Integrals of Exponential and

Logarithmic Functions
 Integration Guidelines
1. Learn your rules (Power rule, trig rules, log
rules, etc.).
2. Find an integration formula that resembles
the integral you are trying to solve (u-
substitution should accomplish this goal).
3. If u-substitution does not work, you may
need to alter the integrand (long division,
factor, multiply by the conjugate, separate
the fraction, or other algebraic techniques).
4. When all else fails, use your TI-89.
 Power Rule for Integrals


n 1
x dxn
 1
n 1 x C
for n ≠ -1

The power rule is not valid for n = -1 because:


1 11
x dx  1
11 x C  x0
0 C
(meaningless)
Derivative and Antiderivatives that Deal
with the Natural Log
However, we know the following to be true:
1
d
dx ln x 
x
This shows that ln x is an antiderivative of 1/x.
Or:
dx
 x
1
x dx   ln x  C
But, thus formula is only valid for x>0 (where ln x is defined). How
can we have an antiderivative on its full domain?
 Indefinite Integral of y = 1/x
If x ≠ 0, then
dx
x  ln x  C

This is valid because we proved the

following result:
d g ' x
ln g ( x) 
dx g  x
Derivative and Antiderivatives that Deal
with the Exponentials
We know the following to be true:
d
dx a   ln a   a
x x

Solve
for ax:
1 d
ln a dx a a
x x

d
dx  1
ln a a x
a x (Constant Rule in
reverse)

This shows the antiderivative of ax :

  a
x 1 x
a dx ln a
As long as a>0 (where ln a is defined), this antiderivative satisfies
all values of x.
 Indefinite Integral of Exponentials
If a > 0, then

  a
x 1 x
a dx ln a

If a = e, then

 
x x
e dx e
 Example 1
 xe
3 x 2 1
Find dx .

Define u and du: u  3x 2  1 du  6x  dx

6 x du  dx
1
Substitute to replace EVERY x and dx:
Solve
 xe
3 x 1
dx   xe dx
u
for dx
  xeu 1
6x du
  du
1 u
6 e Integrate.

Substitute  16 eu  C
back to Leave
3 x 2 1
 16 e C
your answer in
terms of x.
 Example 2
dx
Find  for x>1.
x ln x
Define u and du: u  ln x du  1x  dx
x  du  dx
Substitute to replace EVERY x and dx:
dx dx Solve
 x ln x
 x u for dx
x  du

x u
du Integrate.

Substitute u
back to Leave  ln u  C
your answer in
terms of x.  ln ln x  C  ln  ln x   C
 Example 3
x3
Find  x  5x  6
2
.
dx

Do not forget about all of your old techniques

x3 x3
 x  5x  6
2
dx    x  3 x  2  dx
1
 dx u  x  2 du  dx
x2
1
  du
u
 ln u  C  ln x  2  C
 Example 4
Find  x 2  x 2
x 3 dx
x 2 Rm
Perform
Polynomial x x2 2x 4
Division.
-3 -3x -6
x 2
–x –2
Thus:  x 2  x 2
x 3 dx    x  2  dx   x43 dx
 12 x 2  2 x  C  4  x13 dx
 12 x 2  2 x  4ln x  3  C