BAB 10 COMPARING TWO TEXTS (Membandingkan Dua Teks) Comparing two text merupakan karakteristik soal yang selalu ada dalam SBMPTN ataupun ujlan masuk perguruan ting ‘Terdapat 2 teks dengan pembahasan isi dan pola alur yang sama, namun mempunyai pemilihan kata yang berbeda, Pembaca rrantinya diminta untukmembandingkan kedua teks tersebut terkait dengan detail nformasi yang terdapat di dalamnya, Bentuk pertanyaannya meliputi purpose, inference, main topic, main idea dsb. Karakteristik Pertanyaan Which ofthe following themes is mainly discussed in both passages? 2. Which ofthe following statements s the best summary of both passages? 3. Which of the following best describes the theme underlying both passages? 4. The following statements reflect opinions in both texts, Gy Berne ed Berikut ini adalah strategi untuk menjawab pertanyaan ‘model perbandingan dua teks. 1. Baca soal/pernyataan. Hal ini penting dilakukan untuk memfokuskan kalian dalam mendapatkan informasi tanpa perlu membaca keseluruan isl teks. “Temukan kata-kata kunci yang mengkorelasikan kedua teks. Misak: pada soal ditanyakan mengenai ide pokok EXCEPT. 5. etc. (main ideo) dari kedua teks, maka fokuskan pada inti bacaannya, CONTOH SOAL DAN PEMBAHASAN The following text is for question number 1-4. fou The tropical rain forest is a forest of tll trees in a region of year - round warmth, An average of 50 to 260 inches (125 to £660 cm.) oF rainfalls yearty. Rainforests now cover less than 6% of farths land surface. Scientists estimate that more than half of all the worlds plant and animal species live in tropical rain forests. Tropical rainforests produce 4096 of Earths oxygen. ‘A tropical rain forest has more kinds of trees than any other area in the world. Scientists have counted about 100 to 300 species in one 2 ¥a-acre (1 - hectare) area in South America. Seventy percent of the plants in the rainforest are trees. ‘About % of all the medicines we use come frome rain forest plants. Curare comes from a tropical vine, and is used as an anesthetic and to relax muscles during surgery. Quinine, from the cinchona tree, is used to treat malaria. A person with lymphocytic leukemia has a 99% chance that the disease will go into decrease because of the rosy periwinkle, More than 1,400 varianties of tropical plants are thought to be potential cures for cancer. Each of the three largest rain forests - the American, the African, and the Asian ~ has 2 different group of animal and plant species. Each rain forest has many species of monkeys, all of which differ from the species of the other two rain forests. In addition, different areas of the same rainforest may hhave different species. Many kinds of trees that grow in the mountains of the Amazon rain forest do ‘not grow in the lowlands of that same forest Though dry forests occur in climates that are warm year-round, and may receive several hundred centimetres of rain per year, they deal with long dry seasons which last several months and vary with geographic location. These seasonal droughts have great impact on all living things in the forest. Deciduous trees predominate these forests, and during the drought a leafless period occurs, which varies with species type. The newly bare trees open up the canopy layer, enabling sunlight to \ 189reachgroundlevelandfaciitatethegrowthofthickunderbrush.Thoughlessbiologicallydiversethanrainforestsropicaldryforestsarestil home to a wide variety of wildlife including monkeys, large cats, parrots, various rodents, and ground ‘dwelling birds. Many ofthese species display extraordinary adaptations to the dificult climate. ‘The most diverse dry forests in the world occur in southern Mexico and in the Bolivian lowlands. The dry forests of the Pacific Coast of north western South America support a wealth of unique species due to thelr isolation. The dry forests of central India and Indochina are notable for their diverse large vertebrate faunas. Dry forests of Madagascar and New Caledonia are also highly distinctive (pronounced endemism and a large number of Relictual taxa) for a wide range of taxa and at higher taxonomic levels. Species tend to have wider ranges than moist forest species, although in some regions many species do display highly restricted ranges; most dry forest species are restricted to tropical dry forests, particularly in plants; beta diversity and alpha diversity high but typically lower than adjacent moist forests. 1. The theme that best represents the two texts above would be... ‘A. flora and fauna indifferent forests in wet and dry lands. 8. medical prospects of the flora from rain and dry forests. tropical rain forests as a source of herbal ‘medications. D._ biodiversity richness of tropical and dry forests. E. differences of fauna types in rain and dry forests. Pembahasan SMART: TTeks A dan B membahas perbandingan flora dan fauna dari jenis hutan yang berbveda. Ini bisa diketahul kutipan’The tropical ain forests a forest of tall trees. “Each rain forest has many species of monkeys (teks A). Pembandingnya adalah ‘Deciduous trees predominate these forest...; Species tend to have wider ranges than moist forest.’ (teks 8). Jawaban: A 2. The following statements reflect opinions in both texts, EXCEPT. ‘A. about half of plant and animal species live in rain forests 8. most tres in dry forests are bare during the rainy rain forests have less animal species than dry forests. D._ plants from both forests can be used as medicines E._rainand dry forests grown in warm regions. Pembahasan SMART: Dari kutipan ‘...more than half ofall the worlds plant ‘and animal species live in tropical rain forest’ (teks A baris 3) dan ‘Though less biologically diverse than rain. forest.” (teks B baris 8), dapat diketahui bahwa rain forest memiliki keragaman flora dan fauna yang lebih kaya dibanding dry forest. Jadi jawaban yang tidak sesua adalah C. Jawaban: ¢ 0 J ‘The statement thet best extracts the gist ofthe two texts would be... AA. forests can function wil as a source of herbal medications. 8. planting more trees in forests is an assurance for biodiversity. C. floraand fauna contrbuteto the shaping offorest types. D._ biodiversity can be mast likely found in tropical forests. dry forests are only found regions other than wet Pembahasan SMART: Karena masing-masing teks menjabarkan jenis-jenis. ddan karakterstk flora dan fauna yang menempati Jenis hutan yang berbeda, yakni tropical rain forest (teks A) dan tropical dry forest (teks B), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa flora dan fauna adalah komponen yang membentuk jenis hutan tertentu, Jawaban:¢ Based on both textsit can be best speculatet that... A. a rainfall rate of a forest can better predict population density ofthe forest. B._ less rainfalls in an area cause a less chance for the. area tobe a forest. C. for forests to act more as a source of medicines, their flora should be varied D. the higher the rainfall of a dry forest, the more tunique species the forest has. E._ the denser the flora population ofa forest i, the richer in herbs the forest is. Pembahasan SMART: Dari kutipan ‘Scientist have counted about 100 to 300 species in one 2 ¥ - acre (T-hectare) area in South ‘America. Seventy percent ofthe plants in the rainforest ‘are trees’ dapat disimpulkan jumlah kepadatan spesies pada rainforest. ni sekaligus menjadi petunjukbahwa ‘ain forest dengan curah hyjan lebih tinggi dibanding- kan dry forest memiliki spesies lebih beragam. Jawabar