Business MGT GH - Us - Bs - 2010 - Eng

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
REPUBLIC OF GHANA
TEACHING SYLLABUS FOR BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

(SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1-3)
Enquiries and comments on this syllabus should be addressed to:
The Director
Curriculum Research and Development Division (CRDD)
Ghana Education Service
P. O. Box 2739
Accra
Ghana
Tel: 0302-683668
0302-683651
September 2010
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TEACHING SYLLABUS FOR BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
RATIONALE FOR TEACHING BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
A Business enterprise is an organization for managing resources to satisfy human needs and wants. A healthy economy and an improved standard of living
depend on efficient and purposeful management of resources for the production of goods and services. Without an efficient management system, no organization
can achieve any meaningful growth to be able to contribute financially and socially to its owner(s), staff and to the nation in general. One of the major goals of
Ghana‟s economic development is to improve the nation‟s management capability towards the enhancement of the standard of living of its people.
The course in business management will help to develop a business management culture, which is vital for promoting economic development. It is also intended
to acquaint students with knowledge of principles and procedures in business and skills that are necessary for a successful business career. The course will
further lead to the acquisition of attitudes that are necessary for success in modern business practice.
GENERAL AIMS
This syllabus is designed to help students to:

1. recognize the main functional areas of business management.
2. acquire basic principles and techniques for managing a profitable business enterprise.
3. develop skills for solving business problems and minimizing business risks.
4. acquire the capability for developing sound financial basis for business.
5. develop appropriate attitudes and the necessary ethics for modern business.
6. develop the capability for generating ideas for the creation of new business.
7. develop interest in business as a career option.
SCOPE OF CONTENT
The content of this course has been designed in such a way that it will offer enough knowledge and skills to students terminating their education at the end of
senior high school to manage their own businesses efficiently. It also offers adequate foundation for those who will pursue further education in Business. The
content of the syllabus is categorized under ten sections as follows:
1. Nature of management
2. Functions of Management
3. Management Information Technology
4. Legal Environment of Business
5. Finance and Financial Institutions
6. Role of Government in the Economy
7. International Trade and Problems of Developing Economies
8. Globalization and Economic Integration
9. Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management
10. Functional Areas of Management.
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PRE-REQUISITE SKILLS AND ALLIED SUBJECTS
The study of Business Management requires sound knowledge in English Language and Mathematics. Students offering Business Management should have
credit in English Language, Mathematics, and Integrated Science at the JHS level. Students offering this course are to take Financial Accounting and Cost
Accounting or Typewriting and Clerical Office Duties and one or two of the elective subjects under the Business programme.
ORGANIZATION OF THE SYLLABUS
The Sections of the syllabus are sub-divided into Units. The Sections and Units for the three years‟ course are as follows:
ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE OF THE SYLLABUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 2 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 3
TERM ONE TERM ONE TERM ONE
SECTION 1: NATURE OF MANAGEMENT SECTION 1: LEGAL ENVIRONMENT OF SECTION 1: GLOBALIZATION AND ECONOMIC
BUSINESS INTEGRATION
Unit 1: The World of Business and Forms of Unit 1: Globalization
Business Organizations Unit 1: Legal Framework of Business Unit 2: Economic Integration
Unit 2: Meaning and Process of Management Unit 2: Law of Contract
Unit 3: Business and Society Unit 3: Principles of Agency
Unit 4: Negotiable Instruments SECTION 2: FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF
MANAGEMENT I
SECTION 2: FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT I
Unit 1: Elements of Human Resource Management
Unit 1: Planning Unit 2: Labour and Industrial Relations
Unit 3: Fundamentals of Production/Operating
Management
TERM TWO
TERM TWO TERM TWO
SECTION 1: FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF
SECTION 1: FUNCTIONS OF SECTION 1: FINANCE AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT II
MANAGEMENT II INSTITUTIONS
Unit 1: Principles of Marketing Management
Unit 1: Decision-making Unit 1: Business Finance and Financial Institutions Unit 2: E-Commerce
Unit 2: Organizing Unit 2: Money and
Unit 3: Delegation Unit 3: Risk Management and Insurance SECTION 2: ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND
Unit 4: Directing Unit 4: Stock Exchange SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Unit 1: Entrepreneurship
Unit 2: Small Business Development and
Management
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 2 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 3
TERM THREE TERM THREE TERM THREE
SECTION 1: FUNCTIONS OF SECTION 1: ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN

MANAGEMENT III ECONOMY
Unit 1: Communication
Unit 2: Monitoring and Controlling, Evaluation Unit 1: Government Revenue
and Feedback Unit 2: Government Expenditure
SECTION 2: MANAGEMENT AND SECTION 2: INTERNATIONAL Business AND

INFORMATION COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES OF DEVELOPING
TECHNOLOGIES (ICT) ECONOMIES
Unit 1: International Business and Multinational
Unit 1: Integrating ICT into Business Corporations
Unit 2: ICT Applications in Business Unit 2: International Trade
Unit 3: Sources of Information and Search Skills Unit 3: Managing Developing Economies
TIME ALLOCATION
Business Management is allocated 6 periods of 40 minutes each per week. The number of periods may have to be supplemented with extra time in order to
adequately cover the scope of the subject.
SUGGESTIONS FOR TEACHING THE SYLLABUS
To promote effective teaching it is advised that schools adopt the team teaching approach. In addition, the teacher must read this part of the syllabus very
carefully to understand fully the way and manner the syllabus is expected to be used.
General Objectives: General Objectives have been listed at the beginning of each Section. The general objectives specify the skills and behaviours students
should acquire as a result of learning the units of a section. Read the general objectives very carefully before you start teaching the section. After teaching all the
units of a section, go back and read the general objectives again to be sure you have covered the objectives adequately in the course of your teaching.
Sections and Units: The syllabus has been planned on the basis of Sections and Units. Each year‟s work is divided into sections. A section consists of a fairly
homogeneous body of knowledge within the subject. Within each section are units. A unit consists of a more related and homogeneous body of knowledge and
skills.
The syllabus is structured in five columns: Units, Specific Objectives, Content, Teaching and Learning Activities and Evaluation. A description of the contents of
each column is as follows:
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Column 1 – Units: The units in Column 1 are divisions of the major topics of the section. You are expected to follow the unit topics according to the linear order
in which they have been presented. However, if you find at some point that teaching and learning in your class will be more effective if you moved to another
specific objective in the unit or to another unit completely before coming back to the next specific objective or unit in the appropriate sequence, you are
encouraged to do so.
Column 2 – Specific Objectives: Column 2 shows the Specific Objectives for each unit. The specific objectives begin with numbers such as 1.3.5 or 2.2.1.
These numbers are referred to as “Syllabus Reference Numbers”. The first digit in the syllabus reference number refers to the section; the second digit refers to
the unit, while the third digit refers to the rank order of the specific objective. For instance, 1.3.5 means Section 1, Unit 3 (of Section 1) and Specific Objective 5.
In other words, 1.3.5 refers to Specific Objective 5 of Unit 3 of Section 1.
Similarly, the syllabus reference number 2.1.1 means Specific Objective 1 of Unit 1 of Section 2. Using syllabus reference numbers provides an easy way for
communication among educators. It further provides an easy way of selecting objectives for test construction. For instance, Unit 1 of Section 2 has eight specific
objectives: 2.1.1 – 2.1.8. A teacher may want to base his/her test items/questions on objectives 2.1.3 and 2.1.4 and not use the other six objectives. In this way,
the teacher would sample the objectives within units and within sections to be able to develop a test that accurately reflects the importance of the various skills
taught in class.
You will note also that specific objectives have been stated in terms of the student i.e., what the student will be able to do after instruction and learning in the unit.
Each specific objective hence starts with the following, “The student will be able to…” This in effect, means that you have to address the learning problems of
each individual student. It means individualizing your instruction as much as possible so that the majority of students will be able to master the objectives of each
unit of the syllabus.
Column 3 – Content: The “content” in the third column of the syllabus presents a selected body of information that you will need to use in teaching the particular
unit. In some cases, the content presented is quite exhaustive. In other cases, you could add more information to the content presented.
Column 4 – Teaching and Learning Activities (T/LA): T/LA activities that will ensure maximum student participation in the lessons are presented in column 4.
Avoid rote learning and drill-oriented methods and rather emphasize participatory teaching and learning. Also emphasize the cognitive, affective and psychomotor
domains of knowledge in your instructional system wherever appropriate. You are encouraged to re-order the suggested teaching and learning activities and also
add to them where necessary in order to achieve optimum student learning. As we have implied already, the major purpose of teaching and learning is to make
students able to apply their knowledge in dealing with issues both in and out of school.
A suggestion that will help your students acquire the habit of analytical thinking and the capacity for applying their knowledge to problems is to begin each lesson
with a practical problem. Select a practical problem for each lesson. The selection must be made such that students can use knowledge gained in the previous
lesson and other types of information not specifically taught in class. At the beginning of a lesson, state the problem, or write the problem on the board. Let
students analyze the problem, suggest solutions, etc., criticize solutions offered, justify solutions and evaluate the worth of possible solutions. There may be a
number of units where you need to re-order specific objectives to achieve required learning effects.
Column 5 – Evaluation: Suggestions and exercises for evaluating the lessons of each unit are indicated in Column 5. Evaluation exercises can be in the form of
oral questions, quizzes, class assignments, essays, structured questions, project work, etc. Try to ask questions and set tasks and assignments that will challenge
your students to apply their knowledge to issues and problems and engage them in developing solutions and positive attitudes towards the subject. The
suggested evaluation tasks are not exhaustive. You are encouraged to develop other creative evaluation tasks to ensure that students have mastered the
instruction and behaviour implied in the specific objectives of each unit.
Lastly, bear in mind that the syllabus cannot be taken as a substitute for lesson plans. It is, therefore, necessary that you develop a scheme of work and lesson
plans for teaching the units of this syllabus.
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PROFILE DIMENSIONS
A central aspect of this syllabus is the concept of profile dimensions that should be the basis for instruction and assessment. A „dimension‟ is a psychological unit
for describing a particular learning behaviour. More than one dimension constitutes a profile of dimensions. A specific objective such as follows: “The student will
be able to describe…” etc., contains an action verb “describe” that indicates what the student will be able to do after teaching has taken place. Being able to
“describe” something after the instruction has been completed means that the student has acquired “knowledge”. Being able to explain, summarize, give
examples, etc. means that the student has understood the lesson taught. Similarly, being able to develop, plan, construct, etc. means that the student has learnt
to create, innovate or synthesize knowledge. You will note that each of the specific objectives in this syllabus contains an “action verb” that describes the
behaviour the student will be able to demonstrate after the instruction. “Knowledge”., “Application”. etc., are dimensions that should be the prime focus of teaching
and learning in schools. Instruction in most cases has tended to stress knowledge acquisition to the detriment of other higher level behaviours such as application,
analysis, etc. Each action verb indicates the underlying profile dimension of each particular specific objective. Read each objective carefully to know the profile
dimension toward which you have to teach.
DEFINITION OF PROFILE DIMENSIONS

Profile dimensions, as already stated, describe the underlying behaviours for teaching, learning and assessment. In Business Management, the two profile
dimensions that have been specified for teaching, learning and testing are:
Knowledge and Understanding 45%

Application of Knowledge 55%
Each of the dimensions has been given a percentage weight that should be reflected in teaching, learning and testing. The weights, indicated on the right of the
dimensions, show the relative emphasis that the teacher should give in the teaching, learning and testing processes. The focus of this syllabus is to get students
not only to acquire knowledge but also to understand what they have learnt and apply them practically.
The explanation and key words involved in each of the dimensions are as follows:
Knowledge and Understanding (KU)
Knowledge The ability to:

remember, recall, identify, define, describe, list, name, match, state principles, facts and concepts. Knowledge is therefore the
ability to remember or recall material already learned and constitutes the lowest level of learning.
Understanding The ability to:
explain, summarize, translate, rewrite, paraphrase, give examples, generalize, estimate or predict consequences based upon a
trend. Understanding is generally the ability to grasp the meaning of some material that may be verbal, pictorial, or symbolic.
Application of Knowledge (AK)
The ability to use knowledge or apply knowledge, as implied in this syllabus, has a number of learning/behaviour levels. These levels include application, analysis,
innovation or creativity, and evaluation. These may be considered and taught separately, paying attention to reflect each of them equally in your teaching. The
dimension “Application of Knowledge” is a summary dimension for all four learning levels. Details of each of the four sub-levels are as follows:
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Application The ability to:
apply rules, methods, principles, theories, etc. to concrete situations that are new and unfamiliar. It also involves the ability to
produce, solve, operate, demonstrate, discover, etc.
Analysis The ability to:

break down a piece of material into its component parts; to differentiate, compare, distinguish, outline, separate, identify significant
points, etc., recognize unstated assumptions and logical fallacies, recognize inferences from facts, etc. Analytical ability underlies
discriminating thinking.
Innovation/Creativity The ability to:

