GLOSSARY- UNIT 4 ORGANIZATION

STARTING UP
constructive adjective  /kənˈstrʌk.tɪvIf advice, criticism, or actions are constructive, they are useful and
intended to help or improve something
She  criticized my writing, but in a way that was very constructive.
Opposite: destructive
seniority noun  /ˌsiː.niˈɒr.ə.ti/ the advantage that you get by working for a company for a long time:
In future, promotion  will be  based on merit not seniority.
confidentiality noun  /ˌkɒnfɪdenʃiˈæləti/ the fact of private information being kept secret:
As soon as he was hired, the company made him sign a confidentiality agreement.
reserved adjective /rɪˈzɜrvd/ (KEPT) Reserved tickets, seats, etc. are ones that you have arranged to
be kept for you:
May I  sit  here, or is this seat/table  reserved?
view noun (SIGHT) what you can see from a particular place, or the ability to see from a particular place:
The rooftop restaurant affords a  panoramic view (= allows you
o see  a wide area) across the  bay.
business class noun  a type of air travel that is more expensive and
has better conditions than economy class, or the part of a plane where people who
have booked this type of travel sit:
Complimentary drinks will be served to passengers in business class.
VOCABULARY
logistics noun [ plural ] /ləˈdʒɪstɪks/ the process of planning and organizing to
make sure that resources are in the places where they are needed, so that
an activity or process happens effectively:
About 3% of his turnover  went to paying for logistics and distribution.
draw up something - phrasal verb with draw verb  /drɔ/ past tense drew US/dru/ | past
participle drawn US/drɔn/: to prepare something in writing, esp. plans or a formal document:
The lawyers  drew up a contract over the weekend.
assembly line noun  a line of machines and workers in a factory which a product moves along while it is
being built or produced. Each machine or worker performs a particular job, which must be finished before
the product moves to the next position in the line:
He got a  job  on an assembly line putting the foam and upholstery on the back  seats of cars.
press release noun (also news release) a public statement given by
a company or organization to journalists to publish if they want to:
Knowing the right way to issue  a press release is almost as important as the information in
the release  itself.
budget noun /ˈbʌdʒɪt/  a plan that shows how
much money an organization expects to earn and spend during a particular period of time, and how it
will spend its money:
Corporate planners are busy  drawing up a budget for the next fiscal year.
1
install verb  /ɪnˈstɔːl/ to put furniture, a machine, or a piece of equipment into position and make
it ready to use:
The firm is having a new security  system installed.
record noun /ˈrekɔːd/ a piece of written information about something that is kept so that people can refer
to it later:
The records show  that the  company employed a staff of 300 in the 1990s.
account noun  /əˈkaʊnt/  + (also bank account); ( written abbreviation a/c); (also acct.)
an arrangement with a bank in which the customer puts in and takes out money and
the bank keeps a record of it:
Anna could deposit her  savings into an account offering more interest.
+ (also UK credit account); (also US charge account): an agreement with
a store or company that allows you to buy things and pay for them later:
Jenny got the  bill and said she'd charge it to the company account.
maintain verb  /meɪnˈteɪn/ to keep a building, machine, road, etc. in
good condition by checking it regularly and repairing it if necessary:
The premises are  clean and well maintained.
bureaucratic adjective    disapproving  /ˌbjʊərəʊˈkrætɪk/ MANAGEMENT relating to
a system of controlling or managing a country, company, or organization that is operated by
a large number of officials:
The company  was inefficient because it was highly bureaucratic.
decentralized adjective    (UK also decentralised) /ˌdiːˈsentrəlaɪzd/ used
to describe organizations or their activities which are not controlled from one central place, but happen in
many different places:
The management  structure is highly decentralized.
legal adjective  /ˈliːɡəl/ connected with the system of law within a country or area:
The department is  seeking legal advice on the permitted  development rule.
public relations noun ( abbreviation PR) the activity of providing information about an organization so
that people have positive ideas about it:
The organization hired a public relations agency to help them improve their image.
