SF6 has a global warming potential
some 25000 times greater than carbon dioxide, SF6 probably accounts for
only about 0.1 percent of mankind’s contribution to the greenhouse effect.
6
 800KV CIRCUIT BREAKER-
SALIENT FEATURES
SPRING OPERATED CB:
• After failure of power supply to the motor, one close open operation shall
be possible
• Breaker operation shall be independent of the motor which shall be used
solely for compressing the closing spring
• Closing action of circuit breaker shall compress the opening spring ready
for tripping.
• When closing springs are discharged after closing a breaker, closing springs
shall be automatically charged for the next operation
• Provisions shall be made to prevent a closing operation of the breaker when
the spring is in the partial charged condition.

Pneumatic operating Mechanism: Compressed air at high pressure is used

for closing/opening.
Hydraulic operating mechanism: Oil is used for closing/opening.

7
 Key Technical Specifications
Type of Breaker : SF6 Gas, Live Tank
Voltage Rating : 765 kV
Rated Normal Current : 3150 A
Rated Frequency : 50 Hz
No of Poles :3
Rated Short Time withstand current : 50 kA
Rated Peak withstand current : 127 kAp
Duration of Short Circuit :1s
Short circuit breaking current : 50 kA
Short circuit making current : 127 kA
DC time constant of rated short circuit
current : 45 ms
DC component : 50 %
Line charging breaking current : 900 A @ 90° Leading PF

8
 Key Technical Specifications
Power Frequency withstand voltage (T-G) : 870 kV rms
Power Frequency withstand voltage (T-T) : 1150 kV rms
Impulse withstand voltage (T-G) : 2100 kVp
Impulse withstand voltage (T-T-open contacts) : 2100 kVp on one terminal
and 457 kVp PF voltage of
opposite polarity on the other
terminal
Switching Impulse withstand voltage (T-G) : ±1550 kVp
Switching Impulse withstand voltage (T-T-open : 1175 kVp on one terminal
contacts) and 653 kVp PF voltage of
opposite polarity on the other
terminal
Circuit Breaker Class : C2 - M2
Operating Sequence : O-0.3s-CO-3min-C
Operating mechanism : Spring-Spring Mechanism
Operating Temperature Range : -25°C to 50°C

9
 GA –Principle Dimensions
15000 15000 2576 5264 2576

13180
10
 List of key type tests and Reference
Standards
Test Duty Standard Reference
Basic Short Circuit test duties
- Short time and Peak withstand current test IEC 62271-100 (6.6)
- Short circuit duties (T100s, T100a, T10, T30, T60) IEC 62271-100 (6.102 - 6.106)
- Short line fault tests (L75,L90 & Voltage test) IEC 62271-100 (6.109)
- Out of Phase Tests IEC 62271-100 (6.110)
Capacitive current switching tests
- Pre-conditioning T60 IEC 62271-100 (6.111)
- Single capacitor bank current switching (BC1 & BC2) IEC 62271-100 (6.111)
- Line charging current switching (LC1 & LC2) IEC 62271-100 (6.111)
- Cable charging current switching (CC1 & CC2) IEC 62271-100 (6.111)
Shunt Reactor Switching Test
- Test duties (TD1, TD2, TD3 & TD4) IEC 62271-110
Other Tests
- Thermal capability test on Pre insertion Resistor IEC 62271-100 (6.110)
Dielectric Tests
Power Frequency Test IEC 62271-100 (6.2)
Switching Impulse Test IEC 62271-100 (6.2)
Lighting Impulse test IEC 62271-100 (6.2)
RIV & Corona Extinction IEC 62271-100 (6.2)
Mechanical Endurance Test
- 10000 Cycle mechanical endurance test IEC 62271-100 (6.101.2.1 to 6.101.2.3)
Temperature Rise Test IEC 62271-100 (6.5)
11
12
Controlled Switching Device
• CSD Is an add-on feature to improve the performance of CB.
• Controller is used to OPEN/CLOSE the CB at its most favorable condition.
• Controller monitors the system parameters and decide the optimum
condition for switching and hence known as Point On the Wave Switching.

