MAKTAB RENDAH SAINS MARA KEPALA BATAS,

LOT 8781, JALAN BERTAM,

13200 KEPALA BATAS,
PULAU PINANG.

FOLIO KERJAYA:
Aeronautical engineer

NAMA : MUHAMMAD AQIL B. ZULKIFLI.

KELAS : 508

NO MAKTAB : 09429

GURU : PUAN HASLINA BT. ABD AZIZ.

 Biodata Pelajar.

Nama : Muhammad Aqil b. Zulkifli.

Kelas : 508
No IC : 930718-14-5083
Nomak : 09429
Kerjaya Impian : Jurutera Aeronautik

ISI KANDUNGAN
 No Perkara M/S
.
1. W - Work Condition

2. I - Implications For Lifestyle.

3. N - Nature Of Work

4. N - Need By Society And Community

5. E - Entry, Training And Prospects

6. R - Related Occupations

7. S - Succesful Personal Attributes

Introduction of Aeronautical Engineer.

 Aeronaitical engineering is one of the most challenging fields of engineering with a wide
scope for growth. This field deals with the development of new technology in the field of
aviation, space exploration and defence systems. Aeronautical engineering expanded
dramatically after 1940. Flight speeds increased from a few hundred miles per hour to satellite
and space-vehicle velocities. The common means of propulsion changed from propellers to
turboprops, turbojets, ramjets, and rockets. This change gave rise to new applications of basic
science to the field and a higher reliance on theory and high-speed computers in design and
testing, since it was often not feasible to proceed by experimental methods only. 

Job description

An aeronautical engineer applies scientific and technological principles to research, design,

maintain, test and develop the performance of civil and military aircraft, missiles, weapons
systems, satellites and space vehicles.

The role is focused on enhancing high-quality flight safety and standards, as well as
reducing system costs and, increasingly, the environmental impact of air travel. Aeronautical
engineering offers a wide range of roles. Most engineers specialise in a particular area, such as
research, design, testing, manufacture or maintenance. The aerospace industry is well established
in the UK, and constant expansion in air travel means that there are many roles available.

W - Work Condition
 Let start with workplace where an aeronautical engineer work. An aeronautical engineers
usually work in offices at airports and visit aircraft workshops or hangars to inspect aircraft that
require modifications or repairs. They work also will undertaken in a design or airport office or
aeronautical laboratory, with visits to sites, other industrial companies and experimental
establishments for resolving issues that arise during the design, development and testing
processes. They also travel overseas to inspect aircraft and attend courses and conferences on
aeronautical engineering. There are danger situation for the safety of an aeronautical engineer
and other worker when work at the workshops or hangars but they all have known and do the
safety requirements when at there, just like other occupations. So if there are any accidents
happen, it is out of human control.

Then about physical aspects that must have to be an aeronautical engineer. An aeronautical
engineer needs to be physically fit and fully dedicated to his work. Aeronautical engineers need
to have, knowledge of aircraft structures and engine systems, a good understanding of
aerodynamics (how aircraft fly) and thermodynamics (the effects of heat on aircraft), knowledge
of design techniques and engineering principles, an understanding of mechanical processes and
the metals and alloys used in aircraft, knowledge of civil aviation laws and regulations, the
ability to explain complicated ideas in simple language for report writing or to express design
plans to aircraft engineers and technicians, analytical and problem-solving skills, mathematical
and computer-aided design (CAD) skills.

What kind of personality do I need? Because this occupation sets high requirements
aeronautical engineers must pay exceptional attention to perfectionism in their work. They must
be able to maintain the high standards set during training. These characteristics are very
important because mistakes are often fatal. To become an successful engineer, you must are
highly intelligent, excellent team players, keen on challenges, self-motivated, innovative and
lateral thinkers. They also have the capacity for highly technical and analytical thinking.
Aeronautical engineers also need to be confident, adaptable, creative, practical and accurate.
They also need to be able to work well under pressure and make good decisions.