impersonal adjective  /ɪmˈpɜr·sə·nəl/ lacking or not showing any interest or feeling:
The congressman  gave a short, impersonal speech and left soon afterward.
democratic adjective  /ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/ + based on the principles of democracy:
+ a democratic system or organization allows everyone to
be treated equally and to be involved in making decisions:
Employee ownership  and open-book management are common  practices in most
democratic workplaces.
market-driven adjective (also market-led) influenced by market knowledge and customer needs:
The company  needs to change from being driven by production or technology to being market-
driven.
conservative adjective /kənˈsɜr·və·t̬ ɪv/
tending to emphasize the importance of preserving traditional cultural and religious values, and
to oppose change, esp. sudden change
If you are conservative in your appearance, you wear clothes in traditional colors and styles:

2
hierarchical adjective /ˌhɑɪ·əˌrɑr·kɪ·kəl/ arranged in an order from the most to the least important
Each department is hierarchically organized.
progressive adjective /prəʊˈɡresɪv/ + developing or happening gradually:
There's been a progressive  decline  in the standard of living over the last decade.
+ used to describe ideas or systems that are new and modern, and
that encourage change and development:
We're looking for progressive ideas to move  the company forward.
caring adjective  /ˈkeə.rɪŋ/ A caring person is kind and gives emotional support to others:
I've always thought  of Jo as a very caring person.
centralized adjective  (UK also centralised) /ˈsentrəlaɪzd/ US  controlled by
one main system or authority:
Republicans criticized the proposal, saying it would expand the power of a centralized
government or raise costs imposed on business.
dynamic adjective  /daɪˈnæmɪk/ + having a lot of ideas, energy, and enthusiasm:
He was seen as young and dynamic compared to his predecessor.
+ always changing and developing:
Technology is dynamic, because people discover and develop it
in  their own ways  using their own unique skills.
LISTENING: CD 1 track 24
broad adjective  /brɔd/ (GENERAL) including many types of things; general:
The magazine covers a broad range of subjects.
formal structure of lines and boxes: Visual representation of how a firm intends authority,
responsibility, and information to flow within its formal organizational structure. It usually depicts
different management functions (accounting, finance, human resources, marketing, production, R&D,
etc.) and their subdivisions as boxes linked with lines along which decision making power travels
downwards and answerability travels upwards. Sơ đồ tổ chức công ty
authority noun /ɔːˈθɒrəti/ the official power to make decisions for other people or to tell them what they
must do:
The Executive Committee can  delegate authority to the Chairperson.
reward noun  /rɪˈwɔːd/   WORKPLACE, HR an advantage, for example more money or a better job, that
someone receives if they are successful, work hard, etc.:
To compete  with bigger players, small firms will need to share more of the risk and reward of the
new  market with partners.
DNA noun /ˈdiˌenˈeɪ/ BIOLOGY abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid (= the chemical at the center of
the cells of living things that controls the structure and purpose of
each cell and carries genetic information during reproduction) (tiếng Việt là ADN)

+ (trong bài) organisational DNA = the core make-up of a company’s managers and workers in terms of
cultures, beliefs, etc. (cái xương sống, các nhân tố cốt lõi)
CD1 track 25

3
survey noun  /ˈsɜːveɪ/ MARKETING an examination of people's opinions, behaviour, etc. made,
for example, by asking them questions:
A survey of 584 companies has found that there is no relationship between a
We should  conduct a survey to find out what our customers really  want.
pattern noun  /ˈpætən/ a particular way in which something usually happens or is done:
The decision follows  a pattern that has become increasingly common  in
the food industry.
like preposition, conjunction  /laɪk/ (SIMILAR TO) similar to; in the same way or manner as:
She's very much like her mother  (= she is similar in appearance or  character).
comparable adjective /ˈkɒm.pər.ə.bəl/ similar in size, amount, or quality to something else:
Our  prices are comparable to/with those in other shops.