Reduction of the inrush currents

Decreasing of the mechanical and electro-magnetic stresses of
the operational equipment ➔ increasing of life time

Minimizing of over-voltages
Decreasing of the dielectric stress ➔ lower aging
Substitution of closing resistors ➔ higher reliability

13
 Data flow in CSD
control room

manual tripping/ status

closing command signals
PC interface

PSD circuit-
breaker
VT/CT
- temperature
- auxiliary
zero-crossing calculation solid state voltage
detector module output -aux. contacts
-(hydr.pressure)

14
 MAJOR PARTS
• INTERRUPTOR

• SUPPORT COLUMN

• OPERATING MECAHNISM

• CONTROL & MONITORING DEVICES

• PUMPS & COMPRESSORS

15
 CIRCUIT BREAKERS
EXPECTED FUNCTIONS
• Must be capable of closing on to and carrying full load currents for long periods of
time

• Under prescribed conditions ,it must open automatically to disconnect the load or
small overload

• Must successfully and rapidly interrupt heavy currents which flow when a short
circuit has to be cleared from the system

• Must be capable of closing on to a circuit in which a fault exists and of immediately

reopening to clear the fault from the system

• Must be capable of carrying current of short circuit magnitude until and for such
time as the fault is cleared by another breaker nearer to the time of fault

16
 CIRCUIT BREAKERS
DUTY REQUIREMENTS
• In the closed position the device must conduct the continuous rated current
without exceeding the temperature limits. While closed, the complete
insulation system is stressed by system voltage and transient over voltage
caused by lightning, switching and system changes. In open position,
insulation across the open contacts is stressed in addition to the insulation
to ground.

• If fault occurs, the CB is expected to interrupt the fault current within rated
interrupting time to minimize any disturbances to the system. At some point
during the opening operation the current is interrupted, resulting in an
electrical separation of the system at the CB location. Immediately after
current zero , the contacts are stressed by transient voltages produced by
the system as it reacts to the new operating state.

• Additional requirements are-inductive and capacitive current switching by

limiting over voltages within allowable limits.

17
 CIRCUIT BREAKERS
DUTY REQUIREMENTS
The circuit breaker shall be capable of:

• i) Interrupting line/cable charging current as per IEC without use of

opening resistors.

• ii) Clearing short line fault (Kilometric faults) with source impedance
behind the bus equivalent to symmetrical fault current specified.

• iii) Breaking 25% of the rated fault current at twice rated voltage under
phase opposition condition.

• iv) PIR to be provided to limit the switching surges to a value of less than
1.9 p.u for 800kV

18
 CIRCUIT BREAKERS
DUTY REQUIREMENTS
• The breaker shall be capable of interrupting the steady state and transient
magnetizing current corresponding of power transformers.

• The circuit breakers shall be capable of performing their duties without

opening resistors.

• The gap between the open contacts shall be such that it can withstand
atleast the rated phase to ground voltage for 8 hours at zero gauge pressure
of SF6 gas due to the leakage. The breaker should be able to withstand all
dielectric stresses imposed on it in open condition at lock out pressure
continuously (i.e. 2 p.u. across the breaker continuously).

19
 Substation Equipment
➢ Isolators
❖ Isolator provides a visible air gap
isolation of equipment and feeder
sections for safe examination,
maintenance and repair. It is capable of
carrying normal current and short
circuit current for a specified time.
▪ Horizontal centre break
▪ Double Break
▪ Pantograph
▪ Vertical single break
❖ The earth switch of isolator is a
mechanical switching device for
providing safety earthing during
maintenance. It is capable of
withstanding short circuit current for a
specified time.
20
 800KV ISOLATORS
• Conform in general to IEC: 62271-102
• Off-load & Individual pole operated type
• Double Break, Vertical Break & Knee type
• E/S shall be capable of mounting on either side of Isolator.
• Isolator & E/S have construction interlock between them
• M2 class for Isolator (10,000 operations) and M0 class for E/S
(1000 operations)
• Corona Shields are not accepted. Corona Rings, if required, shall be
provided.
• Support Insulators shall have 10kN cantilever strength.
• E/S shall be locally operated only.
• Each E/S shall have flexible Cu/Al braids, having same short time
current rating as of E/S, for connection to earth terminal.