For an aeronautical engineer they have longer hours than other engineer depends on their
responsibilities, experience and also the damages of the plane that needed highly observations
from the engineers. Overall, working hours are mainly nine to five, but extra hours may be
required to complete projects to deadlines. Aeronautical engineers often work on an 'on-call'
basis for consultation if there is a request to change the priority of repairs or modifications or in
case of emergency investigation. Travel within a working day and absence from home at night
are necessary for visits to aircraft workshops or hangars to inspect aircraft that require
modifications or repairs.

Looking at hours of working of an aeronautical engineer, we must be expected their

salaries or pays are high. Their salaries vary depends on their experience and responsibilities,
and also their qualifications. In Malaysia, range of typical starting salaries is RM 1,500 – RM
2,200 depends on your employers. Higher starting salaries may be offered to those with Masters
or research qualifications. But for engineer with three to five years experience the range of
typical salaries is RM 4,500 – RM 7,500. And lastly for senior levels is more than RM 10,000
and above.

N - Nature Of Work
The nature of work for an aeronautical engineer are vary depends on their expertise. The
nature of work also bring the same meaning with task or work activities. Generally, work as
aeronautical engineer is quite tough and sophisticated. Typical work activities vary according to
the role and employer, with most aeronautical engineers specialising in a specific area. Within
each specialism, tasks typically involve undertaking blue sky research or applied research.

Blue sky research is involve developing and using fundamental physical processes and
physics laws in a controlled environment. And applied research concerns the application of blue
sky research and is undertaken in a design environment, industry or university research centre.

Other than that is investigating the use of new materials or improving existing materials
used in aeroplane making process. Then, an aeronautical engineer applying the principles of
science and technology to the creative design of aircraft components and support equipment and
researching and developing design specifications. To make workdone gonna be perfect,
aeronautical engineer undertaking systematic manufacturing, involving the assembly and
modification of components. They also supervising the assembly of airframes and the installation
of engines, instruments and other equipment.

For certain, situation aeronautical engineer also participating in flight test programmes to
measure take-off distances, rate of climb, stall speeds, manoeuvrability and landing capacities. In
addition, they also role as catalyst to resolving issues that arise during the design, development
and testing processes.

For daily task, in airport or workshops, they will maintaining aircraft for full operation,
involving regular inspections, maintenance and servicing. Moreover, they are responsible to
measuring and improving the performance of aircraft, components and systems and modifying
designs to improve safety features or minimise fuel consumption and pollution to the nature.
 As a leader in a team, aeronautical engineer must developing repair procedures, working
out and managing schedules for repair and maintenance for aeroplanes and helicopters that under
Their management. It is to make sure that all of their group members will do their job right on
time to avoid any mistakes from fatal.

If there are any aircraft accidents happen, he will responsible to investigate the causes or
the reason it happen. They will collating information, interpreting data and publishing the results
of specific projects or accidents in technical report form. In office They store paperwork for
approved data like drawings, technical instructions, assessments and calculations. And
aeronautical engineer also role as project managing, including scheduling resources and staff and
managing budgets.

For an aeronautical engineer, they will work with machine and other people, both of
them. Not like certain engineer in other expertise and other scope, that only work with computer
and machine. But it different with aeronautical engineer that need a lot to communicate with
other person in work.

Aeronautical engineer working with teams, suppliers, clients and managers to agree
budgets, timescales and specifications. But for fresh meat aeronautical engineer's usually work
in teams under the  supervision of senior engineers, bringing together their skills and technical
expertise. Even they have became senior engineer also, they need a team to working with it.
Aeronautical engineer also communicating technical and regulatory advice to clients, teams,
suppliers and other professionals within the aerospace industry and presenting data to groups and
individuals.

E - Entry, Training And Prospects

Entry requirements

For secondary school’s students, to be able qualified to take aeronautical engineering

course in university. They must get A in Add Math, Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics, and
English in their SPM’s result.
 After that in university a relevant degree subject areas include physical, mathematical,
applied science and engineering. The following subjects in particular may increase your chances:

 aeronautical engineering;
 mechanical engineering;
 physics or applied physics;
 production or manufacturing engineering;
 electrical and electronic engineering;
 computer science or software engineering;
 mathematics.

