Q3.

S/ Names of Fatty Acid Abbreviated

Condensed Structural Formula Line Structural Formula
n Structural Formula
1. Lignoceric acid
(Common name)

Tetracosanoic Acid C23H47COOH acid CH3-(CH2)11-(CH2)11-COOH

(IUPAC)

(Saturated fatty acid)

2. Palmitoleic acid
(Common name)

(9z)-Hexadec-9-enoic
acid, (IUPAC) C15H29COOH acid CH3-(CH2)5-CH=CH-(CH2)7COOH

(Monounsaturated
fatty acid)

3. Eicosapentaenoic acid
(Common name)

(5Z,8Z,11E,14Z,17Z)-
icosa-5,8,11,14,17-
pentaenoic acid (IUPAC) C19H29COOH acid CH3-(CH2-CH=CH)15-(CH2)3COOH

(Polyunsaturated fatty
acid)

Q4.
Using the three fatty acids given as examples in the table above (answers for question 3), this can be
illustrated as below:

Simple Triacylglycerols Mixed Triacylglycerols

 are tri-esters made from glycerol and three molecules
of one kind of fatty acids. They are rare.
 They contain the same type of fatty acid residue at all
the three carbons, e.g., tristearin
 are tri-esters with different fatty acid
components. Animal fats and vegetable oils are
many different mixed triglycerides; e.g., Butterfat
contains at least 14 different carboxylic acids.
 Mixed triacylglycerols are more common; they
contain 2 or 3 different types of fatty acid
residues.
 In general, fatty acid attached to C1 is saturated,
that attached to C2 is unsaturated while on C3 it
can be either.
 Triacylglycerol of plants have higher content of
 unsaturated fatty acids compared to that of
animals

 Thus, a simple triacylglycerol can be obtained when:
3 molecules of Tetracosanoic acid (CH3-(CH2)11-
(CH2)11-COOH), reacts with one molecule of Glycerol
(Propan-1,2,3-triol) to produce
H2C-OOC-(CH2)22-CH3
H2C-OOC-(CH2)22-CH3
 While on the other hand, mixed triacylglycerol
can be obtained when:
3 different molecules, for example, consisting of
Tetracosanoic acid (CH3-(CH2)11-(CH2)11-COOH),
Palmitoleic acid (CH3-(CH2)5-CH=CH-
(CH2)7COOH), and Eicosapentaenoic acid (CH3-
(CH2-CH=CH)15-(CH2)3COOH), reacts with one
molecule of Glycerol (Propan-1,2,3-triol) to
produce

H2C-OOC-(CH2)22-CH3
H2C-OOC-(CH2)22-CH3
or
H2C-OOC-(CH2)7-CH=CH-(CH2)5CH3

H2C-OOC-(CH2)3-(CH=CH-CH2)-CH3

or

 i.e., 3 same type of fatty acid residue (of

tetracosanoic acid) at all the three carbons of
Glycerol
 i.e., 3 different types of fatty acid residues (of
tetracosanoic acid, palmitoleic acid and
eicosapentaenoic acid) at all the three carbons of
Glycerol

Triglycerides