superficial adjective  /ˌsu·pərˈfɪʃ·əl/(NOT DEEP) + on the surface only; not deep:
+ If something written or said is superficial, it does not show any real understanding of
the subject and does not include many details:
Her book on the  history  of cars in America was extremely  superficial.
probe noun  /proʊb/ a careful and detailed examination:
The probe explored allegations  of  corruption  in the police department.
controversial adjective /ˌkɑn·trəˈvɜr·ʃəl/ causing or likely to cause disagreement:
controversially adverb /ˌkɑn·trəˈvɜr·ʃə·li, -ˈvɜr·si·ə·li/
They are also very controversially talking about taxing Social Security benefits more than
they are now.
reality noun  /riˈæl·ɪ·t̬ i/ the actual state of things, or the facts involved in such a state:
The reality is I’m not going to be picked for the team.
theory noun  /ˈθɪə.ri/ a  formal statement of the rules on which a subject of study is based or of ideas that
are suggested to explain a fact or event or, more generally, an opinion or explanation:
He has a theory that the hole was caused by a meteorite.
CD 1 Track 26
function noun /ˈfʌŋkʃən/ + the purpose that something has:
A  fundamental function of the Bank of England is
the responsibility of carrying out monetary policy operations.
  + a job or task that someone or something does:
My function is to help coordinate efficient communication between the departments.
+ a particular area of responsibility of a company:
 Of all the  core functions of most companies, innovation has arguably the
most competitive value.
geography noun /dʒiˈɒɡrəfi/ plural geographies an area where a company operates or sells a product:
The company  added  that there had been a "business slowdown in all geographies."
regional adjective  /ˈriːdʒənəl/ + relating to or coming from a particular part of a country or
a particular part of the world:
4
 Starting new stores in new markets involves setting
up regional offices and launching marketing campaigns.
+ used to describe a company or an organization that operates in a particular part of
a country rather than the whole country:
regionally adverb /ˈriːdʒənəli/
a regionally based organization
unit noun  /ˈjuːnɪt/ + a single thing or separate part of something larger:
The training course  is divided into five units, and takes place over five days.
  + a particular type of business or department within a larger organization:
Cellphone companies are still on the rise, but most of them are units of
the traditional telcos.
headquarters noun   /ˈhedˌkwɔːtəz/ plural headquarters ( abbreviation HQ) + the main office or centre of
control of a company or organization:
The company  has its European headquarters in Brussels.
+ the management team who work at a headquarters:
Regional  managers  are mostly free to operate without interference from headquarters.
SKILLS
CASE STUDY
relocate verb  /ˌriːləʊˈkeɪt/ + to move to a different place to work, or to be moved to a
different place to work:
Most production has been relocated to Hungary, Tunisia, and China.
subsidiary noun  /səbˈsɪdiəri/ plural subsidiaries (also subsidiary company) a company that
is controlled by another:
California First Bank is a 77%-owned subsidiary of Bank of Tokyo.
industrial adjective  /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/ having a lot of industry and factories:
These workers have some of the best wages in industrial America.
warehouse noun  /ˈweəhaʊs/ + a large building for storing things before they are sold, used, or sent out
to stores:
The goods have been sitting in a warehouse for months  because
a strike has prevented distribution.
distribution centre noun (also centre of distribution: a warehouse and the business based there,
that stores a manufacturer's goods temporarily, before they are transported to stores or customers for sale:
Items are shipped from their warehouses and distribution centers to over
800 stores nationwide.
purpose-built adjective ˌ/pɜː.pəsˈbɪlt/ + designed and built for a particular use:
storey noun (US story) /ˈstɔː.ri/ a level of a building:
Their new  house has four storeys including the attic.
Synonyms: floor (LEVEL OF BUILDING), level (FLOOR)
proportion noun  /prəˈpɔːʃən/+  the number or amount of part of something when compared to the whole:
It will take a few years before one will be able to observe equal  proportions of men and
women in  sales management.
