EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM

• ORION ARM
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 THE SOLAR SYSTEM

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 THE SOLAR SYSTEM

• METEORITES

• HALE-BOPP COMET
 THE SOLAR SYSTEM

SOLAR SYSTEM
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NEBULA

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 SOLAR SYSTEMS

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 THE SOLAR SYSTEM

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 THE SOLAR SYSTEM

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ECLIPTIC PLANE
 THE SOLAR SYSTEM: ITS ORIGIN

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 THE SOLAR SYSTEM: ITS ORIGIN
Nebular Theory
❑ This refers to the origin of the solar system where
the planet Earth is also present along with the
other planets.
❑ This theory states that the earth came from a
nebula (a dust or gas in space that is seen
occasionally at night).
❑ The German philosopher Immanuel Kant first
proposed the Nebular Theory in 1755. Kant
believed that the solar system originated from a
large, hot, rotating nebula. As the nebula's
rotation accelerated, its center condensed
and became the sun. Small matter became
planets.
 The Solar System: Its Origin
Nebular Theory
❑ Pierre Simon de Laplace agreed with
Kant's theory. Laplace was a French
mathematician, physicist, and
astronomer in the 18th century.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ESGUAU2
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 The Solar System: Its Origin
Nebular Theory
❑According to Laplace, the solar system,
including the earth, came from a nebula.
Constructive gases and dust are nebulae
seen in the sky by ultra violet radiation
emanating from a hot star.
❑The ions interacted with the free electrons in
the cloud and caused it to explode light in
all directions.
❑The nebula has been circling the universe
rapidly for millions of years. Over time, it
gradually slows down in rotation. This
caused the mass to cool and harden until its
surfaces gradually peeled off. But it still
continued to rotate due to the force of the
centrifugal force.
 THE SOLAR SYSTEM: ITS ORIGIN

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 THE SOLAR SYSTEM: ITS ORIGIN

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 THE SOLAR SYSTEM: ITS ORIGIN

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Glowing nebula clouds of gases and dust
particles become concentrated to form stars
 Nebula contracted into a rotating
disk and heated up as gravitational
energy converts into heat energy

Gravitational collapse of nebula

causing its inward contraction
Cooling nebula condenses
to form tiny rocky and
metallic solid particles

Collision of dust-size particles join to

form asteroids and accrete to form the
planets
 COMMON FEATURES OF THE 8 PLANETS
Planets Rotation Time Equatorial Mean Density
(Days) Diameter (km) (g/sq. cm)
TERRESTRIAL PLANETS
Mercury 58.7 4,880 5.43
Venus 243 12,104 5.24
Earth 1 12,760 5.52
Mars 1.03 6,787 3.98
JOVIAN PLANETS
Jupiter 0.41 142,796 1.33
Saturn 0.43 120,660 0.69
Uranus 0.72 51,200 1.27
Neptune 0.67 49,500 1.76
OTHER
Pluto 6.39 2,300 2.03
 THE TERRESTRIAL PLANETS
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 THE JOVIAN PLANETS

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THE SUN

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 EARTH
►ROTATION
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►REVOLUTION
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►EARTH’S TILT
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 SHAPE OF THE EARTH
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SPHERICAL

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 SHAPE OF THE EARTH
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SHAPE OF THE EARTH: OBLATE SPHEROID
SHAPE OF THE EARTH: OBLATE SPHEROID
EARTH-SUN RELATIONS AND THE SEASONS

MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH

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EARTH-SUN RELATIONS AND THE SEASONS:
THE PLANE OF THE ECLIPTIC
 EARTH-SUN RELATIONS AND THE SEASONS

EARTH’S ROTATION ON ITS AXIS

• ROTATION

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EARTH’S ROTATION ON ITS AXIS