The american revolutionary war also called the american revolution was initiated by 13 north american colonies of

great Britain against the kingdom over their opposition to its direct taxation and lack of colonial representation war
broke out on april 19 1775 when the british confronted colonial rebels in lexington Massachusetts. it was
initially a conflict between britain and its colonies until france joined as america's ally turning it into an international
war

WHAT TRIGGERED THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION?

Before the flare-up of the American revolutionary war there had been growing tensions and conflicts between the
british crown and its colonies to raise the revenue from colonies
the mother country took many measures:

the sugar act of 1764 aimed at ending the smuggling trade in sugar and molasses from the french and dutch west
indies.

the stamp act in the following year was the first british parliamentary attempt to raise revenue through direct taxation
of all colonial commercial and legal papers newspapers pamphlets cards almanacs and dice

the townshend acts in two years after that were a series of four acts in an attempt to exert authority over the
american colonies

the tea act was introduced six years later to save the east india company- a key part of the british economy

these acts provoked great anger among many colonists they resented the taxes insisting that only their colonial
assemblies could impose taxes on the people and consequently a rally was held behind the slogan
“no taxation without representation”

tensions and skirmishes ran high through many events namely the boston massacre(1770) the burning of the gatsby
and Rhode island (1772) and especially the 1773 boston tea party
which provoked a crackdown by the british parliament including closing boston harbor and passing some acts to
restore order in Massachusetts

in response to this in september 1774, many colonial leaders including George washington of virginia
john and samuel adams of massachusetts patrick henry of virginia and john jay of new york gathered in philadelphia
to discuss the colony's opposition to british rule but the first continental congress's attempt to demand
independence from britain
did not go so far

tensions flared up on the night of April 18 1775 when British troops marched to concord Massachusetts to seize an
arms cache

it is the shot heard round the world in the battles of Lexington and concord on the next day that kicked off the
American revolutionary war.

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
in june 1775 continental army with general george washington as its commander was formed in the second
continental congress in Philadelphia. That same month american troops were defeated by the british at the battle of
bunker hill in Massachusetts. This battle on one hand inflicted heavy casualties on the crown troops but on the other
hand it prepared the ground and boosted the confidence of the inexperienced americans in the upcoming battles
against the enemy

throughout that fall and winter the war went badly for the americans as they were outnumbered and outpowered by
the british forces however in late winter the balance of the fight was shifted when british artillery
was captured at fort ticonderoga in new york
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in march 1776 the british led by general william howe the commander-in-chief of the british
army retreated to canada to prepare for a major invasion of new york

one year after the beginning, the revolutionary war was at full scale and by june 1776 many colonists demanded
independence from Britain

on july 4th 1776 the continental congress adopted a declaration of independence written mainly by thomas
Jefferson. That same month a large british fleet was sent to new york with the aim to crush the rebellion

two months later routed by howe's redcoats on rhode island. washington'stroops were forced to evacuate from new
york city

however the surprise attack in Trenton and the battle near princeton new jersey after that marked another small
victory for colonials and revived the flagging hopes of the rebels

BATTLE OF SARATOGA THE TURNING POINT

aiming at separating the most rebellious groups in new England from the other colonies the british came
up with a strategy involving two main prongs of attack
one led by general john bergoyne
marching south from Canada planned to meet the other led by howe on the hudson river

In july in an attempt to retake fort Ticonderoga burgoyne's troops suffered a devastating loss to the americans
while howe troops moved southward from
new york to confront washington's army near the chesapeake bay

on September 11th the americans were defeated

at brandywine creek pennsylvania and 14 days after that the british entered philadelphia
onoctober 4th washington struck back at but was compelled to withdraw to winter quarters at valley forge

in the north the story was different after being defeated by american forces in the first battle at freeman's farm new
York and the second one at bemis heights new general burgoyne and his men were forced to surrender on october
17th. the american victory in saratoga was considered the turning point of the war as it involved france which had
been secretly aiding americans since 1776 but was reluctant to declare
itself openly as an ally

the american revolution first sparked as a civil conflict between Britain and its colonies then became an international
war

STALEMATE IN THE NORTH BATTLE IN THE SOUTH

following the american victory in saratoga new york france and america
signed treaties of alliance on February 6 1778 in which france provided America with troops and warships during the
winter at valley forge pennsylvania

washington's forces received training and discipline from France

on june 28 1778 when withdrawing from Philadelphia, henry clinton who replaced howe to take over the british forces
and his troops were attacked by washington's army near mon mouth new jersey

this battle ended in a draw letting clinton's army get to new york safely
as the joint attack against the british in late july failed, france and america besieged Newport rhode island

the war was locked in a stalemate phase in the north.

