Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Main Campus – Sta. Mesa, Manila City, Philippines

College of Science
Science, Technology, and Society
Name: Santos, Matthew Christian, dS. Instructor: Ma’am Ezperanza Arcilla
Course/Year/Section: ABLCS 1-3 Subject Code: GEED 10083

Activity #3: Individual

- Write a three-paragraph reflection about the lives of these scientists and how they
influence society.

Aristotle

Exhibit the scientific and factual reasoning is the nature of thinking of Aristotle as he pre-
dominates his own philosophical thoughts in a scientific favorable. Born in 384 BC in Stagira, in
a small town on the northern coast of Greece, Aristotle was one of those philosopher and
scientist who reasons all of his thought into a sensitive thought using scientific theory as he work
on a solely ambiance which he pivotal contribute on Science as he work on mathematics,
metaphysics, physics, biology, botany, politics, medicine and more and more ideas as he rise on
the profession of a great teacher of many philosopher and generals like the great Alexander the
Great who conquer the half of the world and began a bigger empire to govern and spread the
empire of Romans.
 On his contribution, Aristotle is a wide source for Zoology as he domain the works of
biological habitat of animals and cells through his period. This notified his classification on the
animal kingdom as he is the first one who ventures the traits classification and which he coined
the traits on the Zoology branch which he sampled the two opposite animal types: the one who
doesn’t have blood and the one who has blood which he sampled on the habitat of the animal
kingdom and the societal hierarchy of human which he points the systematic form of Human in a
society.

This believes that scientific reasoning of Aristotle begins to support the ego of human on
the society as he explained on the ponds of his discoveries through his ages that he was the
pioneer of the formal logic which he identified the various scientific thoughts through his idea
and discovery that gives him the view of formal thinking.
SOURCES:
Adhikari, S., (2019, November 20) Top 10 Contributions of Aristotle, Retrieved from:
https://www.ancienthistorylists.com/greek-history/top-10-contributions-of-aristotle/.
Ron Yezzi, Directing Human Actions: Perspectives on Basic Ethical Issues (Lanham: University
Press of America, 1986) pp.170 - 189.
Holmes, J., (2018, February 23) Aristotle: History and Relevancy, Retrieved from:
http://web.colby.edu/st112wa2018/2018/02/23/aristotle-history-and-relevancy/.

Galileo Galilei
 Galileo Galilei was well-known to this ventures and discoveries in the time of 17th
century which he figured the journey to his own knowledge and methodology in his Scientific
hypothesis. Galileo was one of the scientists and astronomer who acknowledge of the motion of
the earth in the orbital concept of it which he was so-called the “modern hero of science” as he
examined the orbital rotation of the Jupiter and its own moon which he theorize the theory of
Copernicus which also advocate the motion of the earth through the sun which he was
questioned by the Catholic empire that brings his religion to be excommunicated to the church.

Galileo Galilei discoveries was one of the valuable discoveries throughout human history
as he discovers the different motion of every planet using his telescope, examine the motion of
pendula and clocks, advocating the relativity of the motion to its own subject material and the
creations of mathematical physics as the rational physics to the world of mathematics and
science. These cognitive ideas struck to one mans discovery that holds the satisfactory on science
and math.

The involvement of Galileo Galilei in society examines how motion and nature acts on
each other as he examines this thing to its own ambiance and habits of action which manifest the
knowledge of the science and the religion which dominate a wide rational thinking to its revolt.
We endeavor the religion and faith as a one passion, but Galileo Galilei holds his interpretation
as he become an experimentalist to its own study and briefing of data that he hypothesizes.
Societal works brings Galileo Galilei to expound his own knowledge to a greater one that brings
him to a marvelous contribution on human society in the way of physics and math and the
religion also.

SOURCE:
Machamer, P., (2017) Galileo Galilei, Retrieved from: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/galileo/.
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy primary sources:
The main body of Galileo’s work is collected in Le Opere di Galileo Galilei, Edizione
Nazionale, 20 vols., edited by Antonio Favaro, Florence: Barbera, 1890-1909; reprinted
1929-1939 and 1964–1966.