Put parts together to form a new whole, a novel, coherent whole or make an original product. It involves the ability to synthesize,
combine, compile, compose, devise, construct, plan, produce, invent, devise, make, program, film, animate, mix, re-mix, publish,
video cast, podcast, direct, broadcast, suggest (an idea, possible ways), revise, design, organize, create, and generate new ideas
and solutions. The ability to create or innovate is the highest form of learning. The world becomes more comfortable because
some people, based on their learning, generate new ideas, design and create new things.
Evaluating The ability to:

Appraise, compare features of different things and make comments or judgement, contrast, critique, justify, hypothesize,
experiment, test, detect, monitor, review, post, moderate, collaborate, network, refractor, support, discuss, conclude, make
recommendations etc. Evaluation refers to the ability to judge the worth or value of some material based on some criteria and
standards. We generally compare, appraise and select throughout the day. Every decision we make involves evaluation.
Evaluation is a high level ability just as application, analysis and innovation or creativity since it goes beyond simple knowledge
acquisition and understanding.
The action verbs provided under the various profile dimensions and in the specific objectives of the syllabus should help you to structure your teaching such as to
achieve the effects needed. Select from the action verbs provided for your teaching, in evaluating learning before, during and after the instruction. Use the action
verbs also in writing your test questions.
FORM OF ASSESSMENT
It must be emphasized again that it is important that both instruction and assessment be based on the profile dimensions of the subject. In developing assessment
procedures, select specific objectives in such a way that you will be able to assess a representative sample of the syllabus objectives. Each specific objective in
the syllabus in considered a criterion to be achieved by the student. When you develop a test that consists of items or questions that are based on a
representative sample of the specific objectives taught, the test is referred to as a “Criterion-Referenced Test”. In many cases, a teacher cannot test all the
objectives taught in a term, in a year, etc. The assessment procedure you use i.e. class tests, home work, projects, etc. must be developed in such a way that it
will consist of a sample of the important objectives taught over a period.
The West African Examinations Council (WAEC) generally set two papers 1 and 2 at the WASSCE. Paper 1 is an objective test and Paper 2, a compulsory case
study and structured questions. Emulate this by developing an objective test paper (Paper 1) that consists of fifty items. Paper 2 is a 2 hour paper. It consists of a
compulsory case study (scenario-type) question and seven other essay questions out of which candidates will be expected to answer any three. The case study
question will carry 25 marks while other questions carry equal marks of 15 each.
The last row shows the weight of the marks allocated to each of the three test components. The two papers and the School Based Assessment (SBA) are
weighted differently. Paper 1, the objective test paper is weighted 30%. Paper 2 is a more intellectually demanding paper and is therefore weighted 70%. The
percentages in the last row show the contribution of each test paper to the total marks in the examination.
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Distribution of Examination Paper Weights And Marks
Dimensions Paper 1 Paper 2 School Based Total marks % Weight of

Assessment Dimension
-
Knowledge and Understanding 35 100 135 45
Application of Knowledge 15 70 - 85 55
Total marks 50 70 100 220 -

-
% Contribution of Paper 30 70 30 100
The numbers in the cells indicate the marks to be allocated to the items/questions that test each of the dimensions within the respective papers.
The fifth column shows the total marks allocated to each of the dimensions. The numbers in this column are additions of the numbers in the cells and they agree
with the profile dimension weights indicated in the last column. Of the total marks of 220, the 135 marks for Knowledge and Understanding is equivalent to 45%.
The 85 marks for “Application” is equivalent to 55% of the total marks.
Because of the large weight on Knowledge and Understanding, SBA should be used to test this dimension. A further advice would be to undertake the practical
skills component under continuous assessment. In this case, the assessment structure will consist of two test papers and Continuous Assessment.
Item Bank: Obviously the structure of assessment recommended in this syllabus will need a lot of work on the part of the teacher. In preparation for setting
examination papers, try to develop an item bank. The term “item bank” is a general term for a pool of objective items, a pool of essay questions or a pool of
practical test questions. As you teach the subject, begin to write objective test items, essay questions, structured essay questions and practical test questions to fit
selected specific objectives which you consider important to be tested. If you proceed diligently, you will realize you have written more than 100 objective test
items, and more than 30 essay questions in a space of one year. Randomly select from the item bank to compose the test papers. Select with replacement. This
means, as items/questions are selected for testing, new ones have to be written to replace those items/questions already used in examinations. Items and
questions that have been used in examinations may also be modified and stored in the item bank.
An important issue in the preparation for a major examination such as the WASSCE is the issue of test-wiseness. To be test-wise means that the student knows
the mechanics for taking a test. These mechanics include writing candidate‟s index number and other particulars accurately and quickly on the answer paper;
reading all questions before selecting the best questions to answer; apportioning equal time to each question or spending more time on questions that carry more
marks; making notes on each question attempted before writing the answer; leaving extra time to read over one‟s work; finally checking to see that the personal
particulars supplied on the answer sheet are accurate. Some good students sometimes fail to do well in major examinations because of weakness in the
mechanics of test taking; because they are not test wise. Take your final year students through these necessary mechanics so that their performance in major
examinations may not be flawed by the slightest weakness in test taking.
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GUIDELINES FOR SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT (SBA)
A new School Based Assessment system (SBA) will be introduced into the school system in 2011. The new SBA system is designed to provide schools with an
internal assessment system that will help schools to achieve the following purposes:
o Standardize the practice of internal school-based assessment in all Senior High Schools in the country
o Provide reduced assessment tasks for subjects studied at SHS
o Provide teachers with guidelines for constructing assessment items/questions and other assessment tasks
o Introduce standards of achievement in each subject and in each SHS class
o Provide guidance in marking and grading of test items/questions and other assessment tasks
o Introduce a system of moderation that will ensure accuracy and reliability of teachers‟ marks
o Provide teachers with advice on how to conduct remedial instruction on difficult areas of the syllabus to improve class performance.
The arrangement for SBA may be grouped in categories as follows: Project, Mid-Term test, Group Exercise and End of Term Examination.
Project: This will consist of a selected topic to be carried out by groups of students for a year. Segments of the project will be carried out each term toward the final
project completion at the end of the year, The project may consist of
i) Investigative study
ii) Practical work
iii) Case Study
Mid-Term Test: The mid-term test following a prescribed format will form part of the SBA
Group Exercise: This will consist of written assignments or practical work on a topic(s) considered important or complicated in the term‟s syllabus
End-of-Tem Examination: The end-of-term test is a summative assessment system and should consist of the knowledge and skills students have acquired in the
term. The end-of-term test for Term 3 for example, should be composed of items/questions based on the specific objectives studied over the three terms,
using a different weighting system such as to reflect the importance of the work done in each term in appropriate proportions. For example, a teacher may
build an End-of-Term 3 test in such a way that it would consist of the 20% of the objectives studied in Term 1, 20% of objectives studied in Term 2 and
60% of the objectives studied in Term 3.
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GRADING PROCEDURE
To improve assessment and grading and also introduce uniformity in schools, it is recommended that schools adopt the following WASSCE grade structure for
assigning grades on students‟ test results. The WASSCE structure is as follows:
Grade A1: 80 - 100% - Excellent

Grade B2: 70 - 79% - Very Good
Grade B3: 60 - 69% - Good
Grade C4: 55 - 59% - Credit
Grade D7: 40 - 44% - Pass
Grade D8: 35 - 39% - Pass
Grade F9: 34% and below - Fail
In assigning grades to students‟ test results, you are encouraged to apply the above grade boundaries and the descriptors which indicate the meaning of each
grade. The grade boundaries i.e., 60-69%, 50-54% etc., are the grade cut-off scores. For instance, the grade cut-off score for B2 grade is 70-79% in the example.
When you adopt a fixed cut-off score grading system as in this example, you are using the criterion-referenced grading system. By this system a student must
make a specified score to be awarded the requisite grade. This system of grading challenges students to study harder to earn better grades. It is hence a very
useful system for grading achievement tests.
Always remember to develop and use a marking scheme for marking your class examination scripts. A marking scheme consists of the points for the best answer
you expect for each question, and the marks allocated for each point raised by the student as well as the total marks for the question. For instance, if a question
carries 20 marks and you expect 6 points in the best answer, you could allocate 3 marks or part of it (depending upon the quality of the points raised by the
student) to each point , hence totaling 18 marks, and then give the remaining 2 marks or part of it for organization of answer. For objective test papers you may
develop an answer key to speed up the marking.
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL - YEAR 1 - TERM 1
SECTION 1
NATURE OF MANAGEMENT
General objectives: The student will:
1. appreciate the world of business

2. be aware of the forms of business organizations being operated in Ghana.
3. appreciate the need to study management.
4. recognize the social, ethical and legal responsibilities of business.
5. recognize the need for business to respond to their social, ethical and legal responsibilities.
6. acquire skills in using principles learnt to solve problems through case study.
UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING EVALUATION

ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1 The student will be able to: Assist students to:
FORMS OF 1.1.1 explain the world of business Evolution of man‟s efforts to supply trace the evolution of business
BUSINESS his/her needs since creation
ORGANIZATION Man has since time immemorial Note: Use graphical presentation in doing
employed several ways in which to this.
supply his needs and wants.
1.1.2 explain the concept of Concept of business organization discuss the concept of business
business organization. Entity involved in the organization.
transformation of resources into
products and services in order to Note: Stress on the importance of
meet the needs of people. management Organize a symposium on
the topic.
1.1.3 identify the major forms of Major forms of business identity and discuss the characteristics of
business organization and organizations each form of business organization.
their characteristics. - Sole proprietorship, What forms of business
- Partnership, organization are more
- Limited liability company, sustainable over time?
- Public corporation,
- Co-operatives
1
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1(CONT’D) The student will be able to; Assist students to:
FORMS OF 1.1.4 describe the procedures for Procedures for the formation of role play the procedures for the formation
BUSINESS the formation of the various various business organizations. of various business organizations.
ORGANIZATION business organizations. - Registration of Business Emphasize the documents used for
Names Act 151, 1962) registration.
- Incorporated Partnership law
(Act 152, 1962)
- Company Code (Act 179,
1963)
1.1.5 Outline the advantages and Advantages and disadvantages of brainstorm to bring out advantages and Write the advantages and
disadvantages of the various various business organizations disadvantages of the various forms of disadvantages of
forms of business e.g., Sole proprietorship, business organizations. partnership.
organization. partnership, limited liability
company, public corporation and State the advantages and
co-operatives. disadvantages of sole
proprietorship. Why is it
common in Ghana?
1.1.6 describe the methods for Methods for distribution of profits or discuss methods for sharing profits and
distribution of profits and losses in business organizations losses in various business organizations
absorption of losses in various - Sole proprietor – owner takes all
forms of business profits and bears all losses
organization. - Partnership – partners share
profits and losses in agreed
ratios.
- Companies – profits are shared
according to number of shares
held by individual shareholders.
Write an essay on causes
1.1.7 outline the causes of business Causes of business failure discuss the reasons why some of business failure.
failure. - Managerial incompetence businesses fail. e.g. managerial
- Insufficient capital incompetence – lack of competent
- Weak control system managers for the business enterprise
- Risks, etc.
2
ACTIVITIES
MEANING AND 1.2.1 explain management Meaning of management brainstorm the meaning of management.
PROCESS OF Involves coordinating and
MANAGEMENT overseeing the work activities of Note: stress that management aims at
others to achieve organizational accomplishing goals efficiently and
goals and objectives through the effectively.
use of appropriate strategies and
tasks
discuss why it is necessary to plan,
1.2.2 explain the basic functions of The four basic functions of organize, direct and control, monitor, Students in groups discuss
management. management evaluate and the need for feedback on the how they would set goals
- planning activities of organizations. and use the process of
- organizing planning, organizing,
- directing directing, monitoring and
- controlling, monitoring, controlling in their school
evaluation and feedback activities and write report
for class forum.
1.2.3 identify the different levels of Levels of management discuss the different levels of What is the relationship
management. - Top management/ management designed in helping to meet between the board of
- Corporate level corporate objectives. directors and the various
- Middle management/Functional levels of management of a
level company?
- Lower management/operational
level
1.2.4 identify types of managers by Types of Managers describe the functions of each of the
their functions in organizations. - Administration managers listed under content.
- Finance
- Marketing
- Human Resource
- Procurement
- Production/Operations
- etc
1.2.5 identify careers in business Careers in management discuss careers in management. Students interview some
management. e.g. Human Resource Manager, managers in their
Finance Manager, locality and present a
Accounts Manager, report to be discussed
Marketing Manager, in class
Transport Manager, etc.
3
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2 (CONT’D) The student will be able to: Assist students to:
MEANING AND 1.2.6. explain the roles of the Roles of a Manager come out with the roles of the manager
PROCESS OF manager Someone who coordinates and
MANAGEMENT oversees the work of other people discuss the roles of managers in an
in order to achieve organizational organization. e.g.
goals, etc. Entrepreneurial role – managers may be
regarded as entrepreneurs who use the
Roles of managers information at their disposal to achieve
Interpersonal positive change in the form of a new
- Figurehead product or idea or restructuring their
- Leader businesses.
- Liaison
Informational
- Monitor
- Disseminator
- Spokesperson
Decisional
- Entrepreneur,
- Disturbance handler,
- Resource allocator,
- Negotiator
1.2.7 explain how culture influences Relationship between Management discuss how management and culture are
management practices in and Culture. related. e.g.
Ghana. - Customs stress on core values in the Ghanaian
- Belief culture that promote good management
- Attitudes practice. e.g., truth, teamwork, loyalty and
- Values honesty.
1.2.8 differentiate administration from Difference between administration brainstorm on the differences between
management. and management. administration and management.
Administration – involves
implementation of policies, discuss the points raised to either accept
procedures, regulations, rules, or reject.
guidelines and sanctions.
Management – is concerned with
policy formulation at the corporate
level. The major roles or activities
are planning, organizing, directing,
and controlling , monitoring,
evaluation and feedback of
organizational activities.
4
ACTIVITIES
BUSINESS AND 1.3.1 explain business environment. Meaning of business environment discuss with students the meaning and
SOCIETY The forces, both internal and importance of business environment. E.g.
external, to the business that affect business organizations obtain resources
and influence its activities from, and are dependent on the
environment in which they operate.
1.3.2 identify forces in the internal Internal forces: - e.g. physical discuss with learners the forces in the Students in groups to
and external business facilities, financial and human internal and external business interview business owners
environment. resources, management style environment using relevant examples. in their community about
External forces- e.g. technology, the following:
economic, social, political and legal i) qualities they expect from
their workers
ii) the factors that influence
their businesses both
internally and externally
and submit their reports.
1.3.3 differentiate among ethical, Ethical, legal and social guide students to differentiate between What are the implications of
legal and social responsibilities responsibilities of business ethical, legal and social responsibilities of noncompliance with the
of business. business. legal requirements of the
country?
using reports from the media, guide
students to discuss the ethical, legal and Outline the responsibilities
social responsibilities of business towards of a business towards its
their employees and the communities employees, the community
within which they are located. and the government using
examples from Ghanaian
1.3.4 identify business stakeholders. Primary stakeholders business community.
Owners, employees, management
Secondary stakeholders
Customers, suppliers, community,
media, etc.
5
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 3 (CONT’D) The student will be able to:
BUSINESS AND 1.3.5 analyze the ethical, legal and Business responsibilities towards Students to investigate businesses and PROJECT
SOCIETY social responsibilities stakeholders industries that pose threats to the Give reasons to show why
businesses have towards their e.g. community – controlling environment in terms of pollution or certain types of businesses
stakeholders environmental degradation degradation. are more prone to
environmental pollution and
Government – payment of taxes. Note: Highlight the activities of the degradation.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Ethical – manufacture of food items
using wholesome ingredients
instead of rotten or toxic ones.
Students to submit report
1.3.6 cite evidences of how Students to identify and discuss cases on social responsibilities of
businesses have collectively or where businesses have responded businesses in their locality.
individually responded to the favourably or otherwise to social
call for social responsibility. responsibilities and exhibited ethical
consciousness.
6
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL- YEAR 1
SECTION 2
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT I

1. appreciate the importance of planning as the first step in the management process.
2. be aware of steps in planning process
3. be aware of the different types of planning managers engage in.
4. appreciate the various tools used in planning
5. acquire skills in using principles learnt in solving problems through case study (scenario).

ACTIVITIES
The student will be able to: Assist students to:
UNIT 1
discuss the meaning of planning.
PLANNING 2.1.1 explain the concept of
Meaning of planning
planning.
Involves defining goals,
establishing strategies for
achieving those goals and
developing plans to integrate and
co-ordinate the activities.
brainstorm to come out with the
Importance of planning importance of planning. From a list of problems
2.1.2 explain the importance of
- gives direction identified by the teacher, in
planning. discuss points raised.
- promotes coordination between groups of five, write out
various departments your plan for solving this
- ensures that business keeps problem
abreast with technology
- compels manager to look into
the future
- promotes stability
- ensures cohesion
2.1.3 explain the steps in the Steps in the planning process discuss the steps in the planning process
planning process. - set goals e.g. setting goals – determining the target
- gather information that the organization wants to achieve.
- develop alternative plans
- evaluate alternative plans
- select the best plan
- develop back-up plan
- implement and monitor,
- evaluate and give feedback .
7
ACTIVITIES
PLANNING 2.1.4 identify the types of planning. Types of planning Through discussion, guide students to
Strategic - long term planning distinguish between strategic, tactical and
carried out by top management to operational planning
develop broad overall strategy to
realize the mission of the business.
Tactical – refers to medium term

planning, carried out by middle
management for the various
functional departments to realize
their goals.
Operational – short-term planning

carried out by lower management
to achieve operational objectives.
Contingency - organized and Assist students to discuss planning tools. Look for samples of
coordinated sets of steps or action - Forecasting budgets from the
to be taken if an emergency or - Scheduling Internet/CDs/School‟s
disaster (fire, flood, injury, robbery, - Budgeting Accounts Office for class
etc.) strikes discussion.
2.1.5 explain planning tools. Planning tools Emphasize the application of the planning
- Forecasting – applying a set of tools in production or project management
mathematical rules to a series of e.g. scheduling is used for planning the
past data to predict future time for completing customers‟ orders.
values.
- Scheduling – planning of time Note: Find information on the use of
for reaching objectives. logical frame work analysis and critical
- Budgeting - allocating resources path analysis in project management.
to specific activities.
- Roll out project
2.1.6 state the limitations of planning. Limitations to planning Discuss the limitations of planning Students in groups, select a
- lack of accurate data E.g. lack of accurate data – sometimes business, set goals,
- insufficient time the data which is used to forecast develop plans with
- lack of expertise, etc. production and sales figures might not be accompanying budget and
accurate and thus affect the forecast. submit for class discussion.
(See Content of 2.1.3)
8
TERM TWO
SECTION 1
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT II
1. appreciate the importance of decision-making in business.

2. be aware of the importance and effects of organizing.
3. appreciate the importance of directing in management.
4. acquire skills in using principles learnt in solving problems through case study (scenario).

ACTIVITIES
UNIT1 The student will be able to: Assist students to:

1.1.1 explain decision-making. Definition of decision-making brainstorm to bring out the meaning of
DECISION-MAKING Making a choice from two or more decision-making.
alternative courses of action.
1.1.2 analyze the steps in Steps in the decision-making discuss each element in the sequence of
decision- making process. process the decision-making process using an Develop a case study
i) identify or define the problem example. (scenario) to test students‟
ii) gather information on the understanding of the steps
problem make a decision on a school situation in the decision-making
iii) develop possible alternative using the steps outlined. process.
solutions
iv) make a choice/decision
v) implement the selected
solution
vi) follow-up, control and make
revisions as necessary
1.1.3 explain why decision-making is Importance of decision-making discuss the alternative of having to buy a Students to role play a
necessary in business. - allocate resources of a school bus or establish a computer situation in class which
business laboratory. would call for a decision to
- negotiate with labour on be made by the class.
conditions of service
- marketing decisions fixing
prices
- respond to changes in
business environment.
9
ACTIVITIES
DECISION-MAKING 1.1.4 differentiate between Differences differentiate between programmed and

programmed and Programmed decisions: - routine non-programmed decisions.
non-programmed decisions. and repetitive.
Non-programmed decisions: - are
one-off decisions.
1.1.5 identify the levels of Decisions by levels of Discuss with students the levels of Match levels of
management and types of management management and types of decisions they management with types of
decisions each level makes. i. Strategic decisions-made by top make. decisions listed.
Management
ii. Tactical decisions-made by
middle management
iii. Operational decisions-made by
lower management
1.1.6 describe persons and groups Parties in decision-making State and discuss reasons why a student Students in groups, discuss
involved in the decision- process should be dismissed from school for not how committees are formed
making process. i. i. Board of Directors – for policy complying with rules? and brainstorm for the
decisions advantages and
ii. Internal specialists and disadvantages of decision-
outside consultants - for Discuss how a committee is constituted. making by committees.
technical decisions Present reports to class.
iii. Committees made up of
representatives from different
divisions of the business – for
decisions that affect the
divisions concerned.
1.1.7 apply the decision-making Application of decision-making

process in actual decision process to a selected business Select some business problems. Assign a
situations. problem. problem to each group of students. Each
group to select its chairperson and
secretary and go through the decision-
making process to arrive at a final
problem solution.
Monitor and advise the groups.
Summarize discussion on ways for
arriving at decisions.
10
UNIT
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES TEACHING AND LEARNING EVALUATION
CONTENT ACTIVITIES

