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AMARINE
Thermal insulation is installed on almost every piping system and much of the plant equipment at power generation facilities.
It not only saves energy, but also helps protect against freezing, and more.
Thermal insulation is mainly used to limit heat loss from hot surfaces and heat gain on cold surfaces.
This topic will high light the basic calculations associated with the design of thermal insulation for hot and cold
pipes
Heat-transfer-calculation (https://amarineblog.files.wordpress.com/2020/11/heat-transfer-
calculation.pdf) DOWNLOAD (HTTPS://AMARINEBLOG.FILES.WORDPRESS.COM/2020/11/HEAT-
TRANSFER-CALCULATION.PDF)
Heat flows in the direction of the temperature gradient and the relationships governing heat flow depend on
whether the heat transfer is occurring by conduction, convection, or radiation. These mechanisms for heat transfer
are discussed below with sources of equations, such as the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), appropriately noted.
Q = k x A x (T1 – T2) / X
2
where Q is the heat loss or gain (W or J/s); k is the thermal conductivity (W/mK); A is the area of heat flow (m );
T1 – T2 is the temperature difference (Deg.C); and X is the thickness of material (m).
Formula for Heat transfer through PIPE:
where Q is the heat loss or gain (W or J/s); k is the thermal conductivity (W/mK); T1 – T2 is the temperature
2
difference (Deg.C); A2 is the area of the outer surface (m ); r2 is the radius of the outer surface (m), and r1 is the
radius of the inner surface (m).
From above combination, we got the Formula for Heat transfer through PIPE with INSULATION:
where Q is the total heat loss (W or J/s); L is the length of pipe (m); Ti is the temperature of the fluid inside the pipe
(Deg.C); To is the temperature of outside environment (Deg.C); r1 is the inside radius of pipe (m); r2 is the outside
radius of pipe (m); r3 is the outside radius of insulation (m); hi is the inside film heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K);
hc is the outside convective film heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K); kpipe is the thermal conductivity of pipe
material (W/mK), and kinsulation is the thermal conductivity of insulating material (W/mK).
Still not finished, The Heat continuously transfers through to the AIR (from the Outside convective film, with
consideration of air density, windy speed, ect.,)
Convective Heat Transfer and Radiant Heat Transfer from Outer Surface of Insulated Pipe. The convective heat
transfer coefficient and the radiant heat transfer coefficient determine the heat loss or gain from the outer surface of
the insulation (or pipe, if uninsulated) to the ambient atmosphere. The heat loss equation from the below equation:
Find
the
ho
???
The convective heat transfer coefficient (ho) for the outside air film can be calculated by several methods. The most
common method is to use a correlation involving dimensionless numbers in the Nusselt equation in the following
Nutsselt number form:
After calculated the accumulative heat transfer from inside to outside, we will calculate the average Leak Heat Flux
through all the component (given area of heat transfer):
Within below insulated condition, is the Insulation THICKNESS sufficient for protecting the pipe from over HEAT-
LEAKAGE requirement ( < 30W/m2 )
Step 6: Average heat flux = 24.8 W/m2 < 30 W/m2 –> The design is acceptable!!!
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