21
 800KV ISOLATORS
• Contacts shall be self aligning and self cleaning
• Contacts and spring are designed so that readjustments in contact
pressure is not necessary throughout the life of the isolator or E/S.
• Contact springs shall not carry any current.
• Cabinet material-3mm Al or 2mm Stainless Steel
• No lubrication of any part is required except at very infrequent
intervals. i.e. after every 1000 operations or after 5 years whichever
is earlier.
• Signaling of OPEN position takes pace when movable contacts
reach a position where clearance between contacts is at least 80% of
isolating distance.
• Plane of movement & final position of E/S shall be such that
adequate electrical clearances are obtained from adjacent live parts
in the course of its movement from ON & OFF positions.

22
 800KV ISOLATORS-MAIN
FUNCTIONS
• PROVIDE ELECTRICAL ISOLATION

• VISIBLE ISOLATION

• FACILITY FOR EARTHING

• SMALL CURRENT INTERRUPTION

• CARRY SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT BUT NOT FOR BREAKING SC

CURRENT

23
 800KV ISOLATORS
MAJOR TECHNICAL PARAMETERS

i Type Outdoor
ii Rated current at 50 deg. C ambient temperature : 3150 A
iii Rated short time withstand current of isolator and earth switch : 40 kA for 1
Sec
iv Rated dynamic short circuit withstand current of isolator and earth switch :
102 kAp
v Temperature rise over design ambient temperature of 50°C: As per Table-3 of
IEC-62271-1
vi Rated mechanical terminal load (for 4000A): As per Table-3 of IEC:62271-
102 or as per value calculated in Section – GTR whichever is higher.
vii Operating mechanism A.C. Motor operated
viii Operating time 20 sec. or less

24
 General Arrangement
•

25
 Current Path

26
420kV Isolator

27
420kV Isolator

28
420kV Isolator

29
Control Cabinet

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 TYPE TESTS ON ISOLATOR
1. Short time withstand current and Peak Withstand current Tests.(For
Isolator).
2. Short time withstand current and Peak Withstand current Tests.(For Earth
Switch).
3. Lightning Impulse Voltage Withstand test (Dry), Switching Impulse voltage
withstand test (Dry), Switching Impulse voltage withstand test (Wet),
4. i) Corona Inception and Extinction Voltage test,
ii) Radio Interference voltage Test.
5. Electro statically Induced current making & Breaking Test,
Electromagnetically Induced Current making & Breaking Test
6. Seismic Test on Isolator WITH 1ES.
7. Extended Mechanical Endurance Test ON Isolator and Earth Switch and
Verification of Terminal Load Test.
8.Temperature Rise Test
9. IP-55 Test
10. Stall Torque Test on Motor Operating Mechanism.
11. Mechanical & Electrical Endurance Test, IR Value/HV Test, Heat Run Test
on Auxiliary Switch.
31
 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS
(CT/CVT)
• Current transformers as per IEC-61869-1&3 ( Earlier IEC: 60044-1 ) and CVT
as per IEC-61869-1&5 (Earlier IEC: 60044-5 )

• Instruments transformers are hermetically sealed units. (Hence oil leakages will
lead to moisture entry into insulation and cause rapid deterioration of insulation
and premature failure)

• Polarity marks shall be marked on each CT and at the lead terminals at the
associated terminal block

• Secondary terminals brought out in a weather proof (IP 55) terminal box at the
bottom.

• 800kV CVT shall be with shedded porcelain/polymer bushings/Insulators.

However, 800kV CTs shall be acceptable only with polymer Insulator.

• External surface of ITs, if of steel, shall be HDG. Aluminum surface can have
natural finish

• Insulating oil of EHV grade as per IS-335/IEC-60269. Non-PCB based

synthetic oil can also be used for CVTs. SF6 as per IEC-60376. 32
 CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
• CT shall be of single primary. Taps on primary is not accepted.

• Current Transformer shall be suitable for horizontal transportation. It shall be

ensured that the CT is able to withstand all the stresses imposed on it while
transporting and there shall be no damage in transit
• Instrument security factor at all ratios shall be less than ten (10) for metering
core. If any auxiliary CTs/reactor are used in the current transformers then all
parameters specified shall have to be met treating auxiliary CTs as an integral
part of the current transformer. In case these are to be mounted separately these
shall be mounted in the central marshalling box

• The Instrument transformer shall have cantilever strength of not less than
500kg for 800 kV Instrument transformers.

• Bushing/Insulator for CT shall be one piece without any metallic flange joint.