 1590, On Motion, translated I.E. Drabkin, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press,

1960.
 1600, On Mechanics, S. Drake (trans.), Madison: University of Wisconsin Press,
1960.
 1610, The Starry Messenger, A. van Helden (ed.), Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1989.
  1613, Letters on the Sunspots, selections in S. Drake, (ed.), The Discoveries and
Opinions of Galileo, New York: Anchor, 1957.
 1623, Il Saggiatore, The Assayer, translated by Stillman Drake, in The Controversy of
the Comets of 1618, Philadelphia: The University of Pennsylvania Press 1960.
 1632, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, S. Drake (trans.),
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.
 1638, Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences, H. Crew and A. de Salvio (trans.),
Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1954, 1974. A better translation is: Galilei,
Galileo. [Discourses on the] Two New Sciences, S. Drake (trans.), Madison:
University of Wisconsin Press, 1974; 2nd edition, 1989 & 2000 Toronto: Wall and
Emerson.

Sir Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton was one of the marvelous English physicist and mathematician who
endeavor on the experimentation of motion and gravity in our planet as he begin to venture a
wide scientific in a momentous freedom and resources that he has. He revolutionizes the science
when he discovered the composition of light integration on the phenomena of colors that gives
him the discovery of Physical optics in the field of Optic physics. This venture made him madly
to find some subject to a bigger picture of his journey as he discovers too the three law of motion
which explained the characteristics of motion to a one object and its own mass and volume and
the speed that proposed the basic principles of Modern physics.
His idea began to work in a full fruition to on the field of math and science which he was
also known for his invention, the Calculus which he inoculates the ideas of numbers and science
in a one subject material. Sir Isaac Newton also contributed on the formulation of universal
gravity as he began to work on how the one object gravitates here in the earth. He uniformed the
theory of circular motion which many scientists like Galileo Galilei examine the orbital motion
of the earth on the theory of heliocentrism which aids the substantial picture of gravity, orbital
motions, and eminent uniform circular motion of the earth on planetary periods. This cutting-
edge experimentation profiled him as the great leading mathematician on the world.

His contributions on the society were one of the eminent and marvelous discovery on the
field of math and science especially on the rationalistic idea of his venture on the construction of
calculus, discovering the optics in the way of composition of light integration, examination on
the circular motion of one planet to the Sun, and discovering the three law of motion that
explained the object and its own speed on its volume and mass as it replaces in a behave one.
This discovery was presented on the mission of Space discovery and calculation of any
fragments of motion in the aerial and gravitational work.

SOURCE:
Smith, G., (2007) Isaac Newton, Retrieved from: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/newton/
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy primary sources:

[P] Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (“Mathematical Principles of

Natural Philosophy”), London, 1687; Cambridge, 1713; London, 1726. Isaac
Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, the Third Edition with
Variant Readings, ed. A. Koyré and I. B. Cohen, 2 vols., Cambridge: Harvard
University Press and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972. The Principia:
Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy: A New Translation, tr. I. B. Cohen
and Anne Whitman, preceded by “A Guide to Newton'sPrincipia” by I. B. Cohen,
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.
[O] Opticks or A Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections & Colors of
Light, London, 1704 (English), 1706 (Latin), 1717/18 (English). Now available
under the same title, but based on the fourth posthumous edition of 1730, New
York: Dover Publications, 1952.
[A] The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended, ed. John Conduit, London,1728.
[S] The System of the World, London, 1728. The original version of the third book of
the Principia, retitled by the translator and reissued in reprint form, London:
 Dawsons of Pall Mall, 1969.
[O] Observations upon the Prophecies of Daniel and the Apocalypse of St John, ed.
Benjamin Smith, London and Dublin,1733.
[C] The Correspondence of Isaac Newton, ed. H. W. Turnbull, J. F. Scott, A. R. Hall,
and L. Tilling, 7 vols., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1959–1984.
[M] The Mathematical Papers of Isaac Newton, ed. D. T. Whiteside, 8 vols., Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1967–81.
[W] The Mathematical Works of Isaac Newton, ed. D. T. Whiteside, 2 vols., New York:
Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1964, 1967. Contains facsimile reprints of the
translations into English published during the first half of the 18 th century.
[U] Unpublished Scientific Papers of Isaac Newton, ed. A. R. Hall and M. B. Hall,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1962.
[N] Isaac Newton's Papers and Letters on Natural Philosophy, 2nd ed., ed. I. B. Cohen
and R. E. Schofield, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978. Contains all the
papers on optics published in the early 1670s, the letters to Bentley, and
Fontenelle's Elogium, among other things).
[L] The Optical Papers of Isaac Newton: Volume 1, The Optical Lectures, 1670–72, ed.
Alan E. Shapiro, Cambridge University Press, 1984; volume 2 forthcoming.
[J] Philosophical Writings, ed. A. Janiak, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2004.

Westfall, R.S., (2021, March 27) Isaac Newton: English physicist and mathematician, Retrieved
from: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Isaac-Newton