1.2.1 explain organizing. Meaning of organizing discuss how material, human and financial
ORGANIZING It is involves- putting structures in resources are arranged for and allocated
place, allocating resources in the in organizations.
desired order, assigning duties
and responsibilities with the aim of
accomplishing the organization‟s
goals
1.2.2 Outline the importance of Importance of organizing discuss the importance of organizing in Students present a report
organizing. Determine: business. e.g. determining what needs to on how they organize their
- what needs to be done be done so that work can be properly studies in class.
- how it will be done allocated.
- who is to do it and
- when to do it.
1.2.3 explain the activities involved Activities of organizing discuss the activities involved in
in organizing - determining work to be done organizing, e.g. determining work to be
- dividing the total work load done.
- defining positions This involves identifying the various tasks
- assigning tasks that have to be undertaken.
- exacting accountability
1.2.4 outline the principles of Principles of organizing discuss the principles of organizing. E.g.
organizing. - authority authority is the power to command
- division of labour resources and exact obedience.
- responsibility
- discipline
- unity of command,
- accountability, and
- delegation
1.2.5 define organizational structure. Meaning of organization structure brainstorm to come out with an Students discuss the
The framework for identifying and explanation of organizational structure. difference between an
organizing the duties and tasks to organizational structure of a
be performed within an discuss reasons why an organization must public organization and a
organization and assigning have a structure. private business set-up.
personnel to such tasks
1.2.6 identify types of organizational Types of organizational structure discuss the types of organizational
structure - Line structure listed.
- Line and staff
- Staff
- Functional
- Matrix
11
ACTIVITIES
ORGANIZING 1.2.7 define organizational chart Definition of Organizational chart discuss the meaning of organizational Students should draw the
(organogram). (organogram) chart. organizational chart of their
A pictorial representation of the Illustrate the drawing of an organizational school.
structure of an organization, chart using the titles in a typical
relationships among workers and organization.
divisions of work.
1.2.8 describe the types of Types of organizational charts discuss the two major types of
organizational charts. Most organizational charts are: organizational charts.
- Hierarchical
- Tall
- Vertical
- Horizontal
- Matrix
- Flat
1.2.9 analyze the advantages and Advantages and disadvantages of list and explain advantages and
disadvantages of organizational charts. disadvantages of organizational charts.
organizational charts.
1.2.10 identify and interpret formal Formal and informal relationships discuss the relationships in an
and informal relationships - Line, organization and their advantages and What are some of the
existing among employees of - Functional, and disadvantages. Identify formal and management problems that
an organization. - Line-and-staff relationships informal relationships in an organization, may arise if an organization
- Grapevine. and how formal relationships can be used grows too large?
effectively.
1.2.11 state the effects of growth on Effects of growth on an discuss business growth beyond certain
the organizational structure organization. limits and its effect on organizational
and organizational efficiency. efficiency.
12
ACTIVITIES
ORGANIZING 1.2.12 explain the terms Meaning of centralization discuss the meaning of the terms Students give five
centralization and - centralization: the act of centralization and decentralization. examples each of
decentralization. combining into an integral whole centralized and
the functions and authority of an brainstorm on what will happen if decentralized organizations
organization under a single unit passports could only be obtained in Accra. and state the differences
between them.
- decentralization :– is the
distribution of administrative
functions or powers of a central
authority among several units.
1.2.13 analyze the advantages and Advantages and disadvantages of Guide students to analyze the challenges Compare the advantages
disadvantages of centralized centralization and decentralization. and advantages of centralization and and disadvantages of a
and decentralized systems. decentralization. centralized and
decentralized organization
13
ACTIVITIES
DELEGATION 1.3.1 explain delegation. Meaning of delegation brainstorm to explain the term delegation.
This is the act of giving formal .
authority and responsibility to
subordinates to complete
assignments.
discuss the reasons for granting authority
1.3.2 outline the principles of Principles of delegation when delegating tasks. Develop a scenario to test
delegation. - Assignment of responsibility the principles of delegation.
- Granting of authority
- Providing the needed resources
- Establishment of accountability
1.3.3 identify the benefits of Benefits of delegation role-play delegation by assigning the Explain four benefits of
delegation. - managers get more time for same task to two groups. One group will delegation.
other important matters have tasks of its members spelt out while
- speeds up decision-making the second group is left on its own to sort
- saves time out the tasks. The assignment is time
- improves self-confidence and bond.
willingness of subordinates
1.3.4 explain why some managers Why some managers do not discuss the reasons why some manages Write an essay on why
do not delegate. delegate do not delegate. some managers are
- “I can do it better myself ” fallacy reluctant to delegate.
- Lack of confidence in
subordinates
- Absence of control system
- Fear of subordinates as
competitors
- Fear of appearing lazy
1.3.5 explain why some subordinates Why some subordinates do not brainstorm for the reasons why some Write an essay indicating
do not accept delegated accept assignments/responsibilities subordinates do not accept delegated whether they would accept
responsibilities. - subordinates find it easier to ask responsibilities delegated assignment or
the boss than to decide for not and give reasons why.
themselves
- fear of criticism for mistakes
- lack of necessary information
and resources to do a good job
- lack of self-confidence
- lack of incentives
14
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 3 (CONT’D) The student will be able to: Assist students to
DELEGATION .
1.3.6 suggest ways of making Factors making delegation effective discuss, how to make delegation effective. Organize a debate on the
delegation effective - clarify assignment topic „Delegation is not
- specify range of discretion necessary in the work
- allow employee to participate place‟. Get three speakers
- announce delegation on each side.
- establish feed-back channels
UNIT 4
DIRECTING 1.4.1 explain directing. Meaning of directing discuss directing, using real life examples. Students write a report on
Involves working with people, how they would direct their
supervising and leading them o subordinates for class
achieve organizational goals discussion.
1.4.2 analyze the various elements Elements of directing describe elements in the process of
in the directing process. - motivation directing
- leadership
- communication
- supervision
1.4.3 explain motivation. Meaning of motivation brainstorm meaning of motivation. Develop a mini-case to
Is what compels a person to elicit students‟ responses
achieve something or the act by on the importance of
which a person‟s efforts are motivation
energized, directed and sustained
toward attaining a goal.
15
ACTIVITIES
DIRECTING 1.4.4 identify the two basic factors Basic factors of motivation Analyze the basic factors of motivation. Students write a report on
of motivation. Internal (Intrinsic) factors are those how they would direct their
that are within the individual. subordinates for class
Note: Stress that external factors like discussion.
External (extrinsic) factors are incentives, promotion, etc. constitute
those that are from outside the motivational techniques. Develop a mini-case to
individual. elicit students‟ responses
on the importance of
motivation
1.4.5 explain Maslow‟s „Hierarchy of Maslow‟s Hierarchy of Needs Guide students to discuss Maslow‟s Students draw and label
Needs‟. - physiological needs – A hierarchy of needs. Maslow‟s hierarchy of
person‟s need for food, drink, needs, giving examples of
sexual satisfaction, and other each type of need and how
physical needs. they can use it in a
business situation.
- security/safety needs – a
person‟s needs for security
and protection from physical
and emotional harm.
-
- social needs – A person‟s
needs for affection,
belongingness, acceptance,
and friendship.
-
- esteem needs – A person‟s
needs for internal factors such
as self-respect, autonomy,
and achievement, and
external factors such as
status, recognition, and
attention.
- self-actualization needs – A
person‟s need to become
what he/she is capable of
becoming.
16
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 4 (CONT’D) The student will be able to: Assist student to:
DIRECTING
1.4.6 describe the various leadership Leadership styles Let students know that effective leaders Students should give
styles. - autocratic are skillful at helping the group(s) they reasons why democratic
- democratic lead to be successful as the group(s) goes leadership has positive
- laissez (faire) through various stages of development. effect on business
operation and profitability
1.4.7 outline the importance of good Importance of good leadership Students to role-play an office where the Students comment on
leadership in business. - improves human relations in general manager is autocratic aspects of the role-play.
an organization.
- helps leaders to influence
their members in goal
attainment, etc
1.4.8. explain sources of power Sources of power Students to differentiate the various Students should discuss
available to leaders. - legitimate, sources of power available to leaders „command‟ leadership and
- coercive, „democratic‟ leadership and
- reward, then suggest ways of
- Referent and expert. improving leadership styles
of Ghanaian businesses.
17
TERM THREE
SECTION 1
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT III
1. appreciate the importance of communication in business.

2. be aware of the various communication channels and barriers to communication.
3. understand the importance of control and monitoring in business
4. appreciate the need for evaluation and feedback in business
4. develop skills in using principles learnt in solving basic problems through case study.

ACTIVITIES
COMMUNICATION 1.1.1. Explain communication. Meaning of communication discuss the meaning of communication
Passing of information and with emphasis on effective
understanding from a person(s) or communication.
an organization(s) to another
1.1.2 state the importance of Importance of communication discuss the importance of communication Write five importance of
communication. - for giving instructions to managers e.g. ensuring control, communication.
- for receiving feed-back motivation, emotional expression and
- for disseminating policies, giving information.
- etc.
1.1.3. explain the process of
communication process. Process of communication process discuss the communication process Draw a diagram to illustrate
- sender through role-play. the communication
- encoding process.
- message
- medium (channel)
- receiver
- decoding
- feed-back
- noise
18
ACTIVITIES
COMMUNICATION 1.1.4 distinguish between formal and Formal channels of communication: discuss formal channels of communication Students to draw
informal communication. Vertical using organizational structure. organization chart, showing
- Upward the formal channels of
- Downward communication
Horizontal
Diagonal
Informal channel of communication discuss the role of informal

Grapevine communication in an organization using
examples.
1.1.5 identify and explain forms of Forms of communication Discuss the various forms of
communications. - Verbal communication.
- Written
- Non-verbal
- Electronic
1.1.6 Identify methods of Methods/Media of communication

communication - Print (newspapers, magazines,
directories, handbills, posters,
banners, billboards, flyers, etc.)
- Electronic (Radio, television,
audio and video conference,
etc.)
1.1.7 identify barriers to Barriers to communication Give a student a message to his/her Allow students to comment
communication Personal/Human/Psychological hearing only. Let that student pass on the on the exercise just
- interpersonal relationship message to another student who in turn conducted in class and
- sex passes the message to another undertone identify problems of
- age till it reaches the last student. Let the last communication.
- gender student say to the class the message
given to him/her was. Compare that
Emotional/Psychological message with the original one.
preparedness
- Prejudices. Assist students to identify and discuss What are some of the
- Beliefs barriers to communication. problems that managers
- distracting behaviors encounter when
communicating with
employees?
19
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1 (CONT’D) The student will be able to; Assist students to:
COMMUNICATION Environmental/Physical
- Geographical or physical
distance (office location, etc.)
- Physical noise (traffic, radio,
aircraft, mobile phone, etc.)
- Sitting arrangement
- Structural dividers (office
layout),
- etc.
Organizational
- Undifferentiated authority
resulting in confusion
- Semantic/Language
- Filtering
- Information overload
- Poor organizational climate,
- etc.
1.1.8 explain guidelines to effective Guidelines to effective Discuss the factors that contribute to
communication communication effective communication in an
- Use simplified language organization.
- Encourage feed-back
- Listen attentively Apply the principles learnt in solving
- Restrain negative emotions problems through case study.
20
ACTIVITIES
The student will be able to
UNIT 2 1.2.1 explain monitoring and Meaning of monitoring Discuss the meaning of controlling.
controlling. Is about collecting information on
MONITORING AND an activity‟s desired results or
CONTROLLING outcomes in order to answer
questions on whether the results
are being met or not.
Meaning of Controlling
Involves monitoring, comparing
and correcting work performance.
1.2.2 explain reasons for monitoring Reasons for monitoring Discuss the reasons for instituting State the effects of weak
and controlling. controlling monitoring and control measures in an control system in an
- Meet set standard organization. organization.
- Avoid personal limitations
- Avoid conflicting goals
- Avoid differences over
methods of performance
- Cope with change
1.2.3 explain the process of Steps in the control process Using examples assist students to discuss
monitoring and controlling. - Setting of standards the process of controlling.
- Measurement of actual
performance standards set
- Comparison of actual
performance against standard
- Taking corrective action if
any.
1.2.4 explain the characteristics of an Characteristics of effective control Assist students use the SMART acronym
effective control system. system to discuss the basic characteristics of an
- Flexibility effective control system.
- Accuracy
- Timeliness
- Simple to understand
- Measurable
- Relevant/Reliable
Assist students analyze the various tools
1.2.5 identify control tools Tools for control used in controlling activities in an
- Quality control organization.
- Performance appraisal
systems Assist students to apply the principles What are some of the
- Inventory control learnt in solving problems through case management problems that
- Break-even charts study. may arise if an organization
- Budget fails to control its activities?
- Financial ratios
21
TERM THREE
SECTION 2
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
1. appreciate the need for information and communication technologies (ICT) for business improvement.
2. recognize the importance of ICT in business.
3. acquire practical skills in using computers, softwares and other electronic devices.
4. develop the skills acquired in solving basic problems through case study.

ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1 : Assist students to:
INTEGRATING 2.1.1. explain the importance of ICT Importance of ICT in business Discuss the importance of ICT to today‟s
INFORMATION in today‟s business business
AND environment
COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGIES Ref. (page. 34 of
2.1.2 identify the various What forms ICT Assist students label
(ICT )INTO components of ICT Hardware: Shelly, Gary B; Cashman,Thomas J.; components of ICT (see ref.
BUSINESS - Computers (PCs, laptops, Gunter, Glenda A. Gunter, Randolph E. in TLA)
notebook, etc.) Gunter (2007) Integrating Technology and
- Server Digital Media in the Classroom published
- Printer Thomson Course Technology, Boston,
- Fax machines USA)
- Photocopiers
- Telephone, mobile phone,
smart phones,
- Satellite
- Mobile devices
- Digital camera, etc.
-
Softwares:
- Programmes designed to
perform specific tasks for
users
- Applications for undertaking
specific business tasks
22
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1(CONT’D) The student will be able to: Assist students to;
INTEGRATING 2.2.1 describe the functions of the Functions of the computer discuss the various functions of the Assist students to explore
INFORMATION computer and other - Receiving computer and mobile devices. how a small “conrner shop”
AND information technologies. - Storing Can use ICT to make
COMMUNICATION - Processing his/her business more
- Retrieving of data/information successful.
TECHNOLOGIES
- Transmit
(ICT )INTO - Sharing of resources, etc. Students should present a
BUSINESS report on the above.
2.2.2 describe specific Some applications in business discuss uses of the computer in the
applications in business. - Spreadsheets -accounting records business environment.
- Word Processing
- Graphics NOTE: Arrange for students to practice
- Data bases on computers in the school, resource
- Sound centre, or an office in the community.
- Video
- Communication, etc.
2.2.3 describe the advantages and Advantages discuss the advantages of the computer.
problems of ICTs in - Speed
business. - Reduced cost
- Efficient
- Effective
- High productivity
- Quality output
- Accuracy
- Time saving,
- etc.
Challenges discuss some of the challenges of

- Cost computers in business and the
- Hardware problems precautions to take in using computers in
- Security (cyber crime, “419”, virus, business.
spam, etc.).
- Unreliable electricity supply
- Ergonomics
2.2.4 describe the use of electronic Meaning of e-commerce apply the principles learnt in solving
commerce (e-commerce) in -this is business activities conducted problems through case study.
doing business using electronic transmission over the
Internet and the World Wide Web discuss the importance of e-commerce
23
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 3 The student will be able to: Assist student to:
INFORMATION 2.3.1. define „data‟ and „information‟. Meaning of data. discuss the meaning of information and Collect examination marks
SEARCH SKILLS - a collection of unorganized facts distinguish between data and information. of a class of about fifty
that include words, numbers, images students. Analyse in terms
and sound. of gender and performance.
Explain the issues that
Meaning of information. come out per your analysis.
- This is data that is organized, has
meaning, is useful, relevant, current
and is credible.
2.3.2 describe the importance of The need for, and uses of information discuss the importance and uses of
information. information.
2.3.3 identify the different types of Sources of business information discuss contents and uses of sources
reference books and other Dictionaries, Year Books, listed under content.
sources of business Encyclopaedia, Telephone
information. Directories, Almanacs, Internet discuss types of information one can get
(Search Engines), Post Office from the various sources.
Guides, etc.
2.3.4 select and use appropriate Selection of appropriate sources Select a number of business topics and Assign students tasks
books and other sources for ask students to indicate which references which will demand the use
different types of information. to consult for information on the selected of the sources listed under
topics. content to be submitted
within a set period of time.
Students to find more

sources of information and
the type of information they
contain.
Assist students to answer

the following on where to
obtain important documents
like- passports, driving
license, visa, health
insurance, population
census, voters ID, etc.
24
TERM ONE
SECTION 1
LEGAL ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS
1. Understand the legal framework in which businesses operate

2. understand the principles of contract and agency and how these affect business.
3. appreciate the importance of negotiable instruments in business transactions.
4. develop the skills acquired in solving basic problems through case study.

ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1 Assist student to:

The student will be able to:
THE LEGAL 1.1.1 explain the legal framework Meaning of Legal Framework List a few of the school rules and Write the sanctions that go
FRAMEWORK OF within which businesses operate. It is the set of guidelines, rules of regulations with each of the rules and
BUSINESS conduct and regulations within regulations that were listed.
which a business must operate and
are enforceable in the courts,
UNIT 2
LAW OF CONTRACT
1.2.1 explain contract and promise. Meaning of Contract discuss the meaning of contract. Teacher to develop a mini-
A legally binding agreement case to test students‟
between two or more parties. It Note: Invite a resource person, e.g. understanding of the
could be written, verbal or implied lawyer or an experienced general principles of
businessman/woman, to talk to the class contract.
Meaning of Promise on some legal aspects of business.
It is commitment by one party to
another to carry out or refrain from discuss differences between a contract
carrying a specified act or acts. A and a promise.
promise can be binding or not.
25
ACTIVITIES
LAW OF CONTRACT 1.2.2 distinguish between a contract Differences between a contract and discuss each of the elements of a
and a promise. a promise contract, pointing out their relevance and
A bare promise: is an agreement significance to business contracts.
which is not enforceable.
Contract: is an agreement which is
enforceable.
1.2.3 explain the elements and general Elements and general principles of
principles of contract. contract
- offer and acceptance,
- intention to contract,
- capacity,
- formalities,
- illegality, and
- consideration
- negotiation
1.2.4 classify contracts. Classification of contract discuss how contracts are classified.
- Simple,
- Specialty, and
- Contract of records.
1.2.5 explain ways by which a Void and voidable contracts discuss how an apparently valid contract Explain circumstances
contract may be vitiated or - Misrepresentation may be vitiated or weakened. under which a contract
weakened - Mistake could be void or voidable.
- Duress
- Undue influence,
- etc.
1.2.6 explain ways by which a Ways of discharging a contract discuss the ways by which a contract may Students investigate the
contract may be discharged - Performance be discharged. remedies for breach of
- Agreement contract.
- Frustration
- Breach
- Lapse of time
- Act of God or nature
Students answer questions
1.2.7 explain some terms relevant to Terms relevant to contract discuss the various legal terms listed in on the various terms using
contract - Unenforceable the content with students simple cases.
- Unilateral Students give samples of
- Bilateral agreement agency relationships in their
- Condition community.
- Warranty
26
ACTIVITIES
PRINCIPLES OF 1.2.1 describe how an agency is Creation of Agency discuss differences between a principal Teacher develops a case
AGENCY formed and how it functions - Agreement and an agent, and how agency is formed. study to test the rights and
- Necessity duties of an agent and a
- Ratification principal.
- Appointment,
- etc.
1.2.2 outline the duties of an agent Principal and agent relationship discuss the duties expected of an agent to
and a principal Duties of an agent his principal and vice versa.
Duties of a principal
1.2.3 describe the rights of a Rights of principal and agent discuss ways by which agents may be
principal and an agent - Indemnity compensated for their services.
- Remuneration
- Lien
- Dismissal etc.
1.2.4 state how an agency may be Termination of agency discuss ways by which an agency may be
terminated By agreement, renunciation, terminated
revocation, performance, etc.
27
ACTIVITIES
NEGOTIABLE 1.3.1 explain negotiable instrument. Meaning of negotiable instrument Through discussions, guide students to
INSTRUMENTS A written document which come out with the meaning of negotiable
represents money and gives any instruments.
holder who has come by it honestly
the right to enforce any payment
due.
1.3.2 explain the characteristics of Characteristics of a negotiable Show samples of cheque, and let them Teacher to collect samples
negotiable instruments. instrument note its features. of cheques and assist
- It must be freely transferable, students to fill them.
like cash, by delivery.
- It must be capable of being
sealed upon by the person
holding it for the time being.
1.3.3 state and describe the types of Types of negotiable instruments identify the types of negotiable Obtain samples of cheques
negotiable instruments. - Cheques instruments in business transactions. and fill in class.
- Bills of exchange
- Promissory notes
1.3.4 describe the classification and Classification of cheques discuss classification and types of
types of cheques. - Open and cheques and how they are used. Stress
- Crossed on consequence of issuing dud cheques.
eg. payment of a fine.
Types
- Bearer
- Order
- Certified
- Travelers
- Stale etc.
1.3.5 state the advantages and Advantages and disadvantages of Students to discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of cheques. cheques. disadvantages of cheques.
1.3.6 describe ways by which Ways of avoiding cheque fraud Guide students to outline the importance
cheque fraud may be - Pay by crossed cheques of crossed cheques.
prevented. - Keep unused cheques under
lock
- Stop missing cheques
- Keep track of all cheques
issued
28
TERM TWO
SECTION 1
FINANCIAL AND NON-BANK FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
1. understand the role of financial and non-bank financial institutions in business

2. be aware of the relationship between money, banking, inflation and deflation.
3. recognize the role of the stock exchange and insurance in business.
4. develop skills in solving basic business problems through case study.

ACTIVITIES
FINANCIAL AND 1.1.1. explain non-bank financial Financial Institution describe the role of financial and non-
NON-BANK institutions An institution which provides bank financial institutions in the country
FINANCIAL financial services like banking,
INSTITUTIONS other forms of savings, insurance,
investments or pension funds, to its
clients and members.
1.1.2 describe roles of financial and Role of non-bank financial

non-bank financial institutions institutions
- mobilize and make available
financial resources study two types of
- act as financial intermediary microfinance institutions in
- etc. Ghana and discuss their
1.1.3 describe types of financial and usefulness to small and
non-bank financial institutions Types of non-bank financial distinguish between financial and non- medium businesses.
institutions bank financial institutions.
- banks
- building societies
- credit unions
- insurance companies
- Pension funds
- unit trust companies
29
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1 The student will be able to: Types of non-bank financial Assist students to;
(CONT’D) institutions
A government or private Explain the role of microfinance
FINANCIAL AND organization (e.g. building society, institutions in Ghana as “institutions
NON-NON-BANK insurance company, investment dedicated to assisting small enterprises,
FINANCIAL trust, or mutual fund or unit trust) the poor, and households who have no
INSTITUTIONS that serves as an intermediary access to the more institutionalized
between savers and borrowers. financial system in mobilizing savings, and
These institutions fund their obtaining access to financial services”.
lending activities either by selling
securities (bonds, notes,
stock/shares) or insurance policies
to the public.
30
ACTIVITIES
MONEY AND 1.2.1 state the meaning and Meaning of of money Brainstorm to come out with the definition Before the lesson, students
BANKING characteristics of money. Any commodity which is generally of money. should enquire from
accepted as a means of payment parents and other adults,
and settlement of debts forms of monies used in the
past for discussion in class.
Characteristics of money Through role play, assist students to Write five uses of money in
- portability identify the characteristics of money. a modern economy.
- divisibility
- acceptability
- durability
- stability of value
- recognisibility
- homogeneity
1.2.2 explain the functions of money. Functions of money Brainstorm to bring out the functions of
- Medium of exchange money.
- Store of value
- Unit of account
- Standard of deferred payment State four causes of
inflation in Ghana.
1.2.3 explain inflation. Meaning of inflation Use changes in prices of some
A consistent and persistent rise in commodities over a period of time to
general price levels. assist students to define inflation
1.2.4 identify the primary causes of Primary causes of inflation Brainstorm on possible causes of inflation
inflation. - Deficit financing in Ghana.
- Low productivity Differentiate between primary and
- High prices of imports secondary causes of inflation.
e.g. Primary cause – low productivity
Secondary causes – low level of
technology, lack of finance, poor weather.
1.2.5 describe types of banks. Types of banks Explain the various types of banks in
- Central bank Ghana. e.g. Commercial banks are
- Universal banks (banks) limited liability companies that accept
- Rural banks deposits from and grant loans to
customers.
31
ACTIVITIES
MONEY AND
BANKING 1.2.8 describe the functions of Functions of various types of banks brainstorm to come out with the functions
various types of banks. (see note under 1.1.2) of commercial banks and other types of
banks, except Central Bank.
3.1.1
1.2.9 describe the types of Types of accounts describe the types of accounts operated Visit a local bank and write
accounts operated in banks. Savings, current, fixed deposit and by the banks and the information needed essay on the services
call accounts from clients before opening the account. provided by the bank to its
Describe the processes followed to open customers.
1.2.10 identify various banking Banking documents the various accounts.
documents and their uses. - Paying-in-slips
- Withdrawal forms
- Cheques, etc.
Show copies of banking documents and
1.2.11 state the main functions of the Functions of the Central Bank guide students to discuss their uses. Write four functions of the
central bank - Issuing and redemption of Central Bank.
currency
- Banker to the government
- Banker to the other banks discuss the functions of the Central Bank.
- Lender of last resort
- Control of money supply
1.2.12 explain how the Central Bank Tools of monetary control brainstorm to bring out the means by
controls money in circulation - Open market operation which the Central Bank is able to control
- Bank rate money in circulation.
- Cash ratio Guide students to discuss the monetary
- Moral suasion control tools of the central bank.
32
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 3 The student will be able to: Assist students to;
RISK MANAGEMENT 1.3.1 define risk management. Meaning of risk management Define risk management State and explain five types
AND INSURANCE Involves action taken by of business risks.
management of a business to avoid
or minimize losses arising out of
unforeseen events.
1.3.2 identify and explain business Types of Business Risks Identify various types of business risks.
risks - political risks
- act of God/nature (force
majeure)
- technology
- environment
- personnel, etc.
1.3.3 identify the tasks involved in Meaning of business risk Discuss the tasks involved in risk Identify a business in your
risk management. This is the possibility that a firm‟s management. locality and give an
performance will be lower than assessment of its risks.
expected because of its exposure
to specific conditions.
Tasks in risk management

