ABSTRACT

This thesis deal with design development and fabrication of "MULTI

PURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE"

This machine is designed for the purpose of MULTI OPERATIONs i.e.

DRILLING, CUTTING & SHAPING.

This machine perform multipurpose operation at same time with required speed & this

machine is automatic which i s controlled or operated by motor which is run with the help

of current.

This machine is based on the mechanism of whit worth’s return.

This model of the MULTI OPERATIONAL machine is may be used in industries and

domestic OPERATION which can perform mechanical operation like drilling, cutting

&shaping of a thin metallic as well as wooden model or body.

 LIST OF FIGURES

No Page No
Figure Name
1 Whitworth 's Mechanism

2 3D View of MPMM

3 Actual View of MPMM

4 Drilling Machine

5 Shaping Machine

6 Cutting Machine

LIST OF TABLES

Page No
No
Table Name
1 Specification of drill

2 Specification of hacksaw
3 Project Cost
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEM

ENT
ABSTRACT
LIST OF FIGURES

Chapter: 1 Project Definition

1.1 Problem Statement

1.2 Problem identification

Chapter: 2 Mechanism of MULTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE

2.1 Objective
2.2 Theory
2.3 Whitworth’s Mechanism

Chapter: 3 Design of Model

3.1 Components
3.2 Calculation
3.3 Advantage

Chapter: 4 Operation of Machine

4.1 Drilling
4.2 Shaping
4.3 Cutting
Chapter: 5 Project Cost

Chapter: 6 Future implementation

Chapter: 7 Conclusion

Chapter: 8 Reference

CHAPTER: 1 PROBLEM DEFINITION

 1.1 Problem Statement

To design and development of MULTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE, a

structured which is designed for the purpose of MULTI OPERATIONS i.e.

DRILLING, CUTTING & SHAPING.

1.2 Problem Identification

This machine perform multipurpose operation at same time with required speed & this

machine is automatic which is controlled or operated by motor which is run with the help

of current. This machine is based on the mechanism of whit worth’s return.

This model of the MULTI OPERATIONAL machine is may be used in industries and

domestic OPERATION which can perform mechanical operation like drilling, cutting &

shaping of a thin metallic as well as wooden model or body

CHAPTER: 2 MECHANISMS OF MACHINE

 WHITWORTH'S OUICK RETURN MECHANISM

2.1 OBJECTIVE

The objective of this experiment is to investigate the performance of a Whitworth quick

tum motion and to verify that the motion does have a quick return stroke and a slow cutting

or forward stroke.

2.2 THEORY

Definition of a mechanism

Mechanisms is a simplified model, usually m the form of a line diagram, which is used to

reproduce exactly the motion occurring in a machine. The purpose if this reproduction is to

enable the nature of the motion to be investigated without the encumbrance of the various

solid bodies which forms the machine elements.

2.3 WHITWORTH'S OUICK RETURN MECHANISM

Whitworth's mechanism
The above diagram shows the mechanism as used on the apparatus. Link I on the top

diagram is extended to point A, attach to point A is another link with pivot, The other end

of this link terminated in a slider. In a machine tool where this mechanism is used the

cutting tool is attached to this slider.

The link POA rotates about a O. The mechanism is driven by crank PC which rotates a

about C with constant velocity. The slider at P slides along POA as the crank is turnd. Its

path is shown by the dashed circle, centred on C and through P. Clearly when P is at PI the

slider S is at the outer extremity of its travel. When P is at P2 the slider S is at the inner

extremity of its travel.

Now as PC rotates with constant velocity the time taken to go from PI to P2 is less than

that taken to go from P2 to Pl. However, during both those time intervals the slider as

moving the same distance. Therefore, the speed of S is different during the different parts

of cycle. During the shorter time intervals PI to P2 the slider as has the greater speed and

during the interval P2 to PI it has slower speed. Thus, PI to P2 is quick return and P2 to Pl.

When applied to metal cutting machine the other advantage is variable power distribution

during the cycle. When S is on the return stroke the slider at P is nearer to O and simple

moments shows that the torque applied is low. Hence, the return stroke uses less power as

P=Tw. During the cutting stroke the slider at P is at greater radius from O and thus more

power is available to perform useful work in cutting metal.

THUS, THE OVERALL PERFORMANCE TO PROVIDE HIGH POWER FORWARD

CUTTING STROKE WITH A LOW POWER AND HIGHER SPEED QUICK RETURN

IN PREPARATION FOR THE NEXT CUT.