• Dead tank oil filled CT for ABB make. Live tank for others. Siemens/ Trench
have SF6 filled.
33
 CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
• Core laminations shall be of CRGO Si steel. Mu metal or nano-crystalline
material is also used for metering core.

• Rated extended current for 800kV CT

500/1 ratio – 200%
2000/1 ratio – 180%
3000/1 ratio – 120% (200% for 15 min.)

• Intermediate tapping at 3000-2000 of metering core shall be suitable for

using as 1000/1 ratio.

34
Top Core Technology (Live Tank)
1. Diaphragm bellows
2. CT cores
3. HT primary terminal
4. Primary conductor assembly
5. Head housing
6. Core housing
7. Porcelain shell
8. Bushing tube
9. Capacitive grading layer
10. Secondary terminal blocks
11. Fault carrying connector
to ground
12. Ground pad
13. Secondary terminal box
14. Base assembly
15. Sealing plate
35
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37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
TYPICAL 765kV CT PRIMARY& SECONDARY CORE DETAILS

45
 TYPE TESTS ON 800 KV CT
1. Short-time current test
2. Temperature rise test
3. Lightning impulse test
4. Switching impulse test
5. Wet test/PF withstand
6. Determination of errors
7. RIV measurement/Visible Corona
8. Seismic withstand test
9. Thermal stability test
10.Thermal co-efficient test
11.Multiple chopped impulse test
12.IP-55 test on sec. terminal box

46
 CVT
• 800 kV Voltage transformers are capacitor voltage divider type with
electromagnetic units and suitable for carrier coupling.

• For CVT with polymer housing, the cantilever strength shall not be less
than 150kg.

• Voltage transformers secondaries shall be protected by HRC cartridge type

fuses or MCBs for all the windings. In addition, fuses/MCB shall be
provided for the protection and metering windings for fuse monitoring
scheme.

• H.F. terminal of the CVT shall be brought out through a suitable bushing
and shall be easily accessible for connection to the coupling filters of the
carrier communication equipment, when utilised. (Earthing link of HF
terminal shall be closed where carrier is not connected).

47
 CVT
• The electromagnetic unit of CVT comprise of compensating reactor,
intermediate transformer and protective and damping devices.

• The damping device is permanently connected to one of the secondary

windings for suppressing the ferroresonance oscillations.

48
CAPACITOR VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS 765KV

1
1. Oil level indicator
2
3 (optional)
4
2. Expansion device
3. Capacitor units
5
4. Insulating oil
6 5. Porcelain insulator
6. Seal
7. Electromagnetic unit
8. Low voltage terminals
7 box/HF terminal
9. Series inductance
8 10. Medium voltage
9 transformer
10
11 11. Damping circuit against
ferro - resonance effects

49
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51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
TYPE TESTS ON 800 KV CVT
• Temperature rise test on EMU of CVT
• Capacitance and tanδ measurement at power-frequency
• Short circuit withstand capacity test on CVT
• Impulse Tests
• Wet test for outdoor CVT
• Ferro resonance test on CVT
• Tightness test of a liquid-filled electromagnetic unit
• Accuracy tests
• Transient response test on CVT
• Corona & RIV Test
• High frequency capacitance and equivalent series resistance
measurement
• Seismic test
• Stray capacitance and stray conductance measurements of low
voltage terminals
• Determination of temperature co-efficient of capacitance
• Measurement of the transmission factor of high frequency o/v
• Mechanical strength test
61
•Tightness design test of capacitor units
SURGE ARRESTERs

62
 As per IEC 60071

“Selection of the dielectric strength of equipment in relation to the

operating voltages and overvoltage's which can appear on the
system for which the equipment is intended and taking into
account the service environment and the characteristics of the
available preventing and protective devices”

63
 Power Systems Over voltages

Temporary Over-voltages Switching Over-voltages Over-voltages due to lightning.

64
Temporary Over-Voltages
• Typically due to faults
• < 1.4 pu
• ms to tens of second or even minutes
• Not dangerous to insulation

65
Switching Over-Voltages

• Due to system switching operations

• 1.5 pu – 5 pu depends on system voltage
• mostly damped asymmetric sinusoids
• front time of first peak – tens of s to a few ms.
• decides external insulation in EHV/UHV system

66
Over-Voltages due to Lightning

• Due to ‘direct’ or ‘indirect’ lightning strokes.