Candidates need to show evidence of the following:

 strong technical knowledge and lateral thinking;

 meticulous attention to detail;
 a level of commercial awareness;
 strong communication and teamworking skills;
 ability to work to deadlines with self-motivation;
 ability to think creatively;
 problem-solving and analytical skills;
 ability to cope with new demands and new problems to be solved;
 a genuine love of aviation, aircraft and flight technology.

Language skills may be useful because of joint ventures and the possibility of opportunities to
travel to company sites outside Malaysia.

It is illegal for employers to discriminate against candidates on the grounds of age, gender, race,
disability, sexual orientation or religious faith.

There are many institutes and university in Malaysia that offer aeronautical engineering course
like figure below :
Malaysian Aerospace Engineering Schools and Universities
Undergraduate BS BE, Graduate MS and PhD Programs in Aerospace Engineering in Malaysia
Aerospace Engineering Universities in Malaysia offering Aerospace Engineering degree programs at bachelors (under-graduate),
masters (graduate) and PhD levels. Aerospace Engineering information on diplomas, certification and degree options in aerospace
in Malaysia.

 
Aerospace Engineering University in Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
Technology University of Malaysia (UTM)
The Technology University of Malaysia or Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) offers undergraduate and graduate
programs in Aeronautics and Aerospace Engineering. The faculty of Mechanical engineering at UTM is involving in
the programs in aeronautics. The following programs are offered at UTM,
 Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical - Aeronautics)
 M.Eng in Mechanical - Advance manufacturing  technology
 
Aerospace Engineering University in Penang, Malaysia
University of Science, Malaysia (USM)
The University of Science or Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) located in Penang, Malaysia school of Aerospace
Engineering offers undergraduate and graduate programs in the field of Aerospace Engineering.
 
Aerospace Engineering University in Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
Putra University Malaysia (UPM)
The Putra University Malaysia or Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) located in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Faculty
of Engineering offers engineering programs in aeronautical and aerospace engineering.
 
Aerospace Engineering University in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)
The International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM) located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Khulliyyah of
Engineering offers engineering programs at undergraduate and graduate level in the field of Aerospace Engineering.
 
University of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology (MIAT)
The Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology (MIAT) part of University of Kuala Lumpur located in Kuala
Lumpur Malaysia offers engineering courses and programs at undergraduate and graduate level in Aviation
Technology. Malaysian institute of aviation technology offers,
 Diploma in Aircraft Maintenance Technology (Avionics)
 Diploma in Aircraft Maintenance Technology (Composite)
 Diploma in Aircraft Maintenance Technology (Manufacturing)

MARA University of Technology - Aerospace Engineering

Mara University of Technology offers the following engineering courses,
 Aerospace and Materials (Flight Mechanics)
 Aerospace and Materials (Advanced Materials)

Global Aerospace Academy of Malaysia

CAE Global Academy HM Aerospace offers the following courses,
 Private Pilot License Course (PPL)
 Assistant Flight Instructor Course (AFI)
 Airline Transport Pilot License Course (ATPL)
 Commercial Pilot Licence/Instrument Rating (Aeroplane) with Frozen Airline Transport Pilot Licence
Course (CPL/IR (A) with Frozen ATPL)
The courses offered are in accordance with the Department of Civil Aviation and Malaysian Civil Air Regulations
(MCAR).
Training

Training is usually undertaken while working. It is vital to keep up to date with

technology, as developments in the fast-moving aerospace industry are closely linked to other
scientific progresses.

Training varies between organisations but most large companies offer structured training
and encourage professional/chartered status, particularly those with graduate employment
schemes. Some company training schemes are accredited by professional bodies. Companies
usually offer in-service training and short courses to meet specific training needs.

Some employers work closely with universities to develop appropriate programmes for
staff at different levels and in different specialisms. The larger companies invest not only in
technical training, but also specialist topics including:

 leadership and change management;

 project management;
 information technology.

