MEASURE OF CENTRAL

TENDENCY:
MEAN, MEDIAN, MODE
& RANGE
Ungrouped Data
 Vocabulary Review
■Sum – the answer to an
addition problem.
■Addend – the numbers you
added together to get the
sum.
6 + 9 = 15
Definition

Mean
Means
Average
 Definition
■Mean – the average of a
group of numbers.

2, 5, 2, 1, 5
Mean = 3
Mean is found by evening out the
numbers
2, 5, 2, 1, 5
Mean is found by evening out the
numbers
2, 5, 2, 1, 5
Mean is found by evening out the
numbers
2, 5, 2, 1, 5
mean = 3
 How to Find the Mean
■ Step 1 – Add all of the
numbers (data).

8, 10, 12, 18, 22, 26

8+10+12+18+22+26 = 96
 How to Find the Mean
■Step 2 – Divide the sum by the
number of addends.
8, 10, 12, 18, 22, 26
8+10+12+18+22+26 = 96
How many addends are there?
 How to Find the Mean
■Step 2 – Divide the sum by the
number of addends.
16
# of addends 6) 96 sum
6
36
36
 How to Find the Mean
The mean or average of these
numbers is 16.

8, 10, 12, 18, 22, 26

What is the mean of these
numbers?

7, 10, 16

11
What is the mean of these
numbers?

2, 9, 14, 27

13
What is the mean of these
numbers?

1, 2, 7, 11, 19

8
What is the mean of these
numbers?

26, 33, 41, 52

38
 Definition
■Median – the middle number
in a set of ordered numbers.

1, 3, 7, 10, 13
Median = 7
 How to Find the Median in a
Group of Numbers
■Step 1 – Arrange the numbers
in order from least to greatest.
21, 18, 24, 19, 27
18, 19, 21, 24, 27
 How to Find the Median in a
Group of Numbers
■Step 2 – Find the middle
number.
21, 18, 24, 19, 27
18, 19, 21, 24, 27
 How to Find the Median in a
Group of Numbers
■Step 2 – Find the middle
number.

18, 19, 21, 24, 27

This is your median number.
 How to Find the Median in a
Group of Numbers
■ Step 3 – If there are two middle
numbers, find the mean of these two
numbers.

18, 19, 21, 25, 27, 28

 How to Find the Median in a
Group of Numbers
■ Step 3 – If there are two middle
numbers, find the mean of these two
numbers.

21+ 25 = 46
23 median
2) 46
What is the median of these
numbers?
16, 10, 7
7, 10, 16
10
What is the median of these
numbers?
29, 8, 4, 11, 19
4, 8, 11, 19, 29
11
What is the median of these
numbers?
31, 7, 2, 12, 14, 19
2, 7, 12, 14, 19, 31
13
12 + 14 = 26 2) 26
 What is the median of these
numbers?
53, 5, 81, 67, 25, 78
5, 25, 53, 67, 78, 81
60
53 + 67 = 120 2) 120
 Definition
■Mode – the number that
appears most frequently in a
set of numbers.
1, 1, 3, 7, 10, 13
Mode = 1
 How to Find the Mode in a
Group of Numbers
■Step 1 – Arrange the numbers
in order from least to greatest.
21, 18, 24, 19, 18
18, 18, 19, 21, 24
 How to Find the Mode in a
Group of Numbers
■ Step 2 – Find the number that is
repeated the most. There CAN be
more than one mode.

21, 18, 24, 19, 18

18, 18, 19, 21, 24
 How to Find the Mode in a
Group of Numbers
■ Step 3 – If there is not one number
that appears more often than others,
then there is NO MODE!
Which number is the mode?

29, 8, 4, 8, 19
4, 8, 8, 19, 29
8
Which number is the mode?

1, 2, 2, 9, 9, 4, 9, 10
1, 2, 2, 4, 9, 9, 9, 10
9
Which number is the mode?

22, 21, 27, 31, 21, 32

21, 21, 22, 27, 31, 32
21
 Definition
■ Range – the difference between
the greatest and the least value
in a set of numbers.

1, 1, 3, 7, 10, 13
Range = 12
 How to Find the Range in a
Group of Numbers
■Step 1 – Arrange the numbers
in order from least to greatest.
21, 18, 24, 19, 27
18, 19, 21, 24, 27
 How to Find the Range in a
Group of Numbers
■Step 2 – Find the lowest and
highest numbers.