in the south georgia and Charleston, south carolina were occupied by the british in early 1779
WHY THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR MATTERS
the revolutionary war was considered an exemplary event in the history of the world through which the united states
of america came into existence and became the first country to drive out the hereditary monarchy and established
democracy on top of that the war of american independence can be said to open a new era in the new world and
pave the way for a new epoch for the old world

Before the flare-up of the American Revolutionary War, there had been growing tensions and conflicts between the
British crown and its thirteen colonies. To raise the revenue from colonies, the mother country took many measures,
namely the Sugar Act of 1764, the Stamp Act of 1765, the Townshend Acts of 1767 and the Tea Act of 1773. These
acts provoked great anger among many colonists, and consequently, a rally was held behind the slogan “no taxation
without representation”.

Tensions and skirmishes ran high through many events, namely the Boston Massacre, the Burning of the Gaspee in
Rhode Island, and especially the 1773 Boston Tea Party which provoked a crackdown by the British Parliament,
including closing Boston harbor and passing some acts to restore order in Massachusetts.

In response to this, in September 1774, many colonial leaders including George Washington of Virginia, John and
Samuel Adams of Massachusetts, Patrick Henry of Virginia and John Jay of New York gathered in Philadelphia to
discuss the colonies’ opposition to British rule, but this First Continental Congress’s attempt to demand
independence from Britain did not go so far.

Tensions flared up on the night of April 18, 1775, when British troops marched to Concord, Massachusetts to seize
an arms cache. It is the “shot heard ‘round the world” in the Battles of Lexington and Concord on the next day that
kicked off the American Revolutionary War.

In June 1775, Continental Army, with General George Washington as its commander, was formed in the Second
Continental Congress in Philadelphia. On June 17, American troops were defeated by the British at the Battle of
Bunker Hill in Massachusetts. In late winter, the balance of the fight was shifted when British artillery was captured at
Fort Ticonderoga in New York.

In March 1776, the British led by General William Howe retreated to Canada to prepare for a major invasion of New
York. On July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress adopted a Declaration of Independence written mainly by Thomas
Jefferson. That same month, a large British fleet was sent to New York with the aim to crush the rebellion. Two
months later, routed by Howe’s Redcoats on Long Island, Washington’s troops were forced to evacuate from New
York City. However, the surprise attack in Trenton and the battle near Princeton, New Jersey after that, marked
another small victory for the colonials and revived the flagging hopes of the rebels.

In July, in an attempt to retake Fort Ticonderoga, General John Burgoyne’s troops suffered a devastating loss to the
Americans while Howe troops moved southward from New York to confront Washington’s army near the Chesapeake
Bay. On September 25, the British entered Philadelphia. On October 4, Washington struck back at Germantown
(Maryland) but was compelled to withdraw to winter quarters at Valley Forge.

In the North, the story was different. After being defeated by American forces in the first battle at Freeman’s Farm
(New York) and the second one at Bemis Heights (New York), General Burgoyne and his men were forced to
surrender on October 17.

Following the American victory in Battle of Saratoga (New York), France and America signed treaties of alliance on
February 6, 1778, in which France provided America with troops and warships
On June 28, 1778, when withdrawing from Philadelphia, Henry Clinton, who replaced Howe to take over British forces,
and his troops were attacked by Washington’s army near Monmouth, New Jersey. This battle ended in a draw, letting
Clinton’s army get to New York safely. As the joint attack against British in late July failed, France and America
besieged Newport, Rhode Island. The war was locked in a stalemate phase in the North.

In the South, Georgia and Charleston, South Carolina were occupied by the British in early 1779 and May 1780
respectively. Later, on October 7, American troops led by Isaac Shelby and John Sevier defeated Major Patrick
Ferguson and one-third of General Cornwallis's army at King's Mountain.

Following the Battle of Yorktown and Cornwallis’s surrender, the British still had its men stationed in some areas until
the removal of their troops from Charleston and Savannah in late 1782.

The war officially ended with the Treaty of Paris on September 3, 1783, by which Britain recognized American
independence, marking the end of the colonial era in the US.
 ere are four of the major reasons: 1. Common Enemy - Britain had become the major power in Europe and
the rest of the world. Countries such as France and Spain saw Britain as their enemy. By aiding the Americans they
were also hurting their enemy. 2. Seven Years' War - Both France and Spain had lost the Seven Years' War against