• known to contribute to  50% of system outages in EHV &
UHV systems
• few hundred kV to several tens of MV.
• Few kA to 200 kA
• very short duration : times to front : 1 to few tens of s
• times to tail : few tens to hundreds of s.
• Decides line insulation (BIL)
• Severely influences Transformer insulation.

67
Switching Over-Voltages

• Due to system switching operations

• 1.5 pu – 5 pu depends on system voltage
• mostly damped asymmetric sinusoids
• front time of first peak – tens of s to a few ms.
• decides external insulation in EHV/UHV system

68
Over-Voltages due to Lightning

• Due to ‘direct’ or ‘indirect’ lightning strokes.

• known to contribute to  50% of system outages in EHV &
UHV systems
• few hundred kV to several tens of MV.
• Few kA to 200 kA
• very short duration : times to front : 1 to few tens of s
• times to tail : few tens to hundreds of s.
• Decides line insulation (BIL)
• Severely influences Transformer insulation.

69
LIGHTING IMPULSE(RESIDUAL VOLTAGE)

SWITCHING IMPULSE(ENERGY HANDLING)

TEMPORARY OVER VOLTAGES(RATED VOLTAGE)

CONTINIOUS SYSTEM OVER VOLTAGES

(COV)

7070
AS PER IEC 60099 part-1

“ A device designed to protect electrical apparatus

from high transient voltage and to limit the duration
and frequently the amplitude of follow current”

71
 Brief History of Development of
Lightning Arresters (Surge Diverters)
- Surge Arresters

❑Simple rod gap

72
❑ Aluminum hydroxide :

Aluminum hydroxide

73
❑ Silicon Carbide

Silicon Carbide

74
❑ Lead Oxide

Lead oxide

75
❑ Zinc Oxide

ZnO block

76
 Improved reliability due to simplicity of the design.
Superior protective characteristics.
Minimum energy absorption commensurate with the
protective levels provided.
Superior performance on low impedance circuits(e.g
cable and capacitor application)
Gentle operation due to absence of spark gaps
Superior energy absorption capability
Excellent pollution performance

77
 Zinc Oxide Arresters

• The Zinc Oxide Arresters are

made by mixing ZnO with
small amounts of additives
such as Bi2O3, CoO, Cr2O3,
MnO and Sb2O3
• Granuling the mixture, then
drying, pressing into discs and
finally sintering.

78
AS PER IEC 60099 part-4

“ Arrester having non linear metal oxide resistors

connected in series and/or in parallel without any
integrated series or parallel spark gap”

“The voltage that appears between the terminals of an

arrester during the passage of discharge current”

79
“ Maximum permissible values of a power frequency voltage
which may be continuously applied between the arrester
terminals.”

“Maximum power frequency voltage that is applied in the

operating duty of 10 S”

“A characteristics that determines energy absorption

capability of the surge arrester”

80
AS PER IEC 60099 part-4

“ Arrester having non linear metal oxide resistors

connected in series and/or in parallel without any
integrated series or parallel spark gap”

“The voltage that appears between the terminals of an

arrester during the passage of discharge current”

81
82
83
“ Maximum permissible values of a power frequency voltage
which may be continuously applied between the arrester
terminals.”

“Maximum power frequency voltage that is applied in the

operating duty of 10 S”

“A characteristics that determines energy absorption

capability of the surge arrester”

84
✓CONTINOUS VOLTAGE RATING

✓TEMPORARY OVER VOLTAGE

✓LIGHTING OVER VOLTAGE

✓SWITCHING OVER VOLTAGE

✓ENERGY HANDLING CAPACITY

85
 CHARACTERSTICS 220 kV 400 kV 765 kV

Rated voltage 216 kV 336 kV 624 kV

COV 168 kV 267 kV 490 kV

Minimum Discharge
capability
One minute power
5.0 kJ/kV
y 12 kJ kV 13 kJ/kV

460 kVrms 630 kVrms 1100 kVrms

frequency voltage

Impulse withstand voltage ±1050 kVp ±1425 kVp ±2500 kVp

Switching Impulse
650 kVp 1050 kVp 1550 kVp
withstand voltage
Current for pressure relief
40 kA 40/50/63 kA 50/63 kA
test
Nominal discharge current 20 kA
10 kA 20 kA
(8/20 mSec)
8686
 CHARACTERSTICS 220 kV 400 kV 765 kV