- Risk policy
- Identify exposure to risk
- Risk assessment
- Risk review
- Risk Planning
- Risk monitoring and control
- Reflections and communication
(lessons learned and process
improvement)
1.3.4. explain insurance. Meaning of insurance Through role play guide students to define
an arrangement by which a insurance.
company gives customers financial
protection against loss or harm
such as natural disasters, theft or
illness in return for payment of
premium
It entails pooling of risks
33
ACTIVITIES
RISK MANAGEMENT
AND INSURANCE 1.3.5 outline the principles of Principles of insurance Use case study to guide students to
insurance. - Insurable interest identify the principles of insurance and
- Proximately cause show their relevance in business
- Utmost good faith
- Indemnity Note: Students to visit an insurance
- Contribution and subrogation company or invite a resource person from
an insurance company to throw more light
on the operations of insurance
companies.
1.3.6 give reasons why insurance is Importance of insurance Guide students to discuss the importance Give five reasons why
important to business. - Compensates business for of insurance in business. every business should
losses underwrite insurance
- Protects organizational assets Assist students to:
- Enables entrepreneurs to invest
in risky ventures,
- etc.
show how the various types of insurance
1.3.7 differentiate between the Types of Insurance differ from each other.
various types of insurance. Life, Fire, Accident, Marine and
Aviation
discuss the types of insurance policies a
1.3.8 describe types of insurance Insurance policies business firm should take to protect its Students to state with
policies that are necessary for - Property, Motor Vehicle interests. reasons, the types of
a business firm. - Consequential Loss insurance policies a
- Burglary Note: discuss types of insurance a business should underwrite.
- Fidelity Guarantee businessman/woman can take for
- Employers‟ Liability him/herself. e.g. life assurance, health
- Goods-in-transit insurance, personal accident insurance
- etc. and disability insurance
34
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 4 Assist students to: Students to present report
1.4.1 explain stock exchange. Meaning of stock exchange on the field trip in class.
STOCK EXCHANGE Is a capital market where
secondary securities are bought Discuss the meaning of stock exchange
and sold.
Invite a resource person to brief on the
history and operations of stock exchange
in Ghana. Students analyze the
1.4.2 explain the functions of the Functions of the stock exchange importance of the stock
stock exchange. - Provides market for raising Discuss the functions of the stock exchange in industrial
long-term capital exchange. expansion.
- Provides quotation for share
prices Organize a field trip for students to the
- Protects the interest of investors stock exchange to witness a live session.
- Regulates the activities of listed
companies and brokerage firms. identify and explain types of securities
traded on the stock exchange market.
1.4.3 describe the types of securities Types of securities

traded on the stock exchange. - Shares Guide students to discuss trading
- Bonds activities on the stock exchange and the
- Stocks specialists involved.
1.4.3 describe the procedure of Trading procedures on the stock

transactions on the stock exchange floor.
exchange
35
TERM THREE
SECTION 1
ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN THE ECONOMY
1. Appreciate the role of government in the economy

2. recognize the sources of government revenue.
3. appreciate the need for the payment of taxes.
4. be aware of how government spends revenue generated.
5. develop skills in using the principles learnt in solving basic problems through case study (scenario).

ACTIVITIES
GOVERNMENT 1.1.1 explain the role of government Role of government discuss the responsibilities of government Look for news reports on
REVENUE in an economy Provision of; in a modern society. recent government
- health facilities initiatives to support private
- education sector businesses for class
- finance and economic planning discussion (newspapers,
- defense (law and order) journals, radio, TV, internet,
- social welfare services, etc.)
- foreign relations and diplomacy Students groups present
reports for class discussion.
1.1.2 describe the sources of Sources of revenue identify and discuss sources of
government revenue. Taxes (direct and indirect), government revenue.
borrowing, royalties, levies,
donations, aids ,grants, debt
cancellation, etc.
1.1.3 describe types of government Types of government revenue discuss types of government revenue.
revenue. Capital and recurrent ,
Receipts (definitions and
examples)
36
ACTIVITIES
GOVERNMENT 1.1.4 describe types of government Direct and Indirect taxes discuss direct and indirect taxes.
REVENUE taxes. (Including VAT) e.g. income,
property, NHIS levies, customs Organize a visit to the District Assembly or
duties, excise duties, corporate tax, a local Internal Revenue Office, to find out
etc. more about sources of government
revenue and expenditure.
1.1.5 explain purpose of taxation. Purpose of taxation using newspaper reports, guide students
- to raise revenue for to state the purposes of taxation.
government
- to redistribute national income
- etc.
1.1.6 identify the challenges of tax Challenges of tax collection Identify and discuss the challenges in tax Students write an essay on
collection. - tax evasion collection. the importance of taxes and
- tax avoidance national development.
- identification of tax payers
- lack of records
1.1.7 describe types of government Types of government expenditure Identify and discuss types of government
expenditure. - Capital e.g. roads expenditure.
- Recurrent expenditure .e.g.
wages and salaries
1.1.8 explain how government Items of government expenditure Using recent statistics, guide students to
spends revenue. - defense identify how government expenditure is
- administration classified.
- social services
- economic infrastructure
- external relations and
diplomacy,
- etc.
37
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL – YEAR 2
SECTION 2
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND CHALLENGES OF DEVELOPING ECONOMIES
1. appreciate the role of multinationals in an economy

2. recognize the importance of trade.
3. identify challenges facing developing economies in International trade.
4. develop skill in using principles learnt in solving basic problems through case study.

ACTIVITIES

INTERNATIONAL
BUSINESS AND 2.1.1 explain international business Meaning and importance of discuss international business and its role Conduct search on two
MULTINATIONAL and state its importance international business on the economy of Ghana companies that can be
CORPORATIONS - It is the economic system for described as doing
exchanging goods and services international business.
between individuals and
businesses in multiple countries.
- It can be private or
governmental.
Importance of international
business
- Source of income/revenue for
countries
- Widens the scope of goods and
services available in a country
- Etc.
2.1.2 describe a multinational Meaning of multinational discuss some multinationals operating in

corporation corporation Ghana
Is a business entity that operates in
more than one country
38
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1(CONT’D) 2.1.3 describe the role of multinational Role of multinational corporations
corporations - Create jobs
INTERNATIONAL - Contribute tax revenue List and analyze the
BUSINESS AND - Provide training and education operations of five
MULTINATIONAL for staff multinationals in Ghana
CORPORATIONS - Develop the capacity of a
country‟s labour force through
training and education
- Bring in economy of scale
2.2.1 explain trade Meaning of trade

Exchange of goods and services discuss meaning of trade
between buyers and sellers,
2.2.2 differentiate between domestic Meaning of domestic trade

and international trade Exchange of goods and services
within a country.
Meaning of international trade differentiate between domestic and

Exchange of goods and services international trade Write short essay on the
across borders importance of international
trade.
2.2.3 Describe documents used in Documents used in trading
trading - Letter of enquiry
- Quotation
- Order
- Invoice
- Debit note
- Receipt discuss the types of documents used in
- Debit and credit notes both domestic and international trade.
(Obtain some of these documents and
Documents used in international show them in class.)
trading
- Bill of lading Note: stress that the documents used in
- Consular invoice domestic trade are also used in
- Certificate of origin international trade.
- Certificate of insurance
- Shipping note
- Etc.
39
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2 The student will be able to: Importance of international trade Assist students to:
2.2.1 explain importance of - Differences in resource brainstorm to come out with reasons in
INTERNATIONAL international business endowment support of international trade
TRADE - Economies of scale
- Access to goods and services
not produced in the home
country
- International relationships
2.2.2 outline the bases of international Bases of international trade

trade - Absolute cost advantage explain absolute cost advantage,
- Comparative cost advantage comparative cost advantage and
- Competitive advantage competitive advantage using various
examples
2.2.3 interpret terms used in trading Terms of trade
- CIF; FOB; Ex-Works; Franco discuss the meaning of the terms under
- Loco content
- Etc.
2.2.4 differentiate between balance of Balance of trade

trade and balance of payment. This is the record of a country‟s discuss the difference between balance of
exports and imports of trade and balance of payment
merchandise or visible or tangible
items like cocoa, timber, cars, etc.
Balance of payment
It is an accounting record showing
the sum total of a country‟s visible
and invisible exports to that of her
total visible and invisible imports
2.2.5 analyze the various restrictions Restrictions in international trade discuss restrictions in international trade Organize a debate on why
in international trade and the e.g. and give reasons for each restriction. there should be no
reasons for each restriction. - tariffs restrictions to international
- quotas trade
- embargoes
- etc.
Discuss measures of correcting adverse
2.2.6 describe the measures a Measures to correct balance of balance of payment
country may take to correct an payment
adverse balance of payment - Import restrictions (quota,
tariffs, embargo, etc.)
- Mass production
- Export promotion
- Self reliance, etc.
40
ACTIVITIES

Characteristics of a developing
UNIT 3 2.3.1 describe the characteristics of a country
developing economy in relation - low per capita income Assist students to:
MANAGING to international trade. - economy based essentially on
DEVELOPING natural resources identify and discuss the characteristics of
ECONOMIES - low reserves a developing economy
- import dependency
- rapid increase in population
growth
- high unemployment rate
- absence of essential skilled
labour
- high incidence of poverty, HIV
AIDS, Malaria,
- etc.
2.3.2 analyze the effects of the Effects of the characteristics of a discuss how the characteristics of a
characteristics of a developing developing economy on Ghana e.g. developing economy apply in the case of
economy on that of Ghana - underdevelopment Ghana.
- unplanned urbanization
- high incidence of diseases,
- etc. Review newspapers and
write a report on the role of
the World Trade
2.3.3 explain the role of some Role of Institutions discuss the role of IMF, World Bank, IFC, Organization (WTO) and
institutions in international trade - Assist developing economies and UNCTAD in international trade and the International Finance
and development. with loans and grants development. Corporation (IFC) in
- Provide technical advice to - International Monetary Fund (IMF) international trade.
governments - International Bank for Reconciliation
- Assist countries with their and Development/World Bank
development agenda - United Nations Conference on Trade
E.G. West Africa Monetary and Development (UNCTAD)
Zone, World trade Organization, International Finance Corporation
AGOA, EU (IFC)
41
ACTIVITIES
Assist students to:

UNIT 3 The student will be able to:
(CONT’D) Discuss ways of improving upon the
Suggestions economy of Ghana. Essay
MANAGING 2.3.4 suggest ways by which Ghana - Reducing dependence on Suggest 5 critical areas to
DEVELOPING can improve its economy import. consider (with reasons) in
ECONOMIES - Enhancing women‟s any plan to improve
participation in economic Ghana‟s participation in
development by their international trade.
empowerment.
- Good governance
- Privatization
- Self reliance
- Intensifying agricultural
production,
- etc.
42
TERM ONE
SECTION 1
GLOBALIZATION AND ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
1. appreciate the effects of globalization on business operations.

2. recognize the importance of economic integration.
3. understand the roles of various economic groupings.
4. develop skills in using the principles learnt in solving basic problems through case study.

ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1 The student will be able to:
GLOBALIZATION 1.1.1 explain globalization. Meaning of globalization Assist students to discuss the causes of
Involves the growing globalization.
interdependence among countries
as reflected by increasing cross-
border flow of goods,
services, capital and know-how.
1.1.2 explain the causes of Causes of globalization Using newspaper reports and the internet, Students write an essay on
globalization. - Trade liberalization guide students to discuss the causes of globalization.
- Rapid technological globalization.
advancement in transport and
ICT
- Increasing importance of multi-
nationals (e.g. mobile phone
service providers)
- New markets
- Cheap raw materials
- Cheap labour, etc.
- Decrease in environmental
- Breaking down of artificial
barriers (as a result of
- technological advances in
transport and ICT)
- The need for new markets
- Cheap raw materials
43
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1 (CONT’D) The student will be able to; Assist students to;
GLOBALIZATION 1.1.3 outline the advantages and Advantages of globalization Guide students to discuss the advantages Students visit the Internet
disadvantages of globalization. - Lowering of trade barriers and disadvantages of globalization. café and search for
- Lowering of investment barriers information on the
- Greater efficiency advantages and
- Lower prices of goods and disadvantages of
services globalization for discussion
in class.
Disadvantages of globalization
- Falling trade barriers often
destroy jobs.
- Requires huge capital
- Increase in competition
- High unemployment
- Adverse cultural integration,
Brain drain to richer and more
prosperous nations
- Collapse of local industries,
- etc.
44
ACTIVITIES
ECONOMIC 1.2.1 explain economic integration. Explanation of economic discuss the meaning of economic Students write an essay on
INTEGRATION integration integration. the role of ECOWAS.
The coming together of countries
with common developmental
agenda, especially to promote
trade by ensuring the free
movement of goods, persons and
services.
1.2.2 describe the operations of the Roles of Economic Unions e.g.: Invite resource persons to talk to students
Economic Unions. [Economic Community of West on economic integration and the roles of
African States (ECOWAS); Economic Communities and Common
African Union, (AU) Markets.
- European Union, (EU)
- African European Pacific
Countries(AEPC)]
- Association of South and
Eastern Asian Nations (ASEAN)
- etc.
The roles of the unions are to:

- Assist developing economies
with loans and grants
- Provide technical advice to
governments
- Assist countries with their
development agenda
45
TERM ONE
SECTION 2
FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF MANAGEMENT I
1. acquire knowledge of the principles of human resource management, labour and industrial relations.
2. be aware of production and operations management systems.
3. develop skill in using principles learnt for solving basic problems through case study.(scenario).