5
inhabitant noun  /ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tənt/ a person or animal that lives in a particular place:
a city  of five million inhabitants
oppose verb  /əˈpəʊz/ to disagree with something or someone, and speak or take action against them:
I would  certainly oppose changing the system.
independent adjective  /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ not influenced or controlled by the government or
another organization:
The charity is completely independent of government.
go ahead - phrasal verb to start to do something:
We've received  permission  to
go ahead with the music festival in spite of opposition  from local residents.
boardroom noun /ˈbɔːdruːm/ + the group of people who manage a company or organization:
Shareholders felt mistakes  had been made at boardroom level.
+ the room where
the group of people who manage a company or organization have their meetings:
Workers were told of the closure in the company's boardroom.
social adjective  /ˈsəʊʃəl/ + relating to society and the way people live together:
Women may have emerged as Algeria's most potent force for social change.
+ relating to your position in society:
The rate of stress at work is consistent throughout the population, irrespective of age, s
ex and social class.
+ relating to activities in which you meet and spend time with other people and
to your ability to be friendly with others:
Social skills are what employers need most.
benefit noun /ˈbenɪfɪt/ + a helpful or good effect:
To get  the full benefit, this  plan should be viewed as a long-term investment.
+ in some countries, money that is given by the government to people who
cannot find a job, are too sick to work, etc.:
As an unemployed mother, you can claim benefits.
+advantages such as medical insurance, life insurance, and sick pay, that
employees receive from their employer in addition to money:
The company  offers a generous benefits package that  includes private healthcar
e  and a free on-site gym.
CD 1 Track 30
message noun  /ˈmesɪdʒ/ a short piece of information that you give or send to a person when you
cannot speak to them directly:
There was a message for you from the catering company.
noticeboard noun  /ˈnəʊtɪsbɔːd/ (also message board); ( US bulletin board)+ a board on a wall on which
pieces of paper containing written information can be fixed:
The reception  desk at their headquarters is dominated by a large noticeboard giving the
company's daily share price.
+ an area on a website where messages containing information for other users can be left:

6
 online noticeboards
avenue noun /ˈæv·ənˌju, -əˌnu/ + a street, often a wide one, in a city or town:
Michigan Avenue in Chicago is famous for its elegant stores.
+ a method or way of doing something; a possibility:
Only two avenues are open to us – accept his offer or  file  a lawsuit.
mind verb  /maɪnd/ (BE ANNOYED) (used in questions and negatives) to be annoyed or worried by
something:
 I wouldn't mind (= I would like)  something to eat, if that's OK.
Would you mind turning (= please turn) your radio  down a little please?
Do you mind if I  (= may I) put the TV on?
against preposition /əˈɡenst/ /(OPPOSING) disagreeing with a plan or activity:
She  spoke against the  decision to close the college.
upset verb  /ˌʌpˈset/ (WORRY) to make someone worried, unhappy, or angry:
The governor’s veto upset a lot of people.
compensation noun /ˌkɒmpənˈseɪʃən/ + HR the combination of payment and other benefits that
an employee receives for doing their job:
Annual compensation for  our executives includes salary, bonus, and other  benefits.
 + money that is paid to someone because they have been hurt, or because
something has been lost or damaged:
If you can prove  that someone else was to blame for your accident, you
will be entitled to compensation.
No doubt :used to emphasize that what you are saying is true or likely to happen:
We will, no doubt, discuss  these issues again at the next meeting.
in the long run : at some time in the future:
You may want to quit  school now, but in the long run, you’ll regret it.
depressed adjective /dɪˈprest/ (UNHAPPY) feeling unhappy and without hope:
He’s depressed about  losing his job.
postpone verb  /pəʊstˈpəʊn/ /pəstˈpəʊn/ to delay an event and plan or decide that it should happen at
a later date or time:
[ + -ing verb ] We've had to postpone going to France because the children are ill.
give up - phrasal verb + to stop trying to guess:
You'll never guess  the answer - do you give up?
shock noun /ʃɑk/ (SURPRISE) a sudden, unexpected, and often unpleasant or offensive event, or
the emotional or physical reaction to such an event:
It was kind of a shock to  hear they wanted to throw it out.