Maximum residual voltage

for 8/20 µ sec current wave
At 50% nominal discharge
560 kVP 850kVP 1370 kVP
current
At 100 % nominal
discharge current
At 200 % nominal
y
600 kVP 900 kVP 1480 kVP

650kVP 975 kVP 1617 kVP

discharge current

Impulse current withstand

High current short 100 kAp

100 kAp 100kAp
duration( 4/10 µ sec wave)
Low current long duration 2100 Ap
650 Ap
( 4/10 µ sec wave) 650 Ap (2000 micro second
wave)

8787
 SURGE ARRESTER

220 kV 400 kV 765 kV 1200 kV

OBLUM OBLUM ABB OBLUM

CGL CGL SIEMENS LAMCO

GE GE XIAN

LAMCO LAMCO

88
 SURGE ARRESTER
• Surge arresters conform to IEC: 60099-4

• Surge arresters shall be of heavy duty station class and gapless type

• Surge arresters shall be capable of discharging over-voltages

occurring during switching of unloaded transformers, reactors and
long lines.

• 800kV class Surge arresters shall be capable of discharging of

severe re-energisation switching surges on a 765 kV, 450 km line
with Surge impedance of 270 ohms and capacitance of 13 nF/km.

• Surge Arresters of 9kV to 216kV, 336kV and 624kV rating shall be

of polymer insulator with cantilever strength of minimum 150kg.,
350kg and 500kg. respectively.
89
 SURGE ARRESTER
• Maximum deflection at above cantilever loads shall be 200mm for all the Surge
Arresters.

• 800 kV class arrester shall be capable of discharging energy equivalent to class

5 of IEC for an 800 kV system. Class 4 for 420kV system, class 3 for 245kV,
145kV,72.5kV system and class 2 for 36kV,12kV system.

• The surge arresters shall be fitted with pressure relief devices suitable for
preventing shattering of porcelain housing and providing path for flow of rated
fault currents in the event of arrester failure.

• Self contained discharge counters, requiring no auxiliary or battery supply for

operation shall be provided. Connection between the Surge Arrester base and
Surge Monitor shall be through a 2.0 m long insulated stranded cable.

90
 SURGE ARRESTER
TECHNICAL PARAMETERS
• (a) Rated arrester voltage : 624 kV
• (b) i) Nominal discharge current wave.: 20kA of 8/20 microsec
ii) Discharge current at which insulation co- ordination will be done
: 20kA of 8/20 microsecond .
• (c) Minimum discharge capability :13kJ/kV (referred to rated arrester
Voltage or corresponding to minimum discharge voltage
whichever is higher.
• (d) Continuous operating voltage at 50 deg.C : 490 kV (rms)
• (e) Max. Switching surge residual voltage
-at 1kA :1180 kVp
-at 2kA : 1220 kVp
• (f) Max. residual voltage at
i) 20kA nominal : 1480 kVp
discharge current

91
 SURGE ARRESTER
TECHNICAL PARAMETERS
ii) Steep fronted wave residual voltage at 10 kA : 1480 kVp

•(g) High current short duration test value (4/10 micro second wave):
100 kAp
•(h) Current for pressure relief test as applicable :
40 kA rms/50kA rms/63kA rms
•(i) Low current long duration test value (2000 micro sec) : As per IEC.

•(j) Prospective symmetrical fault current for 0.2 Sec.:40/50/63kA (rms) as

applicable

•(k) Pressure relief class : 40 kA/50kA/63kA as applicable

92
 TYPE TESTS ON 624 KV LA
• Insulation withstand tests on arrestor housing
• Residual voltage test
o Steep current impulse residual voltage test
o Lighting impulse residual voltage test
o Switching impulse residual voltage
• Long duration current impulse withstand test
• Operating duty test
o High current impulse operating duty test
o Switching surge operating duty test
• Short circuit test
• Arrester disconnector/ Fault indicator
• Polluted Housing test
• Internal partial discharge test
• Bending moment test
• Environmental tests
• Seal leak rate
• Radio interference test as per IEC 60099-4
• Seismic withstand test
• Contamination test
• Test to verify Power frequency Vs time Characteristics

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624KV SURGE ARRESTER

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THANK YOU

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