ACTIVITIES
ELEMENTS OF 1.1.1 explain human resource Meaning of human resource discuss the meaning of human resource Interview a human resource
HUMAN RESOURCE management. management and human resource management. manager on his/her roles
MANAGEMENT All the activities in which managers and present a report in
engage to attract and retain class.
employees and to ensure that they
perform at a high level and
contribute to the accomplishment of
organizational goals.
1.1.2 describe the functions of Functions of human resource discuss the functions of the human
human resource management. management resource department headed by the
- human resource planning human resource manager
- recruitment and selection
- orientation and placement Note: Invite a resource person to talk to
- training and development students on the functions of human
- performance management resource management
- compensation and benefit
- career development
46
ACTIVITIES
ELEMENTS OF 1.1.3 describe the steps involved in Steps in the recruitment process discuss the sequence of steps to follow Students distinguish
HUMAN RESOURCE recruitment of staff. - Identify manpower needs or in recruiting new staff. Explain each of between internal sources
MANAGEMENT vacant positions the steps listed in the content. and external sources of
- Advertise the vacancies recruitment.
- Screen applications
- Prepare short-list
- Interview candidates
- Check references
- Select candidates from results of
interview, references
- Medical examination
- Appointment
- Placement
1.1.4 identify sources of Sources of recruitment Using various sources including

recruitment. - Employee referral newspapers, guide students to identify
- Employment agencies/centres various sources of recruitment.
- Colleges/universities
- Company websites
- Internet
- Newspaper/TV adverts
1.1.5 describe types of training. Types of training discuss the various types of training used Students in groups to
- On-the-job (in-service) in business. review newspaper adverts
- Coaching on vacant positions in
- Mentorship organizations to identify job
- Induction descriptions and job
- Apprenticeship specifications.
- Off-the-job
- Sponsored courses
- Management development
1.1.6 describe the activities Job analysis Assist students to go through the actions Organize a debate in class
involved in job analysis. - Job description involved in the preparation of job on the topic” Should
- Job specification analysis. workers be appraised at the
1.1.7 outline the importance of work place?”
performance appraisal. Importance of performance appraisal Note: Stress on personal qualities of
- Helps to identify strengths and would-be employees for efficient
weaknesses of employees performance.
- Used to identify training needs
- Helps to plan for management Students to brainstorm on the
succession importance of performance appraisal at
Serves as basis for promotion. the work place.
47
ACTIVITIES
LABOUR AND 1.2.1 explain labour and industrial Meaning of labour relations define labour relations - that they are “Trade Unions are a waste
INDUSTRIAL relations Consists of the steps that organizations that represent workers and of national resources”. Do
RELATIONS managers take to develop and seek to protect their interests through you agree or disagree with
maintain good working collective bargaining. this statement? Give
relationships with the labour unions reasons for your answer.
that may represent their Students to submit their
employees‟ interests. work in class for discussion.
Meaning of Industrial Relations

The relationship between workers
and managers or management of a
company or industry.
1.2.2 explain trade unions , Meaning of trade unions invite a resource person, preferably, the
employers association and Trade Unions: leader of the local labour union to talk to
describe their functions Associations of workers which aim students about the functions of trade
at safeguarding the general unions.
interests of their members.
Note: Check on the website of Ghana
Functions of trade unions Trades Union Congress (TUC) and the
- Negotiate for Improved rates of Ghana Employers Association for their
pay functions.
- Negotiate for good conditions of
service discuss the functions of TUC and the Students review causes of
- Settling industrial disputes Ghana Employers Association. strike actions by employees
and submit a report for
Meaning and Functions of class discussion.
Employers Associations
An association of at least two
employers which have in between
them at least 15emplyers each.
They aim at safeguarding their
interests and collectively negotiate
with trade unions.
- Protect the interest of industry
- Advice government on labour
issues
- Assist universities and training
institutions in identifying new
areas for manpower
development
48
ACTIVITIES

(CONT’D)
1.2.3 explain collective bargaining Collective bargaining agreement discuss the importance and meaning of Students review news
LABOUR AND and its importance. roles collective bargaining in an organization. paper reports/media
INDUSTRIAL - Wages and salary reports on violation of
RELATIONS determination rights of employees and
- Hours of work prepare a report for class
- Job rights and security, etc. discussion
1.2.4 describe the rights of both Rights in Industrial conflicts

management and trade unions in Rights of trade unions e.g. strike,
industrial conflicts. boycotts, picketing, employment
of new labour, lock-out, contract
production, and using the
services of employees not on
strike, etc
Students in groups, to
1.2.5 explain the role that government Read the relevant Act 651 (Labour Law, analyze the effect of the
plays in labour relations Role of government in labour 2003) and discuss the rights of both absence of one of the
disputes trade unions and management in factors of production on
e.g. laws, tripartite committees, dealing with industrial conflicts/labour business operation.
labour commission, disputes.
1.2.6 describe factors needed to maintain Students to brainstorm to come out with
an efficient labour force in business. Factors affecting efficiency of factors that contribute to efficiency of
labour labour.
- Training,
- Use of modern technology,
- Good working conditions
UNIT 3
FUNDAMENTALS OF 1.3.1 explain production and operations Meaning of production/operations discuss the meaning of production and
PRODUCTION/ Transformation of raw materials, operations.
OPERATIONS activities and other inputs into
MANAGEMENT goods and services.
1.3.2 explain production/operations Meaning of production/operations discuss the meaning of

management management production/operation management.
Organization and control of the
production process
49
ACTIVITIES

(CONT’D)
1.3.3 explain the importance of Importance of brainstorm to come out with the
FUNDAMENTALS OF Production/operations management production/operations importance of production/operations
PRODUCTION/ management management.
OPERATIONS - Save cost
MANAGEMENT - Avoid plant shutdowns
- Ensure regular supplies to
customers
- Ensure replacement of worn-
out parts, etc.
1.3.4 identify the main forms of Forms of production/operations discuss the various forms of production
production - extractive and show how these are grouped into
- constructive industry primary, secondary and tertiary
- manufacturing occupations.
- commercial
- services (Ref. Appendix 2: diagram of forms of
production)
1.3.5 mention the five factors of Factors of production: discuss the meaning and analyze the
production Capital, land, labour, role and importance of factors of
entrepreneur and knowledge production.
1.3.6 explain the meaning and role of the
five business resources Capital – money, machinery and identify and discuss the five major State and explain the
other assets. resources for business. factors of production.
Natural Resources – land, water,

minerals and other raw materials.
Labour - skilled and unskilled

human power/labour
Entrepreneurship – the person

who organizes capital, land and
labour for business production
Knowledge – organized body of

information that forms the basis explain organizations‟ need to share and
of insights or judgment. manage knowledge as a valuable
resource in order to survive.
50
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 3 The student will be able to: Specialization and exchange. Assist students to:
(CONT’D) Specialization is the method of
doing work for a singular, narrow,
FUNDAMENTALS OF 1.3.7 explain specialization and or limited scope of products, discuss the relationship between
PRODUCTION/ exchange. services, markets, or objectives specialization and exchange in the
OPERATIONS production of goods and services
MANAGEMENT Advantages and disadvantages
of specialization.
1.3.8 identify the advantages and the advantages and disadvantages of

disadvantages of specialization. Types of production specialization.
- Job,
- Batch,
1.3.9 explain the types of production - Flow. discuss the various types of production
processes. processes.
Steps in production planning and

control
- Loading
1.3.10 describe the steps in production - Routing discuss details of production planning
planning and control. - Scheduling tools.
- Dispatching
i) Inventory control – purpose Students to find out the

ii) Quality Control role played by
- Purpose a) Ghana Standards
1.3.11 analyze the importance of - Steps discuss the importance of quality and Board
production control. inventory controls. b) Food and Drugs Board
c) Internal Quality Control
51
TERM TWO
SECTION 1
FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF MANAGEMENT II
1. appreciate the importance of marketing in business.

2. recognize the various sources of funding for a business.
3. develop skills in using principles learnt in solving problems through case study.

ACTIVITIES
PRINCIPLES OF 1.1.1 explain marketing. Meaning of marketing explain the meaning of marketing. “Marketing is not relevant in
MARKETING Process of planning and executing the business world”.
the conception, pricing, promotion Discuss in class.
and distribution of ideas, goods and
services to create exchanges that
satisfy individual and organizational
objectives.
1.1.2 identify some marketing Marketing activities Use a case study (scenario) to guide Students state the steps
activities. - Research (identify consumer students to know the activities involved in they would take to market a
needs) marketing. new product or make it
- new product development) available to the general
- publicity public to satisfy their needs.
- Selling Discuss these steps in
- Transporting class.
- Storing
- Financing, etc.
1.1.3 explain market segmentation. Meaning of market segmentation Discuss factors of market segmentation.
The process of sub-dividing a
heterogeneous market into distinct
subsets of homogenous customers
that behave in the same way or
have similar needs.
52
ACTIVITIES
PRINCIPLES OF 1.1.4 explain market segmentation. Bases of market segmentation explain the bases of market segmentation.
MARKETING - Demographic
- Geographic
- Psychographic,
- Media graphics, etc.
1.1.5 explain the Marketing mix discuss details of the components of the
marketing mix. Product, price, promotion and place marketing mix
And how they are blended in the (the 4Ps)
firm‟s marketing strategy to achieve Note: Exhaustive treatment of the 4ps is
optimum results. required.
1.1.6 explain the steps in new Steps in new product development explain the steps in new product Use case study to test
product development. - Idea generation development. students‟ understanding of
- Concept testing the steps in new product
- Business analysis development.
- Product screening
- Product development
- Test marketing (prototyping)
- Commercialization
1.1.7 describe the stages in product Stages in product life cycle draw the product life cycle and explain
life cycle. - Introduction each stage.
- Growth
- Maturity
- Decline
- Extinction
1.1.8 explain the functions of Functions of packaging Note: Explain strategies used when a Students in groups,
packaging. - Protection product/service reaches the decline stage identify some brands of
- Re-usage discuss the functions of packaging. washing soap and discuss
- Communication the functions of
- New product planning packaging and submit a
- Product differentiation, etc. report to the class
53
ACTIVITIES
PRINCIPLES OF 1.1.9 explain the use of branding in Uses of branding brainstorm and come out with the uses Interview local
MARKETING business - Product identification and and importance of branding. manufacturers and retailers
differentiation about how they determine
- Building customer loyalty prices for their goods and
- Fixing prices (price services. Students write
differentiation) reports for class discussion.
- New product planning
- etc.
1.1.10 explain price. Meaning of Price brainstorm to bring out the meaning of Interview two telephone
The value of a good or service price. service providers on their
pricing objectives and
1.1.11 explain factors affecting pricing Factors affecting pricing decisions discuss the factors that influence pricing present findings in class.
decisions. - Customer demand decisions
- Ability to pay
- Cost discuss the pricing objectives in business.
- Government policy
- Competition, etc
1.1.12 explain pricing objectives. Pricing objectives