Other employers, however, are unable to provide broad training experience themselves, and it is
important to check what arrangements they have in place.

In Malaysia, UTM or Universiti Teknologi Malaysia is the first institution in Malaysia that
offered Aeronautical Engineering course with the introduction of Diploma in Aeronautical
Engineering in 1980, a joint program with the Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF). Then, the
degree Aeronautical Engineering course was introduced, which is an area of specialization in
Mechanical Engineering. Apart from providing the education courses, with its long presence,
UTM is considered one of the best institutions that can provide students with facilities for
research and development.
 Another government initiative to support the aviation need in Malaysia is the collaboration
between Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA) under the Ministry of Entrepreneur and Cooperative
Development and Northrop Rice Institute USA Inc. In the partnership, Northrop Rice Institute
was assigned as the technology provider for development of aircraft maintenance technology.
The initial set was in Jasin, Melaka and with the growth and increasing demand, a new facility
was designed and completed in 2002, which takes place in Dengkil, Selangor. It is now known as
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology (MIAT). Additionally,
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) has their own School of Aerospace Engineering which offer
two specializations – Aeronautical Engineering and Astronautical Engineering.

In February 2008, AirAsia Berhad and TAFE College in Seremban signed a memorandum
that is tailored to initiate AirAsia support program, which includes the use of TAFE’s workshop
facilities used to complete training in basic engineering skills. The memorandum will also see
how TAFE college can assist to accommodate the long term need of aircraft maintenance
engineer training. AirAsia adopt more than 60 modules of training programs, which enable the
trainee engineers to qualify as licensed aircraft maintenance engineers who are recognized both
by European and international standard.

Prospects

Without doubt, there is high demand for engineering specialization, and aeronautical is not
spared. Perhaps with the sending of our first angkasawan into the space, many students now
aspire to be in the aerospace and aeronautical field. First of all, aeronautical engineering is a sub-
branch of aerospace engineering.
 It gives an indication that aeronautical and aerospace engineering related courses will
potentially present a challenge to an aspiring engineering wishing to go into the said
specialization.

Aviation companies like AirAsia and MAS (Malaysia Airlines System) periodically
advertise engineering related positions in their websites, many of which requiring people with
aeronautical background. Also, it is worth to note that aeronautical is an important element in
defense, particularly military air. Many local engineering entities related to aircrafts and
aeronautical are initiated and founded by those who served the Royal Malaysia Armed Forces
before. Malaysia’s development is at risk of facing a slowdown, as the country is facing shortage
of engineers.

Without the proper attention and due courses, the brain drain problem would continue to
haunt and eventually cripple the nation’s hope to becoming a center of technology development.
According to the President of Institute of Engineers Malaysia (IEM), Prof Datuk Chuah Hean
Tei, the country needs about 200,000 engineers by the year 2020. As it stands, there are only
about 60,000 qualified engineers in Malaysia at the moment.

R - Related Occupations

Since aeronautical himselves are branches of engineering field, it is highly likely that some
specific subjects and syllabus covered during your studies can be made good use in other
specializations.

For example, design, maintenance, control, material, fluid mechanics, aerodynamics and
others are useful in other fields such as structural, civil, utility and even Formula 1. Like we
know, now Malaysia own a F1 company, Lotus Proton that participates in F1 race. For example,
if a graduated in aeronautical did not get a job with in aeronautical related company, he can work
as an engineer with the national utility company, Tenaga Nasional Berhad, TNB.

There are some job that are related to jobs like an aeronautical engineer. First is an
aircraft engineer. Aircraft engineers research, design, manufacture and maintain aircraft. They
work on any and every mechanical aspect of the craft, including airframes, hydraulics and
pneumatics, engines and fuel systems and control and communications systems. Aircraft
engineers are responsible for repairing, replacing, assembling and installing aircraft parts. They
also troubleshoot by testing aircraft systems to identify the source or cause of malfunctions. They
inspect parts for damage or general wear, perform routine maintenance tasks, and make entries in
technical records. They carry out the regulatory routine and special inspections, and certify that
maintenance is meeting the correct standards. In addition, they are responsible for supervising
aircraft maintenance workers, and for working with teams, suppliers, clients and managers to
agree budgets, timescales and specifications for work undertaken.