18, 19, 21, 24, 27

 How to Find the Range in a
Group of Numbers
■Step 3 – Find the difference
between these 2 numbers.
18, 19, 21, 24, 27
27 – 18 = 9
The range is 9
What is the range?

29, 8, 4, 8, 19
4, 8, 8, 19, 29
29 – 4 = 25
 What is the range?

22, 21, 27, 31, 21, 32

21, 21, 22, 27, 31, 32
32 – 21 = 11
What is the range?

31, 8, 3, 11, 19
3, 8, 11, 19, 31
31 – 3 = 28
What is the range?

23, 7, 9, 41, 19
7, 9, 23, 19, 41
41 – 7 = 34
 MEASURE OF CENTRAL
TENDENCY: MEAN MEDIAN
AND MODE
Grouped Data
Mean of Grouped Data
Frequency Distribution Table

SCORES FREQUENCY (f) CLASS MARK (x) fx

34-38 7
29-44 8
24-28 9
19-23 6
14-18 6
9-13 4
i=5 N = 40
Frequency Distribution Table

SCORES FREQUENCY (f) CLASS MARK (x) fx

34-38 7 36
29-44 8 31
24-28 9 26
19-23 6 21
14-18 6 16
9-13 4 11
i=5 N = 40
Frequency Distribution Table

SCORES FREQUENCY (f) CLASS MARK (x) fx

34-38 7 36 252

29-44 8 31 248

24-28 9 26 234

19-23 6 21 126

14-18 6 16 96

9-13 4 11 44

i=5 N = 40
Frequency Distribution Table
SCORES FREQUENCY CLASS MARK fx
(f) (x)
34-38 7 36 252
29-44 8 31 248
24-28 9 26 234
19-23 6 21 126
14-18 6 16 96
9-13 4 11 44
i=5 N = 40
Median of Grouped Data
Median of Grouped Data
We have steps to follow in computing the median
■ Step 1: Compute the cumulative frequency. (cf)
* Note: the last data in cf should be equal to the total number of
cases (n).
SCORES FREQUENC CLASS fx cf
LB - UB Y (f) MARK (x)
34-38 7 36 252 40
29-44 8 31 248 33
24-28 9 26 234 25
19-23 6 21 126 16
14-18 6 16 96 10
9-13 4 11 44 4
i=5 N = 40
Median of Grouped Data

SCORES FREQUENC CLASS fx cf

LB - UB Y (f) MARK (x)
34-38 7 36 252 40
29-44 8 31 248 33
24-28 9 26 234 25
19-23 6 21 126 16 Cfb
14-18 6 16 96 10
9-13 4 11 44 4
i=5 N = 40
 Median of Grouped Data
■ Step 4: To get the (f) and the LB, encircle the top of the
cumulative frequency below (Cfb).
SCORES FREQUENCY CLASS MARK fx cf
LB - UB (f) (x)

34-38 7 36 252 40
Median
29-44 8 31 248 33
class
24-28 9 26 234 25

19-23 6 21 126 16 Cfb

14-18 6 16 96 10

9-13 4 11 44 4

i=5 N = 40

■ f=9 *Note: LB: minus 0.5

■ LB = 24 - .5 = 23.5
Median of Grouped Data
Mode of Grouped Data
Mode of Grouped Data

SCORES FREQUENCY (f) CLASS MARK fx cf

LB - UB (x)

34-38 7 36 252 40

29-44 8 31 248 33

24-28 9 26 234 25

19-23 6 21 126 16

14-18 6 16 96 10

9-13 4 11 44 4

i=5 N = 40
 Mode of Grouped Data
SCORES FREQUENCY (f) CLASS MARK fx cf
LB - UB (x)

34-38 7 36 252 40

Modal 29-44 8 31 248 33

class
24-28 9 26 234 25

19-23 6 21 126 16

14-18 6 16 96 10

9-13 4 11 44 4

i=5 N = 40
Mode of Grouped Data
Answer the following Activities
Pages 348 – 349
Pages 356 – 357
Pages 365 - 366

■ STUDY LESSONS 1-3 (Pages 311-318)

■ Lesson 9 – 16 ( Pages 343-371)