- Sales-based
- Profit-based
- Status-quo-based
Meaning of promotion write up an advert for a chosen product. Discuss the advert in class
Any communication used to inform,
persuade and or remind people
about an organization‟s products or
services.
1.1.13 explain promotion and its Meaning and Importance of brainstorm and come out with the
importance. promotion importance of promotion in business .
- Establishes an image for a
business/product/service
- Creates awareness for a new
product
- Direct people to point of
purchase
- Answers consumer queries,
etc.
54
ACTIVITIES
PRINCIPLES OF 1.1.14 explain types of promotion. Types of promotion suggest various ways of selling and sales Write an essay on
MARKETING - Advertising promotion, advantages and
- Public relations discuss advantages and disadvantages of disadvantages of
- Personal selling each method of sales promotion. advertising.
- Sales promotion
1.1.15 explain channels of distribution Channels of distribution e.g. explain the various channels of Students in groups visit a
manufacturer wholesaler distribution local store to interview a
retailer consumer wholesaler or retailer on
his/her functions and make
1.1.16 explain factors Factors affecting choice of channel outline factors that a producer must a presentation in class for
in s electing a channel of - Perishability of product consider in deciding which channel(s) to discussion
distribution - Number of users select for distributing his or her product(s)
- Distance between producer Visit the Internet and
and consumer , etc. conduct some online
shopping . Write a report
1.1.16 explain the functions of Functions of wholesalers and list the functions of wholesalers and and present it in class
wholesalers and retailers. retailers retailers in the distribution of goods and
- Takes title to the products services.
they sell
- Break bulk
- Provide access to products
- Provide storage for goods
- Provide credit terms
- Etc.
UNIT 2
1.2.1 explain e-Commerce and its Meaning of Electronic Commerce discuss e-Commerce and its importance
ELECTRONIC importance to business (e-Commerce) to business
COMMERCE (e- Involves business activities
COMMERCE) conducted using electronic
transmission over the Internet and
the World Wide Web
Importance of e-Commerce
- Wider choices
- Identify needs of
clients/customers/suppliers
- Faster speed of transactions
- Instant access to information on
product/service
55
ACTIVITIES
BUSINESS FINANCE 1.2.1 explain business finance Meaning of business finance describe the sources and methods of Students write an essay to
business activity concerned with raising short-term capital and long-term show how they would get
the acquisition and utilization funds capital. financial assistance if they
in meeting financial and overall want to setup their own
business objectives. analyze the effects of borrowing short- business after school.
term capital for long-term projects.
This should be submitted
1.2.2 describe various sources of Short-term sources of finance Note: Teacher should emphasize the for discussion.
business finance. - Contributions sources of finance available to small
- Personal savings business.
- Remittances
- Advances from relations and
friends
- Bank loans and overdrafts
- Trade credits
- Operating lease
- Hire purchase
- Micro finance institutions
- NGO financing
Long-term sources of finance

- Debentures
- Shares
- Leases
- Hire purchase
- Bank loan
- Mortgage and
- Retained earnings
1.2.3 describe government lending Government lending programmes discuss available Ghana government Students write an essay on
programmes. Special government loans e.g. programmes for lending to businesses, importance of venture
BUSAC Fund, NBSSI Credit showing the responsible ministries for the capital fund.
Scheme, Micro Finance and Small programme.
Loans Centre (MASLOC)
Invite a resource person, e.g. from the
BUSAC, to make presentation on
government support or credit schemes
1.2.3 describe venture capital Venture capital funding Invite resource persons to make a
funding Equity financing provided by presentation on venture capital funding.
venture capital firms to small
businesses. E.g. Ghana Venture
Capital Fund, etc.
56
TERM TWO
SECTION 2
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

1. recognize the role of entrepreneurs and small business in the economy of Ghana.
2. acquire skills in establishing and growing small business in Ghana.
3. develop skills in using the principles learnt in solving problems through case study.

ACTIVITIES
ENTREPRENEURSHIP 2.1.1 explain „entrepreneurship‟. Meaning of entrepreneurship discuss meaning of entrepreneurship. Students write whether they
Act of using personal initiative, are prepared to be
engaging in calculated risk-taking, Note: Stress that entrepreneurs are entrepreneurs. How will
to create new business ventures by popular for their innovation, seeking new they deal with rejection and
raising resources (land, labour, opportunities and job creation. failure?
capital and knowledge), applying
innovative and new ideas, to
develop products/services to solve
problems/challenges, or satisfy the
needs of a clearly defined market.
2.1.2 outline the characteristics of Characteristics of an entrepreneur discuss each of the characteristics of
an entrepreneur. - Seeking opportunities entrepreneurs.
- Taking risks and initiatives
- Hardworking
- Seeking information
- Being independent minded,
- Possessing high level self-
confidence,
- etc
Students should present
group report on the roles of
entrepreneurs in the
society.
57
ACTIVITIES
ENTREPRENEURSHIP 2.1.3 identify the roles of Roles of entrepreneurs in society Put students in groups to brainstorm on Entrepreneurs are not
entrepreneurs. - Invent and produce new the roles of the entrepreneur in the needed in our business
things society. world”. Discuss this in
- Combine ideas and other class.
resources to produce
- Take risks and initiatives
- Source of economic skill
development,
- Expand the economy
- etc.
2.1.4 explain reasons for business Reasons for business successes identify businesses that have been Identify a problem/need in
successes and failures. and failures successful and others that have failed. your area and describe
(Ref. Year One,1.1.7) Give reasons for each. what you would do to
satisfy that need.
Converting problems into
2.1.5 describe how entrepreneurs opportunities discuss the steps in converting problems Visit a number of
convert problems into - Opportunity seeking into opportunities. entrepreneurs in your
opportunities. - Goal setting locality and find out why
- Creativity and how they entered into
- Innovativeness, and their businesses.
- Risk taking Discuss findings in class.
Ways of entering business

2.1.6 identify ways of entering into - Setting up a new business discuss the listed ways of entering
business. - Buying an existing business business.
- Setting up as an agency of a big
company Note: An example of setting up as an
- Acquire a franchise agency of a big company is the case of
licensed cocoa buying agents.
2.1.7 prepare a business plan. Contents of business plan
- Name and address of business discuss the steps in the development of a Students prepare their own
- Analysis of industry business plan. business plans for class
- Description of business discussion.
- Production activities Note: Stress that a business plan is a
- Marketing activities document that indicates what one intends Why are small businesses
- Financial plan doing, when and how they intend doing it. very common in Ghana?
58
ACTIVITIES
Meaning of Record Keeping .
ENTREPRENEURSHIP 2.1.8 explain record keeping. Writing of the account of discuss the meaning of record keeping Students collect samples of
equipment/tools and business the records listed from
transactions to serve as evidence businesses in the locality
and for future direction. for exercises in class
2.1.9. outline the importance of record Importance of record keeping

keeping. - Shows how much has been discuss the importance of record s
received and spent keeping to the entrepreneur.
- Removes guesswork
- Shows if business is doing well
or not
- Helps entrepreneur monitor
cash flows
2.1.10 identify types of records Types of Records

needed by entrepreneurs and - Inventory discuss the types of records and their
business people - Stock requisition uses.
- Transactions (invoices, receipts)
- Tax (income, profit, property,
VAT, etc.)
- Accounting (profit and loss,
balance sheet, etc.)
- Cash/Credit sales (credit notes,
debit notes, etc.)
2.1.11 explain‟ time management‟ Meaning of time management

The act of using time, which is a discuss the meaning of time management
scarce resource, judiciously to
achieve the maximum within the
shortest time available.
2.1.12 outline the importance of time Importance of time management

management. - Reduces stress discuss the importance of time
- Helps to achieve targets management .
- Helps to meet deadlines
- Increases customer satisfaction. Students to keep copies of
the items 2.1.13 listed
2.1.13 apply the techniques of time Techniques of time management under content
management - Use time planners discuss the techniques listed under
- Use time logs content.
- Use diaries
- Delegate duties Role play items 4 – 6 in class.
- Set objectives
- Establish deadlines, etc.
59
ACTIVITIES
SMALL BUSINESS 2.2.1 explain small business. Meaning of small business discuss the meaning of small business. Students go out to interview
Organization that is independently Note: stress that small business has small business owners
owned, financed and operated. fewer than 100 employees. using prepared schedule.
(Ref. NBSSI definition) a small
business is an establishment that give examples of small businesses and Students differentiate
employs between 1 and 29 people. describe how they are formed. between entrepreneurial
ventures and small
businesses.
2.2.2 categorize small businesses Categories of small businesses
and describe how they are 1. Micro enterprise: any business
formed. that employs 1 to 5 people and
has assets up to $10,000.00,
excluding land and building.
2. Small enterprise is business
that employs 6 to 29 people
and have assets up to
$100,000.00 excluding land
and buildings.
3. Medium Enterprise: is business
that employs between 30 and
99 people.
4. Large scale is any business
that employs 100 people and
above.
Types and formation process of

small business
Registration procedures;
tax system, etc.
2.2.3 describe the importance of Importance of small business discuss the importance of small
small businesses in Ghana. - Source of income for the state businesses in the economy of Ghana.
- Centres for skills training
- Creates jobs in the informal
sector
- Incubators for large-scale
business development
60
ACTIVITIES
SMALL BUSINESS 2.2.4 identify and describe some of Personality factors in business role-play to bring out some of the
the personality factors needed Hard work, persistence, motivation, personality factors needed for business
for business success. team-work, monitoring and success.
evaluation, direction, creativity and
innovating, etc.
2.2.5 describe ways for sustaining Ways to sustain a successful discuss ways for sustaining the growth of Students write essay on
an established business. business an established business. how to sustain an
- Keeping of proper accounts established business.
- Evaluating performance
- Constant stock-taking Develop an interview
- Seeking further advice for schedule on small business
development management. Conduct
- Adopting current business interviews to find out
strategies/practices problems of small
- Creativity and innovation, etc. businesses in the locality
and submit report to class
2.2.6 describe challenges of small Challenges of small business identify and explain challenges of small for discussion.
businesses in Ghana. - Improper book keeping business through the use of case study.
- Lack of managerial skills,
- Lack of financing,
- etc.
2.2.7 explain the role of government State‟s effort in promoting business Discuss efforts made by the state to
in promoting small business. Role of National Board for Small- promote businesses in Ghana.
Scale Industries (NBSSI).
Note: Research online or invite resource
persons to talk on the role of NBSSI and
EMPRETEC in promoting small
businesses in Ghana.
61

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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

TEACHING SYLLABUS FOR BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

Enquiries and comments on this syllabus should be addressed to:

RATIONALE FOR TEACHING BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

This syllabus is designed to help students to:

ORGANIZATION OF THE SYLLABUS

ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE OF THE SYLLABUS

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 2 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 3

TERM ONE TERM ONE TERM ONE

TERM THREE TERM THREE TERM THREE

SECTION 1: FUNCTIONS OF SECTION 1: ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN

SECTION 2: MANAGEMENT AND SECTION 2: INTERNATIONAL Business AND

SUGGESTIONS FOR TEACHING THE SYLLABUS

DEFINITION OF PROFILE DIMENSIONS

Knowledge and Understanding 45%

Knowledge and Understanding (KU)

Knowledge The ability to:

Analysis The ability to:

Innovation/Creativity The ability to:

Evaluating The ability to:

Dimensions Paper 1 Paper 2 School Based Total marks % Weight of

Total marks 50 70 100 220 -

Grade A1: 80 - 100% - Excellent

General objectives: The student will:

1. appreciate the world of business

UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING EVALUATION

UNIT 1 The student will be able to: Assist students to:

UNIT 2 The student will be able to: Assist students to:

UNIT 3 The student will be able to: Assist students to:

UNIT 3 (CONT’D) The student will be able to:

General objectives: The student will:

UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING EVALUATION

Tactical – refers to medium term

Operational – short-term planning

General objectives: The student will:

1. appreciate the importance of decision-making in business.

UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING EVALUATION

UNIT1 The student will be able to: Assist students to:

DECISION-MAKING 1.1.4 differentiate between Differences differentiate between programmed and

1.1.7 apply the decision-making Application of decision-making

UNIT 2 The student will be able to: Assist students to:

UNIT 2 (CONT’D) The student will be able to:

UNIT 3 The student will be able to: Assist students to:

UNIT 3 (CONT’D) The student will be able to: Assist students to

FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT III

General objectives: The student will:

1. appreciate the importance of communication in business.

UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING EVALUATION

UNIT 1 The student will be able to: Assist students to:

Informal channel of communication discuss the role of informal

1.1.6 Identify methods of Methods/Media of communication

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

General objectives: The student will:

UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING EVALUATION

UNIT 1 : Assist students to:

Challenges discuss some of the challenges of

UNIT 3 The student will be able to: Assist student to:

Students to find more

Assist students to answer

LEGAL ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS

General objectives: The student will:

1. Understand the legal framework in which businesses operate