Secondly is avionics engineering tradesperson. Avionics engineering tradesperson

areresponsible for repair or overhaul aircraft electrical / electro-mechanical components,
instrumentation and display system components. They also perform routine pre-flight
inspections. They inspect, dismantle and reassemble aircraft engines, electrical systems or
aircraft frames. They also install, test, align and troubleshoot aircraft communication equipment,
instruments and electronic systems. Lastly, they explain and apply safety procedures and
practices.
 Third is an electrical engineer. Electrical engineers design new and better electronics. They
also test equipment and solve problems. A project starts by deciding what the new electronics
will do. Then, the engineer designs the circuits and other parts of the electronics. Engineers
might draw their designs using a computer. Later, the engineers test their designs and make them
better. Many projects don't work at first. The engineers have to figure out why and then fix them.
Electrical engineers work on many kinds of products. They might work on cars, robots, cell
phone systems, the lighting and wiring in buildings, and radar and navigation systems. Some
examples of high-tech projects that electrical and electronics engineers work on are global
positioning systems that can pinpoint a car's location, giant generators that can power entire
cities, or a new design for an airplane's electrical system. Engineers work in offices, labs, or
industrial plants. Many work a normal 40-hour week. At times, they work longer to meet
deadlines.

Fourth is an electronics engineer. An electronic engineer is someone who is responsible

for designing electronics, quality assurance, and project management. They are fully certified
engineers who have completed an undergraduate degree in electronic engineering. Electronic
engineers find employment in manufacturing, research, and product development. Electronic
engineers design many new electronic products. These products range from the simple radio to a
global positioning system or GPS. Electronics engineers study, design and oversee production of
electronic equipment such as radios, televisions, computers, washing machines and
telecommunication systems. They may also service equipment..

Fifth is a maintenance and diagnostics engineers. Maintenance and diagnostics

engineers make, fit and repair parts for machines and related equipment used on boats, farms,
sawmills and mining sites, as well as in factories and oil refineries.Maintenance and diagnostics
engineers do some of all of the following like study and interpret engineering drawings, decide
on suitable materials and working methods, measure and mark out metals for cutting, set and
operate machines, cut and shape metals, check work f or accuracy, join metal pieces by welding,
repair machines and their parts, carry out maintenance checks on machines and diagnose any
faults, clean and install equipment and machinery.
 Sixth is a mechanical engineer. Mechanical engineers design and give advice on the
building and repair of machines and tools. They also investigate problems and faults with
machinery, and study ways to improve manufacturing and energy production. Mechanical
engineers are typically involved with the generation, distribution, and use of energy; the
processing of materials; the control and automation of manufacturing systems; the design and
development of machines; and the solutions to environmental problems. Research, testing
manufacturing, operations, marketing, and administration are some other key activities
associated with practicing Mechanical Engineers. Mechanical engineers are characterized by
personal creativity, breadth of knowledge, and versatility. They are also valuable and reliable
multidisciplinary team members. The technical subject areas that form the main basis for their
work include mechanics, energy transfer and conversion, design and manufacturing, and the
engineering sciences. Through clever use of analysis, modeling, design, and synthesis, they solve
important problems to improve quality of life. Mechanical engineers work on teams responsible
for developing a wide range of products and systems including, for example, space shuttle
vehicles, aircraft of all sizes and shapes, automobiles, turbines, pumps, power plants, and
factories.

ATTACHMENTS
Gambar 1 : Selepas
temu bual.
 Gambar 2 & 3 : Reaksi Encik Samsudin ketika ditemu bual

Gambar 4 : Encik Samsudin

sentiasa tenang ditemu bual.

Central Aerospace
Design
CD & SOFTCOPY