CHAPTER:3 DESIGN OF MODEL

1D VIEW
 ACTUAL MODEL

3.1 Component of machine

1) FRAME

2) BEVEL GEAR

3) WHITWORTH ME CHANNI

4) MOTOR

5) PULLEY

6) BEARING (BALL & SLIDING BEARING)

7) ROCKER ARM

8) HACKSAW BLADE
 9) TOOL POST

10) DRILLING CHUCK

11) DRILL TOOL

12) SINGLE CUTTING TOOL

13) TABLE

14) NUT & BOLT

15) OTHER COMPONETS

3.2 CALCULATION

1. Cutting/shaping Speed

Speed of motor (Nm): 2400 rpm

Diameter of pulley A: 25mm

Diameter of pulley B: 160mm

We have to find out Bull wheel speed (NS):

We know that,

Ns/Nm = Da/Db

=> Ns = (Da/Db)*Nm

=>Ns = (25/160)*2400 = 375 rpm

=>Bull Wheel speed (Ns)=375rpm

1 stroke of ram is completed in 1 revolution of crank wheel.

Velocity of sawing/Shaping Machine; velocity (V) ={L*N*(1+k)}/1000

Length of Ram stroke(L)=50mm

Number of Full stroke(N)=200stroke/min

Ratio of return time to cutting time(K)=1

Hence,

V = {L*N*(1+k)}/1000

V = {50*200*(1+1)}/1000

V=20m/min

Therefore, velocity or Ram (Cutting/shaping) is 20m/min.

2. Drilling Speed:

Speed of Pinion (Np): 375rpm

No. of teeth Pinion (Tp): 10

No. of teeth Gear (Tg): 18

We have to find out Speed of gear (Ng)

We know that,

=>Ng/Np = Tp/Eg

=>Ng = (Tp/Tg)*Np

=>Ng = (18/10)*375 = 208 rpm

Therefore, Drilling speed is 208rpm.

3.3ADVANTAGE

 Multi operations are performed at one time

 Our machine is used return stroke (whit worth) mechanism

 The return stroke of shaper machine is utilized as cutting operation

 All operation is performed by only one motor

 Sue is compact therefore it requires less space

 Time saving

 Less man power is required

Low manufacturing & maintenance cost

 CHAPTER: 4 OPERATIONS OF MACHINE

Operation performs by machine:-

1. DRILLING

2. SHAPING

3. CUTTING

4.1 DRILLING

 Drilling is the operation of producing circular hole in the work-piece by using a

rotating cutter called DRILL

 The machine used for drilling is called drilling machine.

 The drilling operation can also be accomplished in lathe, in which the drill is held

in tailstock and the work is held by the chuck.

 The most common drill used is the twist drill.

Drilling Machine

 It is the simplest and accurate machine used in production shop.

 The work piece is held stationary ie. Clamped in position and the drill rotates to

make a hole.

Components of drilling machine

1. Spindle

The spindle holds the drill or cutting tools and revolves in a fixed position in a sleeve.
 2. Sleeve

The sleeve or quill assembly does not revolve but may slide in its bearing in a direction

parallel to its axis. When the sleeve carrying the spindle with a cutting tool is lowered, the

cutting tool is fed into the work. and when it's moved upward, the cutting tool is withdrawn

from the work. Feed pressure applied to the sleeve by hand or power causes the revolving

drill to cut its way into the work a fraction of an mm per revolution.

3. Column

The column is cylindrical in shape and built rugged and solid. The column supports the

head and the sleeve or quill assembly.

4. Head

The head of the drilling machine is composed of the sleeve, a spindle, an electric motor

and feed mechanism. The head is bolted to the column.

5. Worktable

The worktable is supported on an arm mounted to the column. The worktable can be

adjusted vertically to accommodate different heights of work or it can be swung

completely out of the way. It may be tilted up to 90 degree in either direction, to allow long

pieces to be end or angle drilled.

6. Base

The base of the drilling machine supports the entire machine and when bolted to the floor,

provides for vibration-free operation and best matching accuracy. The top of the base is

similar to the worktable and may be equipped with t- slot for mounting work too larger for

the table.
 7.Hand Feed

The hand- feed drilling machines are the simplest and most common type of drilling

machines in use today. These are light duty machine that are operated by the operator,

using a feed handled, so that the operator is able to "feel" the action of the cutting tool as it

cuts through the work piece. These drilling machines can be bench or floor mounted.

8. Power feed

The power feed drilling machine are usually larger and heavier than the hand feed ones

they are equipped with the ability to feed the cutting tool in to the work automatically duty

work or the work that uses large drills that require power feed larger work pieces are

usually clamped directly to the table or base using t —bolts and clamps by a small work

places are held in a vice. A depth —stop mechanism is located on the head, near the

spindle, to aid in drilling to a precise depth.

