 Our project is LORA BASED SMART METER MONITORING

AND PROTECTION OF DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM USING

ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD
 IN the current hardworking world we use electricity in
every aspect of life from charging of mobile phones to
usage of electrical home and industrial appliances but
we do not know how much electricity we have used
until the end of the month
 so in order to accurate the metering and prevent energy
theft we have designed a smart meter and protection of
distribution with AES
 The smart meter we designed helps digitally measure
your electric usage and send that data to the service
provider directly from the database in which we have
use thingspeak database
 We have two main ideas grid to home and home to grid
 In grid to home- the electricity used from the grid we be
obtained and calculated and the data will be secured by
using AES which encrypts and decrypts that protects the
sensitive data.
 This helps in preventing energy theft
 In home to grid- obviously in near future solar will be
used more widely in homes and even solar vehicles may
be used so the energy produced from the solar panel
when in excess can be sent back to he grid, the smart
meter will calculate the amount of energy sent back and
our bill be reduced according to it.
 The LCD display shows power voltage and current
simultaneously as we consume it
  The exixting system in our country that we currently use
is not capable of displaying such parameters and also e
electric board officials are employed to read the
monitor, breaking the transparency between suppliers
and consumers.

OBJECTIVE
    -The main objective of our project is to replacing the conventional energy meter into smart
meter
    -In smart meters we can able to see the multiple parameters like voltage rating,current
rating,power rating etc..
    -In smart meters we can achieve the transparancy between the suppliers and cunsumers.
    -Also we can reduce the unnecessary usage of current

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
    -In conventional energy meters we are able to see the power rating.
    -Sometimes,may occurs any error while calculating the consumer billings.
    -In conventional energy meters we can achieved the breaking transparancy between the
suppliers and consumers.
    -There is no any indication if,any fault occur in wire system.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
   1.Arduino UNO
       -It is a microcontroller based ATMEGA 328P
       -It is a 8 bit microcontroller
       -14 pins for digital inputs/outputs
       -6 for analog inputs
       -16MHZ ceramic resonator
       -power jack
       -USB connection
       -ICSP header
       -Reset button
   2.Lora
       -This is the short form for "Large Range"
       -It is a physical layer which enables the extreamly large rage communication with
optimized energy efficiency and the robust signal
   3.5-pin relay
       pin no  pin name
     -> 1       coil end-1
     -> 2       coil end-2
     -> 3       common
     -> 4       normally close(NC)
     -> 5       normally open(NO)
   4.Potential transformer
       It is a voltage step down transformer which is used to step down the voltage for our
required from the high voltage circuits.
   5.Current Transformer
       It is a device which is used to transform the high voltage current into the low voltage
current
   6.5V power supply
       It provides the 60A current,300W power and single output
   7.Solar Panel
       -It is made up of cells.In grid-tied systems we can use either 60 cells or 72 cells
       -These cells are connected in series manner and the the cells having the operating
valtage between 0.5V and 0.7V
   8.Current sensor
       Used to sensing the current
       pin.no  pin name
      -> 1       VCC
      -> 2       output
      -> 3       ground
      -> T1      Wire In
      -> T2      Wire Out

   9.Voltage sensor
       Used to sensing the voltage
       pin.no  pin name
      -> 1       VCC
      -> 2       ground
      -> 3       S
      -> 4       +
      -> 5       -
    

The main concerns for advanced metering infrastructure is security of data transfer and security of
database. For this, Advanced encryption standard is used. 
Advanced encryption standard is a symmetric key algorithm. 
The size of block text is 128 bit. 
The size of key is 128 bit. 
The key is divided into 44subkeys. 
Advanced encryption standard is an iterative type algorithm. 
It has 10 rounds. For one round, 4subkeys are used. So 40 subkeys are used. 
Remaining 4 subkeys are used for prerequisite round. 
Block text is fed into process called Add round key. The output is given to round 1.
In round 1, first step is substitute box. Sbox is 16*16 table. 
The binary value according to its row and coloumn are substituted with the value of sbox.. 
Again it is converted into binary value and given to shift row process. It is done lift circular shift here. 
The output is given to mix column process and multiplied with predetermined matrix. 
The output is given to Add round key process. So round 1 is completed. 
After completion of 10 rounds, cipher text is obtained. Cipher text is undergone same reverse
process to obtain block text (decryption )again.

GRID TO HOME
1.This is the block diagram of our project.
2.First one is grid to home block diagram.
3.this block diagram represents the advanced metering
infrastructure(AMI)
which is nothing but the combination of the electronic
meters
with two way communications technology for
information,monitor and control .
4.for two way communication we have used lora module ,
for monitoring and control purpose we have used arduino
uno
5.The monitored data is then collected and stored on the
open source database called thingspeak
6.The tranferring of data is secured by advanced encryption
standard where it encrypts the data
by series of key generations.
7.The flow of process will be from main supply to lcd display.
8. Suppliers will provide electricity through distribution
system.
9.Load consumes the electrical energy via relay which is used
to supply different forms of electricity
to the home usage eg.fan,light,motor etc.
10.Relay is a electro mechanical device which acts as a switch
to turn on or off the circuits.
11.Relay is connected to arduino which gives information to
the relay regarding supply.
12.Current transformer is used step down the high voltage
current and
voltage transformer is used to step down the high voltage
potential from supply .
13.Arduino UNO is an open source electronic platform which
is preprogrammed to monitor,collect ,display and command
generation.
14.The collected data from arduino is sent to thingspeak
database via lora
15.LORA is short form of long range
16. It is a wireless radio frequency device which is used to
transmit datas.
17.It is a two way communication device with low power
consumption and long range transmitting ability
18.The range of lora is from 10 to 15km and frequency is
from 865 mhz to 867 mhz.
19.The main feature of LORA is ,it can transmit data without
internet connection which is highly recommended for rural
areas
20.Now the transferred data is collected on the thingspeak
which analyzes the data and triggers actions or provide
output according
to the informations provided.
21.The whole transmitting system is secured by AES.
22.LCD displays the current,voltage and power cconsumed by
the consumer.
HOME TO GRID
1.Additionally to the above said block diagram it contains
solar panel
2.solar panel generates electrical energy which is stored on
battery .
3.with the usage of inverter the electrical energy stored on
battery is used for domestic purpose
4.Again the whole process is regulated by arduino
5.current sensor and voltage sensors are used measure the
generated electricity which is fed into arduino.