Drilling machine
Specification: -

Drill size in mm Feed in mm/rev

3.2 & less 0.025 – 0.050
3.2 to 6.4 0.050 – 0.10
6.4 to 12.7 0.10 – 0.18
12.7 to 25.4 0.18 – 0.38
25.4 & large 0.38 – 0.64

4.2 SHAPING

The shaping machine is used to machine flat metal surfaces especially where a large

amount of metal has to be removed. Other machines such as milling machines are much

more expensive and are more suited to removing smaller amounts of metal, very

accurately.

 The reciprocating motion of the mechanism inside the shaping machine can be seen

in the diagram. As the disc rotates the top of the machine moves forwards and

backwards, pushing a cutting tool. The cutting tool removes the metal from work

which is carefully bolted down.

 The shaping machine is a simple and yet extremely effective machine. It is used to

remove material, usually metals such as steel or aluminium, to produce a flat

surface. However, it can also be used to manufacture gears such as rack and pinion

systems and other complex shapes. Inside its shell/casing is a crank and slider

mechanism that pushes the cutting tool forward and returns it to its origmal

position. Th1S motion is continuous.

 SHAPING MACHINE

4.3 CUTTING

A hacksaw is a fine-tooth saw with a blade held under tension in a frame, used for cutting

materials such as metal or plastics. Hand-held hacksaws consist of a metal arch with a

handle, usually a pistol grip, with pumps for attaching a narrow disposable blade. A screw

or other mechanism is used to put the thin blade under tension. The blade can be mounted

with the teeth facing toward or away from the handle, resulting in cutting action on either

the push or pull stroke. On the push stroke, the arch will flex slightly, decreasing the

tension on the blade.

Blades are available in standardized lengths, usually 10 or 12 inches for a standard hand

hacksaw. "junior" hacksaws are half this size. Powered hacksaws may use large blades in a

range of sizes, or small machines may use the same hand blades.
 CUTTING OPERATION

Specification of hacksaw

Size of hacksaw blade: -

Thickness: - l .2 7-2.54 mm

Width: - 25.40-SO.80mm

Length: - 304.80-609.60mm

Work piece Material Cutting Speed in m/s

Mild Steel 0.75
Cast Iron 0.50
Brass/Aluminium 1.5
Bronze 1.25
Thin Section (piece & tubes) 1.5
Sr. Particulars Total Cost Total

No quantit Rs./uni Cost

. y t
1 Motor- 01 1500 1500

2400rpm
2 Bearing 6600 04 80 320
 no.
3 Bear 60x100 01 450 450
4 Gear &pinion 01 620 650
5 Circular Plate 04 85 340

(150 mm dia)
6 Screw Nut 03 25 75

Assembly
7 Iron angle 12kg 80 960

thickness

3mm
8 Pipe (20mm 5Feet 40 200

dia)
9 Pulley (160 01 270 270

mm dia)
10 Pulley 920 01 80 80

mm dia)
11 Rope 01 30 30
12 Drill chuck 01 110 110
13 Drill Tool 01 20 20
14 Hacksaw Tool 01 20 20
15 Shaping Tool 01 15 15
16 Welding - 1200 1200

Work
17 Paint 02 60 120
18 Nut & Bolt 02 10 20
19 Lubricant 01 50 50
20 Cable 01 20 20
21 Transportatio - 600 600

n & Misc.

Expenses
TOTAL 7020

RS.
CHAPTER: 5 COSTING OF PROJECT
CHAPTER:6 FUTURE IMPLIMENTATION

 We can perform various operations like cutting, drilling or shaping individually by

introducing coupling (engagement & disengagement) between them.

 We can perform Grinding operation by introducing a grinding tool at the main

shaft.

 We can perform boring operation by introducing a boring tool by replacing drilling

tool.

 We can change the speed of motor by regulator.

 CHAPTER:7 CONCLUSION

After completing the major project on "MUIL.TI PURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE"

we are much happy and would like to thank our professor, guides and the lectures of the

concerned department who have guided us.

While making this project we have been able to learn a lot and understand the various

aspects of "MUILTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE" we can use our knowledge;

which we get during our study.

 CHAPTER:8 REFERENCE

The websites:

 www.technoloeystudent.com

 www.terry-ene27.blouspot.in

 www.en.wikipedia.org

 www.ask.reference.com

 www.dictionary.reference.com

 www.community.machinedesign.com

 www.gtuinnovationcouncil.ac.in

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hsaoT01vuY4&NR=1&feature=endscreen

 www.20021e.com

The Helpful Books:

 Workshop Technology (Hazrachaudhary)

 Theory of Machine (R.S.Khurmi)

 Machine Design

 Production Technology